97-Headlines of the day (List) Public Health News Snippets 25 - 30th November, 2024 Tamilnadu health department to launch ‘One Health and Climate Hub’ for integrated climate-health action The Tamilnadu Dept. of Health and Family Welfare will set up the ‘One Health and Climate Hub’ owing to the challenges faced due to the interconnectedness of human health, animal health and the environment. Its proposed functions are: Formulating action plans to climate change associated health risks with a focus on vulnerable communities. Establishment of state-wide surveillance systems for monitoring data related to climate-sensitive diseases, subsequently developing Early Warning Signs (EWS). Facilitate coordination among the departments involved with the three components of One Health, along with forest and disaster management. Capacity building of the involved staff. Retrofitting climate-resilient systems like solar panels in healthcare facilities. Supporting research on climate events and outbreak using historical data. Content Editor: Dr. Urmimala Social Trends Source : Published on : November 28, 2024 One Health, Health System, Climate Change Nafithromycin : India’s first indigenous antibiotic The antibiotic has been developed by the Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC),” and is one of the first to be developed globally in its class in 30 years. The antibiotic will be available under the trade name, “Miqnaf”, and is aimed to treat community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. The drug would be prescribed as a three-day regimen, and has been found to be 10 times more effective and safer than the current options. The antibiotic has been observed to cause minimal GI side effects, no significant drug interactions and has not been shown to be affected by food consumption. Currently, the approval from Central Drugs Standard Control Organization is awaited before its public use. This step underscores the role of innovation and collaboration in tackling public health concerns. Content Editor: Dr. Swathi Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : November 28, 2024 AMR, Innovation, Research Adoption awareness month 2024 - Brings hope Adoption Awareness Month is celebrated in November to highlight the importance of providing children with loving homes through legal adoption. Organized by the Ministry of Women and Child Development and Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA), the 2024 theme is "Rehabilitation of Older Children through Foster Care and Foster Adoption." Events include cultural programs, interactive sessions, and online campaigns like storytelling. CARA oversees ethical adoptions and facilitates the process via the CARINGS portal, ensuring transparency and efficiency. The portal offers automated child-parent matching, tracks adoption status, and supports special needs and foster care adoptions. Legal adoption ensures brighter futures for children. Read more, Click here Content Editor: Dr. Anamika Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : November 28, 2024 Adoption, foster care, Child welfare India’s renewable energy capacity surges by 24.2 GW India’s renewable energy capacity increased by 24.2 GW (13.5%), reaching 203.18 GW in October 2024, compared to October 2023. Total non-fossil fuel capacity rose to 211.36 GW in 2024 from 186.46 GW in 2023. Total planned solar capacity stands at 250.57 GW, up from 166.49 GW in 2023. Wind energy capacity increased by 7.8%, reaching 47.72 GW, with a total pipeline of 72.35 GW. Hydro projects contributed 46.93 GW, while nuclear power added 8.18 GW to India’s clean energy portfolio. Read more, click here Content Editor: Dr. Anamika Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : November 28, 2024 Renewable energy, sustainability Tackling global antibiotic microbial resistance (AMR) With Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR ) on the rise , a lancet study predicts that about 39 million mortalities worldwide will occur due to superbugs between 2025 and 2050 unless appropriate measures are taken. The reasons behind the collapse of the pipeline of newer antibiotics include: Ineffective business models where inadequate funding hampers the ongoing research in the area. Newer antibiotics are deployed very conservatively to tackle AMR. Way forward: Push and pull incentivization of antibiotic-related studies where studies are funded in the early stages through “push incentives” while “pull incentives” help keep the manufacturers of these newer antibiotic afloat irrespective of sale of the drug in the market. Prohibiting the sale of over the counter antibiotics globally to tackle AMR Improving diagnostics to promote early detection of the type of micro-organism, so only relevant antibiotics are prescribed. Training of health personnel to advocate judicious use of antibiotics. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Tanya Social Trends Source : Published on : November 27, 2024 Antimicrobial Resistance, Clinical Trials IL-35: A breakthrough in immunotherapy for Type 1 Diabetes The Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST ), Guwahati, has identified IL-35 as a promising treatment for type 1 and autoimmune diabetes mellitus. IL-35 refers to Interleukin-35 , a cytokine belonging to the interleukin family. This protein, composed of IL-12α and IL-27β chains encoded by the IL12A and EBI3 genes, plays a pivotal role in regulating immune responses. By reducing inflammatory immune cells and controlling pancreatic beta cell infiltration, IL-35 helps prevent immune cells from attacking insulin-producing cells . The research team employed network pharmacological analysis to examine IL-35-related genes and disease interactions. They identified five key genes associated with immune-inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. The study, published in CYTOKINE and World Journal of Diabetes , highlights IL-35’s potential to protect the immune system and offers new hope for diabetes management. Further research is needed to elucidate IL-35's mechanisms and advance this promising therapy to clinical trials Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Dheenadhayalan V PIB Source : Published on : November 27, 2024 Diabetes Mellitus, Immunotherapy, Research findings Bridging the divide, understanding cancer screening trends from NFHS data A recent study, Learning from the Indian National Family Health Survey (NFHS) , analyzed trends in cancer screening in India , revealing significant declines. NFHS-4 (2015–16) reported that 22%, 10%, and 12% of women aged 15–49 had undergone screening for cervical, breast, and oral cancers respectively. However, NFHS-5 (2019–21) recorded a sharp decline , with only 1.2%, 0.6%, and 0.7% of women reporting the same. For men, oral cancer screening rates dropped from 9% in NFHS-4 to 0.2% in NFHS-5. The decline is attributed largely to differences in the framing of survey questions between NFHS-4 and NFHS-5. In NFHS-4, questions used general terms like "Have you ever undergone a cervix/breast/oral cavity examination?" without explicitly mentioning "cancer" or "screening." This may have led respondents to include routine or pregnancy-related examinations. In contrast, NFHS-5 used more precise wording such as "Have you ever undergone a screening test for cervical cancer?" The clearer terminology likely reduced overestimation but exposed the actual low uptake of cancer-specific screenings. Other possible reasons include shifts in survey implementation, such as moving cancer-related questions from individual questionnaires in NFHS-4 to biomarker questionnaires in NFHS-5. This transition might have influenced participation and response rates. India's rising cancer burden, projected to increase from 1.39 million cases in 2020 to 1.57 million by 2025, underscores the need for accurate data collection and public health action . Recommendations include refining future surveys to better capture distinctions between routine and cancer-specific screenings and incorporating questions to assess cancer awareness. Anyone using NFHS figures to quote cancer screening percentages in India should acknowledge that the figures are not comparable between NFHS-4 and NFHS-5 The NFHS data highlights critical gaps in cancer screening practices, offering valuable lessons for designing targeted interventions in India and other low- and middle-income countries to reduce preventable cancer cases and deaths. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Dheena The Lancet Source : Published on : November 27, 2024 Non Communicable Diseases, Screening, Survey Innovative technology for accurate HIV detection unveiled by JNCASR Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR ) developed the GQ-RCP diagnostic platform for detecting HIV with high precision. It targets the unique G-Quadruplex (GQ ) DNA structure in the HIV genome, reducing false positives common in existing diagnostic methods. It uses benzobisthiazole-based fluorescent probes (TGS64) for selective and reliable detection via reverse transcription and amplification of a 176-nucleotide sequence. Featuring a pH-mediated single-step DNA transition into GQ conformation, enabling efficient recognition. This new method offers significant advantages over conventional diagnostics by mitigating non-specific amplification issues. Originally designed for pathogens like SARS-CoV-2, the platform is adaptable for diagnosing various DNA/RNA pathogens, including bacteria and viruses. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Sumana PIB Source : Published on : November 27, 2024 HIV Diagnosis, genetics NIN Celebrates 7th Naturopathy day with Pan-India campaign for elderly well-being Under the Ministry of Ayush, the National Institute of Naturopathy (NIN ) observed the 7th Naturopathy Day with a pan-India campaign themed ‘Healthy Ageing and Longevity.’ It focuses on Gandhian principles of natural cure and sustainable living to promote disease prevention among India’s growing elderly population. Health camps at 35 elderly homes near Pune were conducted, reaching 1,500 senior citizens with yoga, naturopathy treatments, and health discussions. Challenges of nuclear family dynamics, promoting community bonding and intergenerational empathy were addressed. An announcement was made for an Inter-Collegiate Intellectual Meet in January 2025 for yoga and naturopathy students. November 18 has been celebrated as Naturopathy Day since 2018, commemorating Mahatma Gandhi’s association with the Nature Cure Foundation Trust in 1945. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Sumana PIB Source : Published on : November 27, 2024 Healthy Ageing, Naturopathy One Nation One Subscription a step ahead for higher educational institutions A new central sector scheme providing country-wide access to scholarly research articles and journals was launched by the union cabinet. The scheme, “One Nation One Subscription” will be available for the government higher education institutions and R &D laboratories through a simple, user friendly subscription, which will be coordinated by a central agency, named “Information and Library Network (INFLIBNET) . The scheme has been approved for 3 years, with a budget of 6000 crores. The scheme aims to enhance the scope, and maximizing access to higher education in India. This scheme is in line with the goals of the Vikisitbharat@2047 , the Anusandhan National Research Foundation and the National Education Policy 2020. The state government will further run campaigns to promote and increase the usage of the scheme by all the stakeholders. Covering a total of 1.8 crore students through 6300 institutions, this scheme will foster and build towards capacity building. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Swathi PIB Source : Published on : November 27, 2024 Innovation, Education, Schemes AroTrack: For detection of pollutants in water The mechanism of action involves the device identifying the compounds by utilizing the proteins present in bacteria residing in heavily polluted water. The presence of an aromatic compound like phenol or benzene causes the protein to hydrolyze when mixed with water, leading to a change in color, which is identified by the device. MopR , an engineered molecule from the Acinetobacter bacteria , is responsible for detecting phenol. This molecule has been re-engineered to aid in the identification of other aromatic compounds. The device has an overall cost of $50 and is cost-effective due to its reusability . Currently, the initial functional prototype is ready , and further quality analysis is being conducted to make it market-ready. Content Editor: Dr. Swathi Social trends Source : Published on : November 26, 2024 Pollution, Innovation, Environment Diabetes Trend around the world from 1990-2022 India has the highest number of adults living with untreated diabetes, with over 212 million affected in 2022 and 62% still remain untreated with similar statistics in low- and middle-income countries that see rising diabetes rates but stagnant treatment coverage. This study aimed to analyse global trends in both diabetes prevalence and treatment coverage in representative populations across countries The prevalence of diabetes in India nearly doubled from 11.9% in women and 11.3% in men in 1990 to 24% and 21.4%, respectively, in 2022. This untreated diabetes epidemic poses severe public health risks, including complications like heart disease, kidney damage, and vision loss. The study recommends expanding health insurance and primary health care to enhance early detection and effective treatment of diabetes to mitigate the growing burden of non-communicable diseases in India. The National Family Health Survey (NFHS) also highlights that 40% of Indian women and 12% of men suffer from abdominal obesity, a significant risk factor for diabetes. Addressing these intertwined health issues requires urgent public health interventions focusing on early detection, continuous care, and lifestyle modifications to mitigate the growing burden of non-communicable diseases in India. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Shubham Lancet Source : Published on : November 26, 2024 Diabetes, Global Burden of Disease Abdominal Obesity in India- An NFHS data analysis The prevalence of abdominal obesity in India is alarmingly high, with 40% of women and 12% of men affected. The National Family Health Survey-5 (2019-2021) data reveals that 5-6 out of 10 women aged 30-49 years are abdominally obese. A secondary data analysis of NFHS-5 reveals that this condition is more prevalent among older age groups, urban residents, wealthier sections, and non-vegetarians. In Telangana, 35-50% of women are abdominally obese, highlighting a significant public health concern. Abdominal obesity is linked to chronic illnesses such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. The study emphasizes the need for targeted interventions to promote physical activity and healthy dietary habits , especially in rural areas where economic transitions have reduced female workforce participation. Addressing these factors is crucial for mitigating the health risks associated with abdominal obesity and improving overall public health outcomes in India. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Shubham LANCET Regional Health Southeast Asia Source : Published on : November 26, 2024 Central Obesity, Research findings Celebrating water: NITI Aayog's Jal Utsav inspires action across India NITI Aayog’s Jal Utsav 2024, organized from November 6 to 20 in partnership with the Ministry of Jal Shakti, concluded successfully across 20 aspirational districts in 20 states to promote water conservation and awareness . The event included a variety of activities involving thousands of participants from diverse groups, including communities, schools, and self-help groups (SHGs). Key highlights of the Jal Utsav include: Community Engagement : Sacred water asset ceremonies (Jal Bandhan ), cleaning and inventorying local water resources, and tree planting under the Ek Ped Maa Ka Naam initiative. School Activities : Essay writing, slogan competitions, and water quality testing demonstrations for students and teachers using field kits. Awareness Drives : Campaigns on the link between water and health, addressing leakages, and promoting water conservation practices. Student Exposure : Visits to local water supply assets to enhance understanding of resource management. States such as Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh witnessed remarkable participation. The Utsav emphasized water's importance as a shared community responsibility . Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Dheenadhayalan V Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : November 26, 2024 Environment, Water Conservation National conference on the rights of older persons by NHRC The challenges faced by the aging population who have contributed invariably to the society were addressed and effective strategies for their welfare were discussed in the conference by NHRC. Government’s dedication and commitment and for their betterment was reaffirmed Challenges identified: Discrimination based on age Social isolation Disparities in Healthcare Insecurity related to Finance The UNFPA Personnel’s discussion was focused on Health care evaluation Technology’s role Social security Gendered aspects of aging Quality of life enhancemnet Recommendations: Improving accessibility to quality health care Anti discrimination law strengthening Implementing measures to prevent elder abuse Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Sivanthiga National Human Rights Commission,India Source : Published on : November 25, 2024 Geriatrics, Human Rights, Legal Reforms, old age Transforming Refractive Eye Care in Assam: A Collaborative Initiative The National Blindness and Visual Impairment Survey of India 2015-2019 reports that refractive error is the major cause of visual impairment in the 0-49 years age group. The WHO SPECS 2030 initiative aims to provide effective refractive error coverage, targeting an increase in global coverage by 40% by 2030 compared to 2021 levels. For the first time, a large-scale project is being planned in Assam through a joint collaboration between the WHO, the Government of Assam, and Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya (SSDN), based in Guwahati, Assam. The project will follow the 'Integrated People-Centered Eye Care' approach, leveraging SSDN's strong community network to integrate services across various health sectors and engage communities and families. Members of the joint project convened on the 21st and 22nd of November, along with community and preventive ophthalmologists, to devise a strategic plan for rolling out the project in three districts of Assam to provide effective refractive care services. Content Editor: Dr Urmimala Social trends Source : Published on : November 25, 2024 Community Ophthalmology, SPECS 2030, Preventive Blindness ‘Hamara Shauchalay: Hamara Samman’ campaign launched. The Central government has directed all States and Union Territories to conduct ground-level surveys to identify gaps and expedite the construction of Individual Household Latrines (IHHLs ) to mark World Toilet Day on November 19. The campaign "Hamara Shauchalay: Hamara Samman" links sanitation with human rights, emphasizing dignity and privacy, especially for women and girls, as a commitment towards attaining and sustaining Open Defecation Free (ODF ) status. The initiative highlights the importance of grassroots workers, NGO partners, and local stakeholders in achieving comprehensive sanitation coverage. The campaign includes mobile units with educational content and a comic book featuring Chacha Chaudhary to raise sanitation awareness among children. Under the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM ) Grameen, over 11.73 crore household toilets have been constructed, resulting in more than 5.57 lakh ODF Plus villages. The urban counterpart, Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban , has facilitated the construction of 63.63 lakh household latrines and over 6.36 lakh community and public toilets. The WHO reported in 2023 that unsafe water, sanitation, and hygiene are responsible for approximately 1,000 deaths of children under the age of five every day. Improved sanitation has had a positive economic impact, saving ODF villages an average of ₹50,000 per family annually on healthcare. Improved sanitation could potentially save 1.4 million lives annually. Content Editor: Dr Shubham Social trends Source : Published on : November 25, 2024 Sanitation, ODF, Swachh Bharat Mission Global Diabetes Burden quadruples since 1990: A Lancet study The global Diabetes burden has risen from 7% to 14% between 1990-2022, with the largest increase in LMICs. The report was a collaboration between NCD Risk FactOR Collaboration (NCD-RisC) and WHO . There are substantial global statistical differences in diabetes-related parameters, with diabetes burden in people aged 18 years or older accounting for 20% in WHO South-East Asia and Eastern Mediterranean regions. The South-East Asia, Eastern Mediterranean region and the African region have the lowest treatment coverage as well. This alarming rise in the global Diabetes burden can be attributed to: Rising obesity prevalence Physical inactivity due to sedentary lifestyles Marketing of packaged and unhealthy food Economic Hardship The WHO launched the global monitoring framework on diabetes , representing the need for more comprehensive steps to tackle the burden of diabetes. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Tanya WHO Source : Published on : November 25, 2024 Diabetes, Non Communicable Diseases, WHO Limitation of sugar consumption: Long term reduction of risk of non-communicable diseases A new study published in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics revealed that limiting sugar intake in the first 1000 days of life can reduce the lifelong risk of developing diabetes and hypertension. According to the WHO guidelines, the daily intake of free sugars should be less than 10% of the energy intake in adults and children. However, despite these guidelines, 85% of the children are found to consume sugar more than the recommended levels. The study was a natural experiment, wherein after the World War 2, for a few months, the UK government rationed food, with a limit of 40g of sugar daily. After a few years, in 1953, this rationing stopped, leading to a spike in the daily sugar intake from 40g to 80g. The key findings are as follows: It was observed that this reduction in the sugar content led to a 35% reduced risk of diabetes and 20% reduced risk of hypertension. This led to delay in onset of diabetes by 4 years and of hypertension by 2 years. The study highlights the need for primordial prevention of non-communicable diseases. Content Editor: Dr. Swathi Social trends Source : Published on : November 22, 2024 Noncommunicable diseases, Lifestyle modifications, Nutrition India takes action in the climate and health solutions (CHS) conclave The Climate and Health Solutions (CHS) India Conclave, co-hosted by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB), concluded with a call to action to integrate climate change considerations into public health strategies. Key Takeaways: Representatives from 19 Indian states and Union Territories participated in a key roundtable on "Climate Resilient and Responsive Health Systems and Infrastructure”. The conclave recognized the need for adaptable infrastructure to handle extreme weather events. The conclave emphasized the urgent need to address climate change and public health holistically. Discussions focused on Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), mental health, nutrition, and climate-ready healthcare workforce development. Experts emphasized the need for innovative financing models, including blended finance, to invest in climate-resilient infrastructure and healthcare systems . The conclave served as a platform to develop concrete, actionable solutions, demonstrating India's commitment to tackling both climate change and health challenges. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Shayari Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : November 22, 2024 Climate, Health, One health CDC issues level 2 travel advisory for Chikungunya Following a rise in the number of US travelers returning from Telangana, India, diagnosed with Chikungunya , the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released the Level 2 Travel Advisory notice . The Advisory includes: Symptoms of the disease- fever, joint pain, muscle ache, rashes . Route of Transmission- Vector-borne- Mosquito (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus) bites Modes of Prevention- Self protection - wearing long sleeve clothes, using insect repellants Recommending Vaccination for all aged 18yrs and above travelling to areas of outbreak- with restrictions for certain groups like pregnant women and immunosuppressed. The four levels of travel advisories are meant to inform travellers about the global health risks of traveller to different areas of the world and the level of precautionary measures required. The recommendations are as follows- Level 1 for practicing usual precautionary measures for a disease Level 2 for practicing enhanced precautionary measures Level 3 for recommending reconsideration for travel due to non-essential reasons Level 4 to avoid all travel. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Urmimala Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Source : Published on : November 22, 2024 Travel Advisory, Chikungunya, Outbreak, Global Health New menstrual hygiene policy for adolescent school-going girls unveiled In response to a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) by Jaya Thakur, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) approved a policy to improve access to menstrual hygiene healthcare for schoolgirls in all government, government-aided and residential schools. Following are the salient points of the directive - Mainstream knowledge about menstrual hygiene within the government school system to help change attitudes towards menstrual hygiene. Ensuring access to sanitary napkins for girls (10-19 years of age) between 6th-12th standards and proper environment friendly disposal mechanisms. Providing separate toilet facilities for girls at all levels. The policy will thus aim to tackle the high dropout rates among adolescent girls due to lack of menstrual hygiene products and healthcare and curb the rate of infection and diseases caused due to unsanitary practices for the same. Content Editor: Dr Manu Social trends Source : Published on : November 22, 2024 Menstrual Hygiene, Adolescent Health, School Health Online survey reveals stark details about perception of workplace safety by doctors The results from an online survey carried out by the Indian Medical Association (IMA) on the perception of safety and experience of workplace violence against doctors , specially during night shifts, was released in the Kerala Medical Journal. Following were the findings - 3885 doctors sent their responses, with a majority of the respondents being junior doctors (Interns or Postgraduate trainees) (61%) and women (63%). Almost 71% of respondents were 30 years old or younger . Almost half (45%) of respondents did not have access to a duty room at night while a third of those with access to a duty room, didn’t have an attached washroom (31%) . Meanwhile, 63% of respondents had a duty room far (100-1000 metres) to very far (>1000 metres) from their ward. 35% of respondents reported feeling unsafe (0-3) or very unsafe (0) during night duties while rating safety on a numeric rating scale of 0-10. The results also showed respondents felt more unsafe when they didn’t have access to a duty room at night compared to those who had. While respondents with an attached washroom felt safer compared to those who didn’t have one in their duty room. Respondents in government hospitals and junior doctors felt more unsafe compared to those in private hospitals or senior doctors respectively. (p<0.0001) These results show a stark need for better safety measures to improve the overall working conditions of doctors . Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Manu Kerala Medical Journal Source : Published on : November 21, 2024 Workplace Safety, Violence Against Doctors, Indian Medical Association New research findings shed light on association between sleep quality and cognitive Decline Researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine sought to explore the relationship between sleep disorders and Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) incidence using Cox proportional hazard models that were adjusted for age, sex, education, geriatric depression, cognitive scores and comorbidity index. Motoric Cognitive Risk (MCR) syndrome is a condition preceding dementia, marked by slow walking speed and cognitive decline. The study inlcuded 445 New Yorkers aged 65 years and older who did not have dementia. Of these, 403 were MCR free at baseline and among these 36 developed MCR over a follow up period of 3 years. A higher incidence risk was found in the “poor sleepers” group (hazard ratio HR = 2.7 [1.2, 5.2]) but after adjusting for depressive symptoms this association was not found to be significant (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.6 [0.7,3.4]). In fully adjusted models, sleep related daytime lethargy was found to be significantly associated with risk of developing MCR in the study population (aHR = 3.3 [1.5–7.4]). MCR developed in 35.5% of participants who reported extreme daytime sleepiness , as compared to 6.7% of those who did not. The authors also concluded that poor quality of sleep was significantly associated with incident MCR but not prevalent MCR(OR = 1.1 [0.5,2.3]) The study provides evidence on the effect of sleep quality on cognitive impairment, particularly among older age groups. Further studies are required to elaborate on the effect on the quality of life. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Himabindu Reddy Neurology Journal, American Academy of Neurology Source : Published on : November 21, 2024 Neurology, Epidemiology, Sleep disorders, Dementia, Research findings China’s new obesity guidelines : A nationwide health reset High prevalence and projection : Obesity happens to be a major public health problem in China following improvement in living standards. If this issue goes unattended, the predictions are that the rate of overweight/obesity might reach 65.3% by 2030 Economic and Lifestyle factors : This increase was attributed to Desk bound jobs Adoption of cheaper unhealthy diets. The reasons were less physically demanding agriculture work, inadequate healthcare in rural areas and job stress, long work hours, poor diet in cities. The guidelines issued for prevention of obesity includes the following: 1. School-based health initiatives: Implementation of healthy eating habits, Regular screening, daily exercise, Appointment of clinical nutritionist in schools. 2. Public Health awareness campaigns Campaigns to create public awareness about active monitoring, balanced diet, good sleep etc. The government plans to curb the burden of obesity with effective implementation of these guidelines. Content Editor: Dr Sivanthiga Social trends Source : Published on : November 21, 2024 Non-communicable Disease, growing epidemic, Public health initiatives, Lifestyle diseases India's healthcare spending on the rise: Government investments drive down out-of-pocket costs The Union Health Ministry has released the latest National Health Account (NHA ) estimates for India, revealing a positive trend: increased government spending on healthcare and a decrease in out-of-pocket expenses for citizens. Key Highlights: The share of government health expenditure (GHE ) in India's GDP has risen from 1.13% in 2014-15 to 1.84% in 2021-22, reflecting a significant commitment to public health . Per capita government spending on healthcare has tripled since 2014-15, demonstrating the government's proactive approach to tackling healthcare challenges. The share of out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE ) in total health expenditure (THE ) has declined from 62.6% to 39.4% between 2014-15 and 2021-22. The Ayushman Bharat PMJAY scheme and the Free Dialysis scheme have played a crucial role in reducing OOPE and improving access to healthcare . This indicates a significant shift towards financial protection and universal health coverage for citizens. The increased government spending on healthcare and the reduction of out-of-pocket costs are positive steps toward building a more equitable and accessible healthcare system in India. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Shayari Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : November 21, 2024 Health Financing, Health Budget, Health Expenditure Global surge in measles: Need to bridge the vaccination gap Global measles cases rose by 20% in 2023, totaling 10.3 million, primarily due to insufficient vaccination coverage, according to WHO and CDC. Despite the availability of an effective vaccine, over 22 million children missed their first dose last year, with only 83% receiving the first dose and 74% completing the two-dose schedule. Achieving 95% vaccination coverage is essential to prevent outbreaks. Measles caused 107,500 deaths in 2023, mostly among children under five. While this reflects an 8% reduction in mortality from 2022, largely due to better healthcare access in affected regions, the disease remains a significant threat. Survivors often face severe complications, including blindness and brain damage. Outbreaks affected 57 countries, with nearly half in Africa, highlighting gaps in immunization programs. Efforts to eliminate measles require strengthening routine vaccinations, enhancing surveillance, and conducting high-coverage campaigns, especially in vulnerable regions. Partnerships aim to accelerate progress towards global measles eradication . Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Chinmay WHO News Section Source : Published on : November 21, 2024 Measles, vaccination, International Health News Diabetes rising in Jammu: Largest ICMR survey highlights urgent action The ICMR-India Diabetes "INDIAB " survey, the largest diabetes study in the world, has released Jammu's diabetes data , which were revealed by renowned diabetologist and Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh. According to the data, the prevalence of diabetes in Jammu is 18.9%, greater than the national average in urban regions (26.5%) than in rural ones (14.5%). Also he emphasized youth health as crucial to creating a "Viksit Bharat" (Developed India) and called for coordinated action to counteract the rise in diabetes and other non-communicable diseases (NCDs). In order to prevent and control NCDs, he underlined the government's objective of building 1.5 lakh health and wellness centers across the country. Targeted health interventions are the goal of the project, which is being carried out by the Madras Diabetes Research Foundation in partnership with ICMR. Furthermore, the high prevalence of hypertension (27.1%) and prediabetes (10.8%) in Jammu highlights the need for proactive healthcare policies and community awareness efforts. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Dheenadhayalan V Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : November 16, 2024 Non Communicable Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus India Launches Groundbreaking Health Research Initiatives The Union Health Minister launched five DHR-ICMR health research initiatives under the 100-day agenda, aimed at advancing India’s position in global health research. The "First in the World " Challenge is a high-risk, high-reward program to develop globally unique health technologies. ICMR is upgrading Viral Research & Diagnostic Labs (VRDLs) to Infectious Disease Research and Diagnostic Labs (IRDLs ) under PM-ABHIM, enhancing diagnostic capacity. The ICMR Data Repository offers a secure, centralized platform for quality data with high standards of privacy. The UNNATI Initiative aims to create India-specific growth standards for children. ICMR is advancing rare disease drug research, focusing on affordable therapies. Click here to read more COntent Editor: Dr. Anamika Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : November 16, 2024 Health research, innovation, ICMR SAMAGAM Finale: Celebrating Dignity and Support for Seniors The Grand Finale "SAMAGAM" concluded a month of initiatives enhancing dignity and support for senior citizens. Activities highlighted included health camps, pension schemes, skill programs , and intergenerational solidarity campaigns. A short movie showcased month-long efforts for the International Day of Older Persons . Events included a pledge ceremony, walkathon, assistive device camps, and a cultural event, “Aradhana.” Emphasis was placed on digital literacy, geriatric healthcare, age-friendly spaces, and mental health. A nationwide quiz and pledge on senior rights were launched. Future goals include expanding healthcare access , financial support, and societal awareness for elderly welfare. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Anamika Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : November 16, 2024 Senior citizens, inclusion, empowerment of the elderly Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)- FluSurv-NET for Influenza Between 9.3 million and 41 million infections, 100,000 to 710,000 hospitalisations, and 4,900 to 51,000 deaths are attributed to seasonal influenza in the United States each year. Since 2003, the FluSurv-NET system has tracked these hospitalizations, offering information on patient demographics, clinical traits, and results. Children under the age of fiv e and those over 65 had the greatest hospitalization rates. Obesity, chronic lung disease, and cardiovascular disease were among the underlying medical issues that affected a sizable percentage of hospitalized patients. For the 2013–14 and 2022–23 influenza seasons, the lowest vaccination rates were among adults aged 18–49 , while the highest vaccination rates were among those aged 65 and older. The lowest vaccination rate was 29.3% in 2022–2023. In recent seasons, the most often used influenza test type was a molecular assay, specifically multiplex conventional molecular tests. Between 2018–19 and 2022–23, the percentage of FluSurv-NET patients who had acute respiratory signs and symptoms at hospital admission dropped from 90.6% to 83.2%. In order to address health inequities, the report emphasizes the significance of influenza vaccination and antiviral therapy, particularly for high-risk groups, as well as the necessity of continuous surveillance. In general, hospitalized individuals have poor vaccination rates. In order to lessen the impact of influenza on public health, the data from FluSurv-NET highlights the burden of hospitalizations related to influenza in the United States and the necessity of ongoing surveillance and vaccination campaigns. Click here to read more Content EDitor: Dr. Shubham CDC Source : Published on : November 16, 2024 Influenza surveillance Harnessing AI in Public Health: Bridging Gaps and Unlocking Potential The “Making AI a Lifesaver ” panel held in Washington, D.C., experts highlighted AI’s transformative potential in public health while addressing its risks of exacerbating inequities. Panelists, including Micky Tripathi of HHS, John Auerbach of ICF, Elizabeth Stuart of Johns Hopkins, and Jesse Ehrenfeld of the American Medical Association, discussed AI applications such as predicting disease outbreaks and streamlining public health tasks . Despite its promise, challenges like high costs, limited data inclusivity, and disparities in health care resources persist. The panel emphasized democratizing AI through open platforms, public-private collaborations, and ethical oversight. Initiatives like the National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource pilo t and AI “nutrition labels” aim to expand access and transparency. Panelists called for targeted training on AI ethics and applications to empower public health professionals and stressed the need for a cohesive strategy to ensure equitable and effective AI integration in health care systems. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Gurumurthy Global Health now - John Hopkins Bloomberg school of Public Health Source : Published on : November 16, 2024 AI, Public health, ethics Prioritizing Population Mental Health: Evidence-Based Strategies for the Future Mental health affects nearly one-third of the population, contributing to chronic diseases and socioeconomic challenges. Speaking at the launch symposium of the Public Mental Health Lab at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Karestan Koenen , professor of psychiatric epidemiology , emphasized the need to shift from traditional treatment models to prevention-focused , population-based strategies. Recommendations included implementing paid family leave, food security programs, and housing stability measures to alleviate economic stressors, alongside evidence-based practices such as forest bathing, mindfulness, and exercise to reduce anxiety and depression. The role of technological innovations, such as digital mental health platforms and app-based PTSD therapies , was also highlighted as a scalable solution for resource-limited settings. Koenen called for increased funding, research, and public awareness to elevate mental health to the same priority level as physical health, transforming societal approaches to this urgent public health issue. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Gurumurthy Harvard T H Chan School of Public health Source : Published on : November 15, 2024 Public health policy, Population mental health lab Regional and Rural Disparities in U.S. Diabetes Prevalence A study using data from the 2019–2022 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) examined diabetes prevalence among 109,558 U.S. adults across census regions (Northeast, Midwest, South, West) and metropolitan statuses (large central metro, large fringe metro, small/medium metro, nonmetro). Diabetes prevalence was determined through self-reported physician diagnosis, and analyses accounted for demographic, socioeconomic, and body weight factors. The highest prevalence (14.8%) was observed in nonmetro counties in the South, while the lowest (7.0%) was recorded in large fringe metro counties in the Northeast. Adults in nonmetro Southern counties had significantly higher odds of diabetes—62% greater compared to those in large central metros —even after adjusting for key variables. Elevated odds were also noted in small and medium metros in the Midwest and Northeast, though these were largely attributed to socioeconomic and weight-related disparities. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted public health strategies to address diabetes risk, particularly in rural Southern areas where economic, healthcare, and lifestyle challenges are most pronounced. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Gurumurthy CDC Source : Published on : November 15, 2024 Non-communicable disease, rural-urban disparity Decline in Youth Tobacco Use Highlights Public Health Progress The 2024 National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS), conducted by the CDC and FDA, utilized a stratified, multi-stage cluster sampling design to evaluate tobacco use among middle and high school students across the United States. Students completed self-administered questionnaires to provide data on current tobacco product use, defined as use on at least one day in the past 30 days. The survey revealed that 10.1% of high school students and 5.4% of middle school students currently use tobacco products. E-cigarettes were the most commonly used product, reported by 7.8% of high school students and 2.8% of middle school students, followed by nicotine pouches and combustible cigarettes. The data also showed a notable decrease in e-cigarette use among high school students, dropping from 10.0% in 2023 to 7.8% in 2024, reflecting progress in reducing youth tobacco use. Interventions such as bans on flavored tobacco products, stricter age restrictions, awareness campaigns, and school-based education programs significantly contributed to this decline. However, disparities persist, with certain demographic groups showing higher usage rates. These findings underscore the effectiveness of current public health strategies but also highlight the ongoing need for evidence-based interventions to sustain and accelerate progress. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Gurumurthy CDC Source : Published on : November 15, 2024 Tobacco, Public Health Interventions, Adolescents WHO allocates 899,000 Mpox vaccine doses to nine African nations amid surge The World Health Organization (WHO ) has allocated 899,000 mpox vaccine doses to nine African countries experiencing significant outbreaks . The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC ) will receive 85% of these doses, as it reports four out of every five laboratory-confirmed cases in Africa this year. Other recipient countries include the Central African Republic, Côte d’Ivoire, Kenya, Liberia, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, and Uganda. This initiative is part of the Access and Allocation Mechanism (AAM) for mpox, involving Africa CDC, CEPI, Gavi, UNICEF, and WHO, aiming to ensure equitable distribution of limited vaccine supplies . Donations from Canada, the European Union, and the United States have contributed to this allocation, emphasizing the importance of international collaboration in addressing public health emergencies. 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88-Headlines of the day (List) Public Health News Snippets 23 - 30th September, 2024 Mission Mausam 2024-2026 launched by Ministry of Earth Sciences In a significant step to address the climate crisis, aiming to reduce the impact of extreme weather changes and increase community resilience to climate change, the Ministry of Earth Sciences launched Mission Mausam in September 2024. The mission will be implemented by the India Meteorological Department, the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, and the National Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting. By 2026, the mission aims to: Establish an advanced weather surveillance system. Enhance the accuracy of weather forecasting across temporal and spatial scales. Develop data-driven methodologies for weather research and management. Strengthen capacity building in weather monitoring and forecasting. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Urmimala Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : September 27, 2024 Climate Change, Meteorology Frequent Use of Mobile Phones and Cardiovascular Events: Sleep Behavior, Stress, and Neuroticism A new study in the Canadian Journal of Cardiology links increased cell phone call time to a higher risk of cardiovascular events like stroke and heart failure. Poor sleep, psychological distress, and neuroticism (2.25%-11.50%) are significant drivers of this association. Regular cellphone users had a 4% higher risk of cardiovascular disease (hazard ratio [HR] 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.06) compared to non regular users. The risk increased with more time spent on calls. The risk is more pronounced in smokers (P for interaction 0.001) and people with diabetes (P for interaction 0.037). The study was conducted by analyzing data from a large cohort of 444,027 participants over a significant period of 12.3 years. Information of cellphone usage, including call duration was collected and monitored the participants’ health outcomes, particularly cardiovascular diseases like stroke and heart failure. The study is observational and cannot prove causation. They suggest focusing on overall healthy lifestyle habits to reduce cardiovascular risk. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Shubham Canadian Journal of Cardiology Source : Published on : September 27, 2024 Cell phone Usage Risks, Digital India Celebrates World Ozone Day: Montreal Protocol Key to Climate Action India marked World Ozone Day 2024 with a focus on the Montreal Protocol's critical role in both protecting the ozone layer and combating climate change. - The event focused on the theme "Montreal Protocol - Advancing Climate Actions", emphasizing the protocol's crucial role in both ozone layer protection and broader climate action initiatives. - Union Environment Secretary Ms. Leena Nandan highlighted India's strong commitment to the Montreal Protocol, with successful implementation of phase-out targets ahead of schedule. This has not only benefitted the ozone layer but also contributed significantly to global climate change efforts. - She also emphasized the importance of Prime Minister Modi's 'Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam' initiative, promoting a sustainable future and protecting the environment. - The event included the release of publications on sustainable cooling technologies and the launch of awareness campaigns to promote climate-friendly lifestyles. The celebration served as a reminder of the vital role of the Montreal Protocol in safeguarding the ozone layer and its impact on global climate action. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Shayari Press Information Bureau. Source : Published on : September 27, 2024 Climate Change, Environmental Health India Adopts BPaLM regimen for Treatment on Drug-Resistant TB India has the world's largest TB laboratory network and a dedicated National TB Elimination Program (NTEP). The NTEP has been working tirelessly to detect and treat TB patients, and the introduction of BPaLM is another key step in this fight. India has approved a new, shorter treatment regimen for Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), marking a significant step towards the country's goal of eliminating TB by 2025. - The new treatment, called BPaLM, combines four drugs: Bedaquiline, Pretomanid, Linezolid, and Moxifloxacin. - BPaLM is proven to be safer, more effective, and quicker than previous MDR-TB treatments, curing patients in just six months (compared to up to 20 months previously). - The introduction of BPaLM is expected to significantly accelerate India's progress towards its ambitious goal of ending TB. The government is committed to eliminating TB by 2025, five years ahead of the global target. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Shayari Press Information Bureau. Source : Published on : September 27, 2024 Tuberculosis, NTEP Monkeypox Case in India Confirmed: Isolated, Not Part of Global Emergency A suspected case of monkeypox in India has been confirmed as a travel-related infection. The individual, a young male, recently returned from a country experiencing active monkeypox transmission. - The patient has tested positive for the West African clade 2 of the Mpox virus, different from the strain currently causing a global health emergency. This strain has been seen in India previously, with 30 cases reported since July 2022. - The patient is isolated at a designated medical facility and is clinically stable with no serious health complications. - This case is an isolated incident, and there is currently no risk to the general public. - Authorities are conducting contact tracing and monitoring to prevent any potential spread. This case is not related to the current global monkeypox outbreak, which is primarily associated with clade 1 of the virus. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Shayari PIB Source : Published on : September 26, 2024 Monkeypox, Communicable Diseases Sanitation and Child Mortality in India: The Impact of the Swachh Bharat Mission India carries a significant burden of infant and child mortality, and improving sanitation is crucial to improving child survival. This study investigated the impact of the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM), India's ambitious sanitation program, on infant and under-five mortality rates (IMR and U5MR) from 2011 to 2020. - The researchers used data from 35 Indian states and 640 districts, analyzing changes in IMR, U5MR, and toilet access over time. - They employed two-way fixed effects regression models to control for confounding factors and estimate the association between toilet construction and child mortality. - The study found a strong inverse association between increased toilet access and child mortality in India. - Districts with over 30% of households receiving toilets under SBM saw a 5.3 lower IMR and a 6.8 lower U5MR. - The study also used placebo, falsification, and robustness checks to support these findings. Improved sanitation programs, such as the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM), can significantly enhance population health, especially in developing countries. India's decrease in infant and child mortality rates after implementing SBM indicates that widespread access to toilets may have prevented between 60,000 and 70,000 infant deaths each year. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Shayari Scientific Reports Journal Source : Published on : September 26, 2024 Hygiene and Sanitation, Child Health NHA and IIT Kanpur Join Hands to Drive AI Innovation in Healthcare The National Health Authority (NHA) and IIT Kanpur have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to develop a digital public goods platform for Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare under the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) . This platform will include a federated learning system, an open benchmarking platform for comparing AI models, and a consent management system. The initiative, overseen by the NHA, aims to unlock AI’s potential for improving health outcomes, especially in disease diagnosis . According to the Union Health Secretary, the platform will enhance the accessibility of high-quality health data for researchers while ensuring privacy and security. The collaboration seeks to foster trust in AI healthcare applications and improve the efficiency of India’s healthcare system by addressing fragmented data access and creating reliable benchmarks for AI models. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Dheenadhayalan V Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : September 26, 2024 Artificial Intelligence, Digital Health Free health coverage for all 70+senior citizens under Ayushman Bharat - A welcome move! AB PM-JAY(Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana ) world’s largest publicly funded health assurance scheme is now expanded to cover all the senior citizens aged 70 years and above, irrespective of their socio economic status . The eligible senior citizens would be issued a new distinct card Approximately 4.5 crore families will benefit from the scheme, providing ₹5 lakh health insurance per family. Senior citizens in families already covered under AB PM-JAY will receive an additional top-up cover of ₹5 lakh for themselves. Private health insurance holders and ESIC members are also eligible. Beneficiaries of schemes such as CGHS(Central Government Health Scheme), ECHS(Ex-Servicemen Contributory Health Scheme), and CAPF(Ayushman Central Armed Police Force ) may opt for AB PM-JAY or retain their existing schemes. The scheme has already benefited 55 crore people and covered 7.37 crore hospital admissions , including 49% women beneficiaries Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Dheenadhayalan V Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : September 25, 2024 Universal Health Coverage, Health Insurance Building resilient rural economies: NITI Aayog’s focus on livelihoods NITI Aayog held a National Seminar on 'Sustainable Rural Livelihoods '. The seminar highlighted key issues like market linkages, resilient agriculture , and rural entrepreneurship .. Discussions stressed India's growth potential through SMART Villages and inclusive rural economies, focusing on financial inclusion, job creation, and decentralized community-led initiatives ,also highlighted the importance of Gram Panchayats, women-led institutions, and civil society in driving rural progress. Experts emphasized on climate vulnerabilities and the need for a comprehensive groundwater law. The seminar advocated for empowering rural communities , connecting producers to larger markets, and expanding employment in emerging sectors such as construction and green economies Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Dheenadhayalan V Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : September 25, 2024 Rural Development, Government Launched 'SUBHADRA' Scheme for Women Empowerment in Odisha The Prime Minister introduced the 'SUBHADRA' scheme in Bhubaneswar, targeting single women. Fund transfers were initiated for more than 10 lakh women as part of the scheme. He released the first installment of assistance for nearly 10 lakh beneficiaries under the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) across 14 states. The Awaas+ 2024 App was launched to facilitate surveys of additional households for PMAY. He emphasized welfare initiatives for Dalits and tribal communities through the PM Janman Yojana. The Vishwakarma Yojana was introduced to preserve traditional skills, offering financial assistance and training for artisans. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Anamika Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : September 25, 2024 Women empowerment, government schemes ACIP Recommendations for 2024–2025 COVID-19 Vaccination: Efficacy, Cost-Effectiveness, and Target Strains The report provides guidance for the 2024–2025 COVID-19 vaccination strategy from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). The methodology included reviewing data in 40 public meetings since June 2020. ACIP assessed vaccine efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness using the GRADE system. The analysis found that updated vaccines offer moderate protection against severe disease, hospitalization, and death, although their effectiveness diminishes over time. Vaccination is advised for everyone aged six months and older, with special focus on high-risk populations such as the elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Economic evaluations show that vaccines are most cost-effective for those aged 65 and older. The report concludes that the 2024–2025 vaccines, which target the currently circulating Omicron strains (JN.1 and KP.2), are essential for ongoing protection and reducing severe outcomes, with a priority on ensuring equitable access Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Chinmay Center for Disease Control Source : Published on : September 25, 2024 MMWR, COVID VACCINATION The Impact of an Inflatable Colon Exhibit on Colorectal Cancer Awareness The research evaluated the impact of an inflatable colon exhibit on colorectal cancer (CRC) knowledge and screening intentions among 940 men at two state fairs in the Midwest in 2023. Using an observational cohort design, participants completed a presurvey, walked through the inflatable colon, and then completed a postsurvey. The surveys assessed changes in both actual and perceived knowledge of CRC and intentions to undergo screening. Results revealed a notable improvement in understanding key CRC concepts, such as the role of polyp removal in cancer prevention. Men over 45 had higher factual knowledge but lower perceived awareness. A majority (95.4%) found the exhibit to be an effective educational tool. The study concluded that community-based efforts, like the inflatable colon, are effective in boosting CRC knowledge and encouraging screening. It highlights the importance of using state fairs and similar events to reach underserved groups and promote early cancer detection. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Chinmay Center For Disease Control Source : Published on : September 25, 2024 Colorectal cancer, Research study, international health news Biotech policy and Vigyan Dhara: The Centre’s steps to strengthen innovation The Union cabinet recently approved a biotech policy to create high-performing manufacturing. The policy, Biotechnology for Economy, Environment and Employment (BioE3) , will accelerate innovation-driven support for green growth and the bio-economy and help India achieve its “Zero emissions by 2070” goal. Under this, biomanufacturing sites, Bio-A1 hubs, and bio-foundries will be established , which will subsequently increase employment opportunities. The cabinet also approved the continuation of three schemes that worked on institutional and human capacity building, research and development, and technology deployment. The three schemes will now be merged into one central scheme, “Vigyan Dhara ,” to ensure efficient fund utilization and will establish synchronization of the three schemes. Content Editor: Dr Swathi Shenoy Social trends Source : Published on : September 20, 2024 Innovation, Research and development Ministry of Women and Child Development wins National Award for Poshan Tracker Initiative The Ministry of Women and Child Development has been recognized for its innovative approach to improving child nutrition with the National Award for e-Governance 2024 (Gold) for its Poshan Tracker initiative. This digital tool, a key component of Mission Poshan 2.0, is revolutionizing how India tracks and addresses child malnutrition. The Poshan Tracker is making a difference through via various measures: : The Poshan Tracker utilizes Growth Measuring Devices (GMD) at Anganwadi Centers to collect accurate data on children's growth. This data is then entered into the system, allowing for real-time monitoring of each child's progress. Early identification: By comparing children's growth data with WHO standards, the Tracker identifies potential nutritional issues early on, enabling targeted interventions. The program empowers Anganwadi Workers to provide personalized support and nutritional counselling to children at risk. The Poshan Tracker is a testament to the power of technology in promoting child health and well-being. It has proven to be an invaluable tool in India's fight against malnutrition. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Shayari Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : September 17, 2024 Nutrition, ICDS, Poshan Maah FDA approves first Nasal Spray for Emergency Allergic Reactions The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Neffy, a novel epinephrine nasal spray, for the treatment of emergency allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. This marks a significant advancement in the management of severe allergies, offering an alternative to traditional injectable epinephrine. Key Features of Neffy include: It is approved for adults and children who weigh at least 66 lbs. The FDA fast-tracked the approval based on studies showing comparable levels of epinephrine in the blood after using the spray or injection. Neffy is administered with a single spray in one nostril, with a second dose recommended if symptoms don't improve. Possible side effects include throat irritation, tingling in the nose, and headaches. The FDA's announcement emphasizes the crucial need addressed by neffy, as individuals, particularly children, often delay seeking emergency treatment due to a fear of injections. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Shayari JAMA Source : Published on : September 17, 2024 Allergy Management , FDA Australian Government’s step towards equity: Increasing the insurance coverage Genetic testing is a method to identify genetic defects, which is a form of primary and secondary prevention. However, in Australia, individuals are hesitant to undergo these tests due to the subsequent discrimination they may face if the test results come back positive. The test results are to be mandatorily disclosed when applying for insurance and are often denied coverage based on the results. The Australian Government on Wednesday will announce a ban on this discrimination and eliminate the mandatory disclosure of genetic test results in insurance applications. This move aims to alleviate the fear of being denied coverage and encourage individuals to undergo genetic testing. Content Editor: Dr. Swathi Social trends Source : Published on : September 17, 2024 Insurance, Health, Universal health coverage Mental Health Initiative by the Delhi Government for healthy minds among School Children The Mental Health Initiative” was launched by the Delhi Commission for Protection of Child Rights in June 2020 for school students. The initiative aims to provide better health services to school students, contributing to a healthy mind, society, and a healthy nation. The Education Minister has assigned the Directorate of Education to draft a blueprint for including comprehensive counseling services in schools. A pilot involving 20,000 children was conducted across 20 government schools, wherein the children received counseling. Educational and Vocational Guidance Counselors (EVGC) and school psychologists provided support to help students maintain their mental health. Through these efforts, it has been observed how timely counseling can meet students’ mental health needs and reconnect them with their studies. Content Editor: Dr. Swathi Social trends Source : Published on : September 17, 2024 Mental health, Healthy mind, Adolescents NITI Aayog’s Pandemic Preparedness and Emergency Response Framework (PPER) The expert groups at NITI Ayog analyzed the COVID-19 situation in India and has come up with recommendations in the form of the Pandemic Preparedness and Emergency Response Framework (PPER) for action. The PPER emphasizes the importance of the first 100 days of an outbreak of a new pathogen and the need to develop a robust system capable of making strategic decisions and actions. The recommendation are framed under four pillars: 1. Governance, Legislation, Finance and Management : The expert group recommends the enactment of a Public Health Emergency Act Establishment of an empowered governance framework for public health response and a continuous monitoring group Preparing a plan for action for rapid response Initiating a PPER fund for all activities concerning preparedness and response. 2. Surveillance, Management of Data and Early Predictive Warning : A robust surveillance network linking data on human, animal and environment in the form of epidemiologic, genomic and clinical data Setting up more BSL3 and BSL4 laboratories for priority and unknown pathogens Leveraging Forecasting and Modelling for early prediction of emerging threats 3. Research and Innovation, Infrastructure, Capacity building : Developing countermeasures based on Research on priority pathogens Expanding production capabilities for drugs, vaccines, and diagnostic tools Strengthening supply chain and logistic management through infrastructure development and robust action plan for countermeasures Establishing institutes of innovation for research on diagnosis and management and for appropriate human capacity building. 4. Partnership, Community engagement and risk communication : Developing strategic plan for risk communication and community engagement Collaborating with private sector and international organizations. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Urmimala NITI Aayog Source : Published on : September 17, 2024 Public Health Preparedness, Pandemic Response, COVID-19 N-SPRITE Center at NIMHANS to collaborate with Karnataka Government The NIMHANS Suicide Prevention, Research, Implementation, and Training Engagement Centre (N-SPRITE) was inaugurated at NIMHANS in collaboration with the Department of Health, Government of Karnataka, on World Suicide Prevention Day. This centre aims to develop an effective Suicide Prevention Program and aligns with various mental health initiatives under the Karnataka government, such as the Karnataka Brain Health Initiative, the District Mental Health Programme, and other mental health schemes. N-SPRITE focuses on integrating mental health into public health services, with its primary objectives being the capacity building of healthcare workers and researchers in suicide prevention, using community-based and evidence-driven research. During the inauguration, exhibitions highlighted mental health initiatives led by Dr. Cherian, the head of N-SPRITE. These included digital mental health evaluations, self-harm registers and assessments, workplace mental health programs, and suicide prevention measures Content Editor: Dr. Urmimala Social Trends Source : Published on : September 17, 2024 Mental Health, Suicide Prevention Day, NIMHANS Polio vaccination coverage in Pakistan: Update from January 2023- June 2024 In 2023, Pakistan achieved an 86% national coverage rate for the third dose of the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) and the inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV). However, a survey indicated stark provincial differences, with routine OPV coverage ranging from 45.1% in Balochistan to 94.9% in Punjab. Provinces like Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Balochistan, and Sindh struggled to reach 80% coverage. Polio Supplementary Immunization Activities (SIAs) conducted in 2023 involved three National Immunization Days (NIDs) and seven Subnational Immunization Days (SNIDs). The SIAs were impacted by security challenges and community boycotts, particularly in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, where over 700,000 children were missed. Poliovirus surveillance in Pakistan remains robust, with environmental sampling detecting wild poliovirus (WPV1) in various provinces , indicating its continued circulation. Eight WPV1 cases were reported in 2024, compared to six in 2023. Efforts to enhance vaccination and surveillance are ongoing despite logistical hurdles, aiming to curb polio transmission in high-risk areas. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Manjeet Center for Disease Control and Prevention Source : Published on : September 14, 2024 Polio, Immunization, Surveillance, Public health State-level household energy insecurity linked to higher diabetes prevalence: Study findings Researchers utilized state-level data on household energy characteristics and diabetes diagnosis to investigate the relationship between household energy insecurity and diabetes prevalence in 2020 . Energy insecurity, which includes challenges such as forgoing food or medication to pay energy bills and living in unhealthy temperatures due to cost, was found to be more prevalent in southern states. The findings showed that households experiencing energy insecurity were more likely to have members diagnosed with diabetes . Southern states, including Mississippi, Alabama, and Texas, exhibited some of the highest rates of both energy insecurity and diabetes. The researchers emphasized the potential benefits of interventions focused on energy assistance, suggesting that such measures could help reduce the burden of diabetes management and complications during extreme weather conditions. These insights could shape future policies targeting both energy security and public health. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Manjeet Center for Disease Control and Prevention Source : Published on : September 14, 2024 Noncommunicable diseases, Energy, Risk factors, Research findings Epidemiological study of Mpox outbreak: Understanding the complexities of control In January 2023, a suspected mpox case in South Ubangi Province, DRC, was linked to cross-border travel from the Central African Republic (CAR). The index case, a man from Bangui, CAR, who frequently traveled between CAR and the DRC(Democratic Republic of Congo), fell ill with fever, headache, chills, and a rash after potential exposure to wildlife meat. He died in Mbaya General Reference Hospital nine days later. Contact tracing revealed two clusters: the first, linked to CAR, involved three symptomatic family contacts, with two testing positive for the MPXV genome. The second cluster, identified in the same hospital, included three suspected cases with no direct link to the first cluster but had temporal and spatial connections. Phylogenetic analysis of MPXV sequences from the clusters showed that all cases belonged to clade I a and were related to historical CAR cases, though direct links between CAR and DRC were inconclusive. The investigation also identified 109 suspected cases in the DRC from January to November 2023, with 56% confirmed positive for MPXV. The study underscores the complexity of managing mpox with zoonotic and human-to-human transmission dynamics, highlighting the need for improved regional surveillance, international cooperation, and addressing challenges like porous borders, disease stigma, and population displacement. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Sangya Center for Disease Control and Prevention Source : Published on : September 14, 2024 International Health News, International Outbreak, Mpox Comparative effectiveness of Apixaban and Warfarin: A real-world emulation of the ARISTOTLE trial Researchers led by Emma Maud Powell at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine emulated the ARISTOTLE(Apixaban for the Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation) trial to compare the effectiveness of apixaban and warfarin in stroke prevention for patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. The study used data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum , which includes primary care records, linked hospital admissions, and mortality data , including an equal number of (8734) apixaban and warfarin users. Apixaban showed noninferiority to warfarin for stroke/systemic embolism (hazard ratio [HR] 0.98; 95% CI: 0.82–1.19), similar to ARISTOTLE’s results but without confirming Apixaban’s superiority. The study successfully confirms apixaban’s noninferiority to warfarin but not its superiority. The results differed from those of the original trial due to the higher quality of warfarin control, suboptimal dosing of apixaban, and demographic differences. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Sangya PLoS Medicine Source : Published on : September 14, 2024 Research Findings, Noncommunicable diseases, Clinical trial Declining psychological well-being: An early indicator of cognitive impairment in older adults The study explored the trajectories of psychological well-being in older adults preceding the development of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. It aimed to understand how psychological well-being and its components change over time in individuals who transition from being cognitively healthy to experiencing MCI and dementia. Poor psychological well-being is linked to increased dementia risk, but changes over time are unclear. The study followed 910 cognitively intact older adults for up to 14 years , measuring psychological well-being and its components annually. Those who developed mild cognitive impairment (MCI) experienced faster declines in overall psychological well-being, noticeable two years before diagnosis. Specific components like purpose in life and personal growth declined earlier: 3 years and 6 years before MCI diagnosis, respectively. After the MCI diagnosis, most well-being components declined at similar rates , except for "positive relations with others," which declined faster. Content Editor: Dr. Prachi JAMA Network Source : Published on : September 13, 2024 Older adults, Mental health, Cognition 7th Rashtriya Poshan Maah: Focus on addressing nutrition holistically The 7th Rashtriya Poshan Maah launched on 31st August 2024, focuses on anemia, Growth Monitoring, Complementary Feeding, Poshan Bhi Padhai Bhi, and Technology for better governance. Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam promoted environmental sustainability through plantations at 13.95 lakhs Anganwadi centers. Key activity breakdown: 39 lakhs on anemia, 27 lakhs on Growth Monitoring, 20 lakhs on Complementary Feeding, and 18.5 lakhs on Poshan Bhi Padhai Bhi. One key focus area, Technology for Better Governance, aims to help effectively implement and monitor nutrition indicators linked to the ICT application Poshan Tracker. The ministries of Education, Health, Rural Development, Ayush, and Panchayati Raj significantly contributed to Poshan Maah activities, including anemia camps, growth monitoring, complementary feeding, and environmental protection outreach. The campaign emphasizes reaching remote areas under the theme "Suposhit Kishori Sashakt Nari". Content Editor: Dr. Prachi Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : September 13, 2024 Nutrition, Reproductive health, Anemia, Growth National conference on 'Universal access to healthcare: Digital solutions' A National Conference on 'Universal Access to Healthcare: Digital Solutions' was held in New Delhi. The conference focussed on optimizing technology for Universal Health Coverage. With WHO, India will launch the Global Initiative on Digital Health (GIDH) . There are also plans for life-long health records for every individual, in addition to the U-Win App for recording newborns' and mothers' vaccinations. National Health Claims Exchange gateway would be launched under the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission. The conference emphasized on: Protecting human rights in digital health Bridging the digital gap Using technology to reduce healthcare costs AI's potential in healthcare data analysis Notable models such as the Digital Nerve Centre (DiNC) in Kolar, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh's Telemedicine Programme were also discussed. Content Editor: Dr. Prachi Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : September 13, 2024 Healthcare technology, Digital health AI in healthcare: Bridging medicine and engineering Avenues for collaboration between AI, clinical sciences, and basic sciences in addressing India's overloaded healthcare facilities and improving access to care was discussed . Professor Abhay Karandikar, Secretary of the Department of Science and Technology (DST), highlighted the potential of the National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems (NM-ICPS) to transform healthcare by harnessing India’s extensive data sets Distinguished professionals, provided invaluable insights on integrating AI with healthcare to tackle pressing medical challenges. The event featured interactive sessions on the perspectives of AI in healthcare from both the medical and engineering communities, offering attendees a comprehensive understanding of AI’s potential in healthcare. The conference, jointly organized by DST and five Technology Innovation Hubs (TiHs) under NM-ICPS, co-supported by AIIMS Delhi, aimed to identify key healthcare challenges, foster interdisciplinary collaboration, and explore practical implementations. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Sathya Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : September 13, 2024 AI, Health care, Technology, Innovation Launch of the ‘Jal Sanchay Jan Bhagidari’ Initiative Prime Minister Modi stressed that conserving water is a vital responsibility and is deeply ingrained in India’s cultural values. He underscored the importance of public involvement in these efforts. The government has made notable progress in water conservation through programs such as Jal Jeevan Mission , Jalshakti Abhiyan , and Namami Gange . These initiatives leverage community partnerships and modern technologies to achieve their objectives. Future Vision : Prime Minister Modi called for immediate action on water conservation, advocating the principles of ‘Reduce, Reuse, Recharge, and Recycle ’ to ensure a sustainable water future for the nation. This initiative marks a significant step towards enhancing water sustainability in India. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Sathya Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : September 13, 2024 Water conservation, Rain water harvesting The ambitious mass Polio vaccination drive in Gaza Abdul Rahman Abu Al-Jidyan, an 11 month old boy, who presented with the complaints of paralysis of both limbs, is the first confirmed case of Polio in the last 25 years detected in Gaza. The campaign involving 2700 healthworkers, aims to immunize 640,000 children in Gaza. 2 drops of the novel oral polio vaccine type 2 (nOPV2) will be administered to children under 10 years It has been rolled out in 3 phases: Central Gaza: September 1-3 187,000 children were immunized, crossing the initial target of 1,57000. Conducted by 513 teams, consisting of over 2180 health and community outreach workers. Vaccination was provided at 143 fixed sites while mobile teams visited tents and hard to-reach areas and special missions were sent to areas just outside of the agreed zone for the humanitarian pause. Southern Gaza: September 5-8, extended for 1 day. Targets 340000 children. Some 517 teams, including 384 mobile teams, will be deployed. Nouthern Gaza: September 9-12 Targets 150000 children. In order to prevent re-emergence and international spread of disease a 90% vaccination coverage during each round is needed. Possible reasons for the re-emergence of the disease include interruption of routine immunization services and insanitary living conditions as a result of the war. Both sides of the war have agreed for a ceasefire between 6 am to 9 pm everyday to allow health centres to carry out the campaign. A demarcated humanitarian corridor has been identified for the ceasefire where uninterrupted vaccination drives can be undertaken. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Tanya World Health Organization Source : Published on : September 12, 2024 Polio, Disaster Management, World Health Organization, Communicable Diseases CDC reports first human case of Bird Flu without animal exposure in Missouri The present case is the 14th human case of Bird Flu reported in the United States during 2024 and the first case of H5 without known occupational exposure to sick or infected animals. The neuraminidase segment is still pending identification. This is the first time the US National Flu Surveillance System has detected a case of H5. The CDC is currently actively monitoring the Influenza Surveillance Systems to identify new or missed cases of Avian Influenza. The CDC recommendations and guidelines regarding the detection and tackling of H5N1 cases remain unchanged at present. Points of Concern: Lack of an obvious animal exposure. No onward transmission to contacts. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Tanya Centre for Disease Control Source : Published on : September 12, 2024 Bird Flu, Communicable Diseases, Avian Influenza, Influenza National Strategy for prevention of unintentional injury- Road crashes account for over 43% deaths The Ministry of Health released a study titled "National Strategy for prevention of unintentional injury" at the "Safety 2024" conference. The study was introduced during the 15th World Conference on Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion in 2024. The conference aimed to improve coordination, strengthen research, integrate injury prevention with global health agendas, empower communities, and promote informed policymaking. Over 43% of deaths from unintentional injuries between 2016 and 2022 were due to road crashes, with 45.1% in 2022 alone with overspeeding being the primary cause. Nearly 75% of victims were aged 18-60, the most productive period of life. Gender Disparity: The mortality ratio for road traffic injuries is approximately 86% for males and 14% for females. The number of drowning deaths increased from 29,721 in 2016 to 38,503 in 2022, with 73% caused by accidental falls into water bodies. Other significant causes of unintentional injury deaths include drowning, falls, poisoning, and burns. Rural areas experience a higher rate of road traffic injury fatalities compared to urban areas. Click here to read more Content editor: Dr. Shubham Ministry of Road Transport and Highways Source : Published on : September 12, 2024 Unintentional injury, Road- traffic accident Delhi's sex ratio at birth declines 3rd consecutive year- An increase in prenatal sex testing? For the third year in a row, Delhi's birth rate has decreased: from 929 in 2022 to 922 females for every 1,000 males in 2023. While the death rate in Delhi climbed little from 6.07 to 6.16, the birth rate improved from 14.24 per thousand in 2022 to 14.66 in 2023. The sex ratio had improved significantly in the past, reaching 1004 females per 1000 males in 2008, but has been declining since 2020. This trend about the decline in the sex ratio has alarmed health experts, suggesting an increase in prenatal sex determination tests and calling for stricter enforcement of related laws. In the last three years, just 19 cases have been filed under the PCPNDT Act. Experts have also raised concern and the high number of deaths due to septicaemia, urging stricter health policies to be implemented. Together, the rates of maternal and infant mortality declined marginally in 2023, reaching 23.61 and 23.61 per 1,000 live births, respectively. Content Editor: Dr. Shubham Directorate of Economics and Statistics Source : Published on : September 12, 2024 Population, Demography, Sex Ratio, Infacticide, PCPNDT Alarmingly high prevalence of TB among healthcare workers in India Owing to limited data on Tuberculosis(TB) in Healthcare workers, researchers conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the data from cross-sectional studies on Healthcare workers with tuberculosis. 10 studies met the inclusion criteria of which four were conducted in the northern part, four in southern India, while two in Maharashtra. The results of the study are: - The pooled prevalence of TB was found to be 2391.62 (1415.58, 3601.34) cases per 100,000 healthcare workers. - There was significant heterogeneity among the studies. - Doctors, nurses and laboratory technicians had a prevalence of 2006.18, 2726.83 and 6468.31 per 100,000 individuals, respectively. There was wide variation in the total sample size of each profession. - Frequent contact with patients with tuberculosis increases the occupational risk of acquiring infection. - Inadequate infection control measures, improper use of personal protective equipment, poor nutrition and work stress has been attributed as causes of increased susceptibility to infection. The study recommends mandatory training and programs of healthcare workers on TB prevention practices. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Urmimala Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease Source : Published on : September 12, 2024 Tuberculosis, Systematic review and Meta-analysis, Research findings Exclusive use of LPG gas: The health and economic benefits Using the Air Pollution Burden of Disease Explorer tool the researchers at “Vital Strategies”, a global organization for Public Health, estimated changes in rates of morbidity and mortality following interventions aimed at reducing air pollution in houses where unclean fuel is being used. Baseline estimates were taken from the “2017 Global Burden of Disease and Comparative Risk Assessment” on data related to rates of illnesses like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ischemic heart disease, diabetes etc., and their relationship with PM 2.5. The study concluded that the introduction and consistent use of LPG in households previously reliant on unclean fuels could potentially prevent around 150,000 deaths annually, even if other sources of air pollution remain unchanged. Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and West Bengal contribute to half of the mortality and morbidity due to household air pollution. The state-wise analysis includes those families who i) are registered with Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) but donot use it exclusively; ii) those who are not beneficiaries of PMUY. Targeted subsidies for households with pregnant women were found to be cost-effective with a cost-benefit ratio of <1, indicating economic benefit in addition to the health benefits. This result was based on the analysis of four scenarios: Full subsidy provision for eight annual refills to all households Partial subsidy provision for eight annual refills to all households Full subsidy provision for households with pregnant women Targeted partial subsidy provision for households with pregnant women. The above study emphasises on the need to overcome the problems faced in implementing the PMUY owing to its health and economic benefits on exclusive use of LPG gas Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Urmimala Vital Strategies Source : Published on : September 12, 2024 Air Pollution, Health Economics, Study Findings Sports and Physical Activity in India: More than 200 million are inactive! The State of Sports and Physical Activity (SAPA) in India report was released recently which analyzed primary and secondary data to assess the current state of SAPA in India. A total of 3500 adults and 1500 adolescents across four states (UP, Maharashtra, Odisha, and Tamil Nadu) were included in the study. Around 16 focus group discussions with parents, Physical Education teachers, and school children was conducted. It reports that more than 200 million Indians are inactive based on WHO recommendations for physical activity. The major reason for this inactivity were, 67% of students report that their school does not have basic sports equipment 21% report that their school does not have a playground 48% of older adults who believe they are too old to play or exercise The study provides data on the effects of a fully active India by 2047, on an individual and country level as follows: Boost India's GDP by over INR 15 trillion annually. Save more than INR 30 trillion in medical expenses by preventing 110 million cases of NCDs. Download the full report - Click here Content Editor : Dr. Swathi Shenoy Dalberg Advisors Source : Published on : September 11, 2024 Physical activity, Noncommunicable diseases, Lifestyle Modifications Committee on LGBTQI+ rights issues advisories to prevent discriminations against the queer community Supreme Court mandated formation of a committee on LGBTQI+ queer community rights last year. The Committee, in its first meeting, discussed issues like ration cards, joint bank accounts, and harassment prevention Sub-committee formed to address discrimination in social welfare, healthcare, and public services Ministry of Home Affairs issued advisories on prison visitation rights and protection from violence Stakeholder consultation was also held with LGBTQIA+ community representatives Interim actions taken were, Advisory on ration cards for queer couples to treat them as part of same household Guidelines for joint bank accounts and nominations allowing queer partners same rights Healthcare measures for LGBTQI+ rights such as access to healthcare, planning awareness activities, prohibition of conversion therapy, availability of sex reassignment surgery, changes in curricula, provision of tele consultation, sensitization and training Guidelines for medical interventions for children born intersex The Department of Social Justice and Empowerment is seeking public input on further policy development for Queer Community. Content Editor : Dr.Prachi Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : September 11, 2024 LGBTQI+, Queer Community Rights, Gender Equity Daily News Snippets Monthly Archives 01-10 February, 2024 View More 14-20 January, 2024 View More 19-25th November, 2024 (26) View More 23-31stOctober, 2023 (18) View More 28-31 January, 2024 View More 7-13 January, 2024 View More 5-11th November, 2023 (5) View More 15-21st October, 2023 (12) View More 21-27 January, 2024 View More 26-30th November, 2024 (20) View More 01-04th November, 2023(4) View More 08-14th October, 2023 (5) View More 24-30th September, 2023 (5) View More 01-09th September, 2023 (11) View More 13 - 19 th August , 2024 (5) View More 23-31st July, 2023 (28) View More 17-23rd September, 2023 (10) View More 27-31st August, 2024 (16) View More 6-12th August, 2024 (16) View More 16-22nd July, 2023 (9) View More 10-16th September, 2023 (9) View More 20-26th August, 2024 (20) View More 1-6th August, 2023 (25) View More 1-8th July, 2023 (5) View More Subscribe to get Latest Public Health Updates SUBSCRIBE

45-Headlines of the day (All) Public Health News Snippets 12-18th November, 2023 Compensation for animal bite victims Given the alarmingly high rates of stray animal bites and related fatalities, the high courts of some of the states have decided on the provision of compensation for the victims. The states involved in this decision are: Punjab Haryana Union Territory of Chandigarh This was in response to 193 pleas outlining the lack of any regulatory measures to control such incidences by the states. The justice ordered the formation of a committee by the state to decide the compensation to be paid to the victims who claim it. Any bite of stray cattle or animals, wild or pet animals, qualifies for compensation . The compensations in case of a dog bite are as follows: ₹10,000 for a teeth mark ₹20,000 for a 0.2 cm wound depth of flesh removed Content Editor: Dr Urmimala Maiti High Court of Punjab and Harayana Source : Published on : Thursday, November 23, 2023 One Health, Public Health Laws, Dog-bite Steps towards cleaner Yamuna In line with the six-point action plan to clean the Yamuna River by 2025, the Delhi government will soon commission two year-long studies. One study will focus on the levels of microplastics in river water compared to underground water. Bioaccumulation of microplastics has been postulated to cause genetic and organ dysfunction. The other will study foaming in river water. Foaming results from alarmingly high phosphate levels from toxic pollutants, leading to eutrophication and rendering the water devoid of dissolved oxygen. The studies aim to develop policy decisions for short and long-term solutions. Content Editor: Dr Urmimala Maiti Department of Environment, Government of NCT of Delhi Source : Published on : Thursday, November 23, 2023 Environmental Health, Water pollution Bangladesh conquers Kala-Azar menace A monumental achievement for Bangladesh: WHO validates sustained kala-azar reduction, with reported cases below 1 per 10,000 in all subdistricts for three consecutive years. Kala-Azar is caused by Leishmania spp. And is transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies. It threatens the rural areas with poverty, poor housing, and malnutrition. If left untreated, it can be fatal in over 95% of cases. In 2005, Bangladesh, India, and Nepal initiated the Regional Kala-Azar Elimination Initiative, which was further updated in 2012 for continued elimination efforts. Tools that were crucial in the early detection and treatment of kala-azar in remote places included: rK39 test Liposomal amphotericin B Miltefosine In 2022, there were only 47 kala-azar cases in Bangladesh and 1069 in the Southeast Asia Region, the historic lowest number till now. Further, Bangladesh eliminated lymphatic filariasis in May 2023, making it the first country to eliminate two tropical diseases in one year. Content Editor: Dr. Rashmi Verma WHO News Section Source : Published on : Wednesday, November 22, 2023 Kala Azar, Neglected Tropical Diseases Ixchiq - The first vaccine approved for Chikungunya virus The US FDA approved Ixchiq as the first vaccine against the Chikungunya virus for the 18-year-old and above age group. Chikungunya is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Southeast Asia, and America. Its threat is not only restricted to the acute symptoms but also to the chronic debilitating complications and fatal infection in newborns following mother-to-child transmission. The FDA approved the vaccine using the Accelerated Approval pathway based on Phase III clinical trial data. Six months after vaccination, the live-attenuated, single-dose vaccine demonstrated 96.3% seropositivity. The trial reported severe adverse reactions in some participants. It awaits a postmarketing trial to determine the seriousness of the reactions. Content Editor: Dr Urmimala Maiti US Food & Drug Administration Source : Published on : Wednesday, November 22, 2023 Vaccination, Chikungunya, Clinical Trial, Vector-borne diseases Red flag on safety of eyedrops The US Food and Drug Administration released a corporate announcement by Kilitch Healthcare India Limited on November 15, 2023. The announcement states that the company is voluntarily recalling adverse events reported by patients who have used any of its 26 different eye drops nationwide. The company has notified its distributors, wholesalers, and retailers to report any adverse events following the use of the eye drops, which have an expiration date of November 2023 to September 2025. As per the report, there has been an issue regarding sterilization during the manufacture of the products. Due to inadequate and ineffective sterilization, they carry the risk of spreading potential infections. Content Editor: Dr Urmimala Maiti US Food & Drug Administration Source : Published on : Wednesday, November 22, 2023 Drug safety, FDA Outbreak of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Pakistan "FluTrackers" is an infectious disease news message board. The board has been delivering reports of continuous CCHF hospitalizations since August, reporting 15 deaths until mid-October. On November 5, Flutrackers reported that the government of Balochistan had announced a red alert in the aftermath of 16 CCHF deaths in the region, including a doctor. Officials at the outbreak hospital have taken the following steps: Isolated the infected ward, Taken special precautions to disinfect all cattle markets in the province They have banned private animal slaughter in public areas for two weeks. Also, France reported the first CCHF finding in Hyalomma ticks in October in cattle. CCHF is a viral hemorrhagic fever spread by Hyalomma ticks that is endemic in Africa, the Balkans, the Middle East, and Asia. The disease currently has no vaccination or specific treatments and is highly fatal. Content Editor: Anubhav Mondal Centre for Infectious Disease Policy and Research Source : Published on : Wednesday, November 22, 2023 Epidemic, Viral outbreak, Viral hemorrhagic fever Riverine plastisphere: The new AMR reservoir? Researchers from the University of Warwick led a team that found that after being immersed in a river for a week, both new and old plastics carried opportunistic "microbial hitchhikers" and different sets of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Examples of these hitchhikers were organisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. Plastics operate as a reservoir for pathogenic bacteria, or ARGs, often exacerbated by their persistence in the environment due to their recalcitrance and buoyancy. The findings raise worries that the "riverine plastisphere" could act as an antibiotic resistance reservoir. However, the researchers note that it's too early to tell whether plastics can transmit infection-causing, antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Content Editor: Anubhav Mondal Centre for Infectious Disease Policy and Research Source : Published on : Wednesday, November 22, 2023 Microbial resistance, Water Pollution, AMR Launch of the "Impact well-being"- campaign to tackle healthcare workers burnout Impact Wellbeing is a new campaign launched by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). This campaign provides hospital leaders with evidence-based resources to improve workplace policies and practices. These will help: Reduce burnout Normalize help-seeking Strengthen professional well-being. Impact Wellbeing assists hospital executives and their healthcare workforce by providing concrete measures to: Fine-tune quality improvements Build new workflows Make employees feel safe seeking help Furthermore, hospital administrators can eliminate one of the most significant system impediments to healthcare worker well-being: intrusive mental health questions on hospital credentialing forms. For more than 50 years, NIOSH has provided methods and resources to workers and employers, including hospital management, in order to promote sustainable, safe workplaces. Content Editor:Anubhav Mondal Centre for Disease Control Source : Published on : Tuesday, November 21, 2023 Occupational health, well being Delhi govt has plans for the worsening air quality during and after Diwali. The Air Quality Index (AQI) of Delhi on November 13, 2023, was 358, categorized as "very poor" for the 24-hour average. The Air Quality Early Warning System predicts poorer air quality until November 14, 2023. As a regulatory measure, the Supreme Court ordered a ban on the sale of firecrackers in Delhi. Police patrolling to seize firecrackers and curb their sales reported violations of rules in many parts of Delhi. The odd-even vehicle rationing measure is on hold till further notice following the rains. The continued ban on construction and demolition activities in some areas has significantly impacted the lives of daily-wage laborers. Content Editor: Dr Urmimala Maiti The Commission for Air Quality Management in National Capital Region and Adjoining Areas Source : Published on : Tuesday, November 21, 2023 Environmental Health, Air Pollution, AQI South East Asia in Action Bangladesh has become the first country to eliminate the kala-azar. 70% of the global cases were observed in India, Bangladesh, and Nepal. India is next in queue to eliminate the kala-azar. Also, the Maldives was the first country to interrupt the transmission of leprosy. Achievements of the other Southeast Asian countries includes: 5 out of 11 member countries—Bhutan, DPR Korea, the Maldives, Sri Lanka, and Timor-Leste—have achieved the regional target of measles and rubella elimination. Korea opened an account recently by achieving 99.8% vaccine coverage. 4 out of 11 member countries—the Maldives, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Bangladesh—have eliminated lymphatic filariasis Nepal and Myanmar have eliminated trachoma. India has been verified as yaws-free. Content Editor: Dr. Ghurumourthy WHO News Section Source : Published on : Neglected Tropical disease, Infectious disease, Vaccine preventable disease Vaccine development: A 100-day mission The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) and Moderna, Inc. have formed a strategic alliance. This alliance will use Moderna's mRNA platform to expedite vaccine research against viral disease outbreaks that threaten global health. The collaboration's study could broaden the infectious disease targets for mRNA vaccine technology. This will also strengthen pandemic preparedness and public health activities in line with the 100-Day Mission. The 100-day mission aims to limit vaccine development to 100 days. mRNA technology has been identified as an essential driver of the 100 Days Mission due to its versatility as a rapid-response platform. mRNA technology can be leveraged to design and swiftly prepare novel vaccines for clinical testing and subsequent scale-up. This technology can potentially help in scaling up new vaccines within days of recognizing a new viral threat. Content Editor: Dr. Ghurumourthy moderna Source : Published on : Tuesday, November 21, 2023 Global health, Epidemics/outbreaks, Vaccine, mRNA COVID-19 and Cognition A longitudinal study was conducted using data from the PROTECT study on individuals aged 50 and above in the UK to examine the impact of the pandemic on cognitive abilities. Cognitive abilities were evaluated using a computerized neuropsychology battery. A significant decline in executive function and working memory was observed in the first year of the pandemic across all participants. Regression analysis revealed that this cognitive decline was significantly linked to Decreased physical activity Increased alcohol consumption Depression Feelings of loneliness. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant decrease in cognitive abilities in older adults, which is associated with changes in known risk factors for dementia. The persistent decline in cognitive abilities underscores the need for long-term interventions and support for cognitive health in older adults. The National Institute for Health and Care Research funded this study. Content Editor: Dr. Ghurumourthy The Lancet Source : Published on : Tuesday, November 21, 2023 Mental health, Elderly, COVID 19, Long Covid Daily News Snippets Monthly Archives 13 - 19 th August , 2024 (5) View More 23-31st July, 2023 (28) View More 25-30th June, 2023 (13 ) View More 1-10th June, 2023 (12 ) View More 6-12th August, 2024 (16) View More 16-22nd July, 2023 (9) View More 18-24th June, 2023 (11 ) View More 28-31st May, 2023 (3) View More 1-6th August, 2023 (25) View More 1-8th July, 2023 (5) View More 11-17th June, 2023 (7 ) View More 22-28th May, 2023 (7) View More March 27 - 31, 2023 (15) View More March 6 - 12, 2023 (24) View More February 23 - 25, 2023 (3) View More February 15 - 16, 2023 (8) View More March 20 - 25, 2023 (18) View More March 1 - 5, 2023 (8) View More February 20 - 22, 2023 (2) View More February 07 - 14, 2023 (5) View More March 13 - 18, 2023 (8) View More February 26 - 28, 2023 (15) View More February 17 - 19, 2023 (3) View More February 01 - 06, 2023 (5) View More Subscribe to get Latest Public Health Updates SUBSCRIBE

110-Headlines of the day (List) Public Health News Snippets 24-28th February 2025 NGT and UPPCB row over Ganga Water Quality Concerns at Maha Kumbh 2025 A recent National Green Tribunal report from Uttar Pradesh has raised alarm bells over the Ganga’s water quality ahead of the Maha Kumbh Mela. Findings reveal that the river water fails to meet the safety standards established by the C entral P ollution C ontrol B oard, with exceptionally high levels of faecal coliform bacteria detected. While some parameters remain within acceptable limits, the elevated bacterial contamination poses significant health risks for devotees and participants. The report urges authorities to adopt stringent remedial measures and continuous monitoring to ensure safe water conditions during the mega event. Experts emphasize the need for immediate pollution control interventions to restore the river’s ecological balance and protect public health. Content Editor: PHC Editor National Green Tribunal Source : Published on : February 27, 2025 Ganga water quality, NGT report, Maha Kumbh, CPCB, faecal coliform Selenium-Contaminated Wheat Linked to Baldness in Buldhana Dr Himmatrao Bawaskar, a Padma awardee physician, led a month-long investigation into a sudden outbreak of severe hair loss in Buldhana. It was found that wheat from Punjab , supplied to ration shops in Buldhana, contained dangerously high levels of selenium . Excessive selenium intake is linked to widespread baldness observed among residents. Experts revealed that the risk was further intensified by low zinc levels in individuals, a deficiency known to worsen hair loss. The incident has prompted investigations into the supply chain and quality control measures at local ration shops. Health officials are urging immediate testing and nutritional interventions to mitigate further health impacts. The case highlights the urgent need for stringent monitoring of food quality in public distribution systems . Ongoing investigation aims to clarify the impact and prevent future occurrences of similar issues. Content Editor: PHC Editor Indian Council of Medical Research Source : Published on : February 27, 2025 Selenium, Wheat, Zinc, Baldness, Heavy-Metal Poisoning "India's Path to Sustainable Growth: Highlights from the Economic Survey 2024-25" India’s vision for inclusive and sustainable development aligns with its ambition of becoming Viksit Bharat by 2047 , as highlighted in the Economic Survey 2024-25. Efficient coal use, advanced thermal power technologies, and nuclear energy are emphasized. India is progressing towards its NDC targets , achieving 46.8% installed capacity from non-fossil fuel sources . Net-zero emissions by 2070 require grid improvements, critical minerals, and climate finance support. Mission LiFE promotes mindful consumption, waste management, circular economy, and pro-environment behaviours. Content Editor: Dr Anamika Press Information Bureau of India Source : Published on : March 2, 2025 Sustainable development, renewable energy, climate resilience Economic Survey 2024-25: Mental Well-Being Key to Productivity and Growth The Economic Survey 2024-25 defines mental well-being as critical for navigating challenges and maintaining productivity. It highlights the impact of lifestyle choices, workplace culture, and family dynamics on mental health and economic productivity. The rising mental health issues among youth are linked to excessive internet and social media use. Regular consumption of junk food (HFSS), lack of exercise, and weak family connections worsen mental well-being. Hostile work cultures and long desk hours are identified as detrimental to mental health and economic growth. The Survey calls for school, family, and societal interventions to improve mental health outcomes and ensure sustainable economic growth. Content Editor: Dr Anamika Press Information Bureau of India Source : Published on : March 1, 2025 Mental Well-Being, Productivity, Economic Growth Guillain Barre Syndrome outbreak reaches Telangana Telangana reported its first case of Guillain Barre syndrome, currently affecting multiple states in India, when a 25-year-old woman from the Siddipet district was admitted to a private institution, KIMS Hospital in Hyderabad . This marks the first case reported from the state. The patient was initially treated at another hospital for a week before she was shifted due to her worsening condition. Doctors state that her condition is critical, and she is currently on ventilator support . The patient had no history of travel to Pune or any family history of similar illnesses. Content Editor: Dr Manu PHC Editorial Bureau Source : Published on : February 21, 2025 Outbreak, Surveillance, Guillain Barre Syndrome Reforming Labour Laws for Better Mental Well-being The Union Budget 2025-26 allocated ₹99,858.56 crore to MoH&FW, including ₹79.6 crore for Tele MANAS and increased NIMHANS funding . Despite this, blue-collar workers remain underserved due to policy gaps, unsafe work conditions, and stigma. Unlike corporate employees, they struggle to access mental health support due to job insecurity, long hours, and hazardous workplaces. The OSHWC Code (2020) covers only physical safety , while the CSC Code (2020) fails to recognize mental illness as an occupational disease , limiting compensation. With a 70-92% treatment gap, low-income workers are most affected. Labour laws must integrate mental health , ensuring compensation for work-related illness. Employers must regulate work hours, enforce mental health policies and promote Tele MANAS and counseling services. Expanding legal protections, employer accountability, and awareness will create safer, healthier workplaces for all. Content Editor: Dr M Kasif PHC Editorial Bureau Source : Published on : February 21, 2025 Mental health, SDG 3, Labour laws, Occupational health Need for New Law- For manufactured chemicals in protecting children’s health Safeguarding children’s health against synthetic chemicals requires a fundamental shift in chemical law to take a precautionary approach over unconstrained production. Fewer than 20% chemicals have been tested for toxicity, and it’s still fewer when it comes to toxic effects in infants and children. Unlike pharmaceuticals, synthetic chemicals have little assessment for health impacts and almost no post-marketing surveillance for long-term adverse effects. Most synthetic chemicals and products are produced from fossil fuels such as gas, oil and coal. Yet, they are subjected to few legal or policy constraints. There was a 50-fold increase since 1950, and it is projected to triple again by 2050 , which has led to widespread human exposure and environmental pollution, too. Association between chemicals and disease in children continue to rise with distressing frequency, with still many additional diseases undiscovered. Content Editor: Dr Soundhar The New England Journal of Medicine Source : Published on : February 20, 2025 Children’s health, environmental health, Health policy Obesity and it’s association with climate change According to researchers, in developing countries with a rise of 10 degrees C, there was a rise of 4% in the BMI of children and a 2% rise in BMI in women . It stated that BMI tends to increase at both low and high temperatures as there was a U-shaped relation between temperature and BMI. Impact of temperature on obesity is a long-term outcome, which also makes people to stay indoors and which in turn, leads to reduced physical inactivity . According to a 2019 Lancet commission report, climate change impacts plants’ protein and micronutrient content too, as elevated carbon dioxide levels have shown to reduce concentration in wheat, rice, potato, etc., by 10-15%. When people spend less time in cool temperatures, the body’s need for adaptive thermogenesis reduces, leading to less demand for energy, ultimately leading to obesity. According to the American Heart Association review of studies from 28 countries, today’s children are 15% less physically fit than their parents at the same age. Content Editor: Dr Soundhar JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH-GLOBAL HEALTH NOW Source : Published on : February 20, 2025 Climate change, obesity, global health, child health Report addressing misinformation about science Research on misinformation is being done in many disciplines, with each offering its definitions. It’s also important to note that the claims that are tagged as misinformation can evolve over time as new evidence accumulates. There are many sources of misinformation, and sometimes misinformation may be unintentional too. So, most of the work on the impact of misinformation focused on harm to individuals and much less to society. Intervention should be designed along four points, which resupply, demand, distribution and uptake , though most of the evidence comes from intervention on uptake of misinformation. Attention needs to be given to institutional aspects and to build capacity and capability to generate accurate information and to increase its supply, then to focus on censoring inaccurate information. Content Editor: Dr Soundhar HARVARD T.H.CHAN school Of Public Health Source : Published on : February 19, 2025 Misinformation, Health Policy, Health Research To focus on healthy habits instead of quick fixes for a longer life It was suggested that maintaining a healthy weight across life stages is critical for healthy aging and for improving both lifespan and health span . There were other science-backed strategies mentioned in the article such as dietary pattern which is high in healthy fats and vegetables and low in processed foods and sugar and to avoid smoking. It was also noted there was an association with weight loss and physical activity with the reduced chronic disease risk. So, Experts quoted in the article that focusing on sustainable changes such as making switching to making gradual healthier food based on personal and cultural factors and to find small opportunities for movement over course of the day. Content Editor: Dr Soundhar Harvard T.H. CHAN School of Public Health Source : Published on : February 19, 2025 Healthy aging, Diet habits, Lifestyle changes ‘Hospital at home’ Programs remain concentrated in larger, urban Not-for-profit and academic hospitals The ‘Hospital-at-home’ program was adopted from the Center for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS ) which was established in November 2020 allows hospitals to deliver care to patients in their own homes instead of traditional admission in hospital in case of acute illness. In the cross-sectional analysis of short-term acute care hospitals in the United States, the study compared hospitals that applied waivers between November 2022 and December 2022 (pre-extension hospitals) and those after that (post-extension hospitals). Study found that adoption of waiver remained concentrated in urban, not-for-profit and academic hospitals. Study implicated that if CMS wants to expand the reach of Hospital-at-Home, then work must be done to ensure and incorporate rural and non-teaching hospitals. It indicates that these types of hospitals are not seeking to create these programs on their own, because of resources involved in it to sustain their operation. Content Editor: Dr Soundhar Los Angeles Health Sciences Source : Published on : February 18, 2025 Health Program, International health, Health innovations WHOs Multi-Country Report : Mpox Ouutbreak WHO’s Multi-country External Situation Report No. 45 (January 11, 2025) outlines the ongoing global Mpox outbreak with a focus on clade Ib MPXV. In central Africa, the DRC, Burundi, and Uganda remain key hotspots, with community transmission and weekly case numbers of 100–200. For instance, the DRC recorded 2,464 cases (5 deaths) over six weeks, while Uganda and Burundi reported significant numbers, although December festivities likely reduced surveillance. Internationally, travel-associated cases emerged in 11 non-African countries, including instances in Germany, the UK, China, and others, with some countries like Tanzania and the UAE suspected of undetected spread. The report differentiates clade dynamics : clade Ia in the DRC is zoonotic but now increasingly human-transmitted ; clade Ib is spreading rapidly via human contact ; clade IIa is newly observed in West Africa; and clade IIb continues at low levels globally, primarily among MSM. Africa saw 14,700 cases (66 deaths) over one year amid shifting demographics. WHO emphasizes bolstering surveillance, vaccination (87,000 doses in the DRC, 4.83 million doses for 2025), and cross-border collaboration , deeming clades Ib and Ia high risk. Additionally, ongoing trials indicate limited efficacy of tecovirimat for mild cases, prompting updated infection prevention protocols and expanded decentralized testing in resource-constrained areas. Content Editor: Dr Chinmay World Health Organization Source : Published on : February 18, 2025 Mpox, WHO report, Outbreak Health concerns rise as two die from suspected Guillain Barre syndrome in Kolkata The West Bengal Health Department confirmed the deaths of two individuals aged 10 and 17 years to be due to Guillain Barre syndrome (GBS ). The first individual was a 17 year old adolescent from the North 24 Paraganas District. Though he passed away due to septic shock and myocarditis at NRS Medical College, Kolkata, doctors suspect that GBS was the underlying disease. The 10 year old child was admitted to BC Roy Hospital who hailed from Jagatdal in the North 24 Paraganas district. He died after receiving treatment for a week. On 29th January, a 48 year old man visited Dhaniakhali, Hooghly with symptoms of diarrhea for the past 4 days along with lower limb paralysis. He was put on oxygen due to respiratory issues, but was declared dead on arrival to Kolkata Medical college . The doctors suspected GBS in the case. This outbreak in Kolkata follows the outbreak in Pune affecting more than 100 people and is suspected to be due to contaminated water sources . Content Editor: Dr. Manu PHC Editorial Bureau Source : Published on : February 4, 2025 Outbreak, Surveillance, Guillain Barre Syndrome U.S. to Withdraw From WHO Over Alleged Bias and Funding Disparities President Donald Trump declared that the United States would exit from the World Health Organization (WHO ) within 12 months of January 20, 2025, citing concerns over its political influence and financial structure. Trump accused the WHO of acting under the “inappropriate political influence” of certain member states, particularly China. He claimed the organization mishandled global health crises, including COVID-19, by failing to act independently. The U.S., contributing 18% of WHO’s $6.8 billion budget, was its largest financial backer. Trump has criticized the unequal financial burden on the United States of America. This decision mirrors Trump’s attempt in 2020 to withdraw, citing similar concerns. The WHO denies allegations of bias and continues pressing China for data pertaining to the origin of COVID-19. The U.S. exit raises concerns about future global health funding and cooperation. Content Editor: Dr Mohammed Kasif PHC Editorial Bureau Source : Published on : February 4, 2025 Global health, Health funding, Pandemic response, World Health Organisation Targeted nutritional support to affected households can avert ~400,000 TB deaths by 2035 A recent modelling study conducted by researchers from London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London and Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore; published in Lancet Global health, has evaluated the cost-effectiveness of nutritional support for TB households in conjunction with impact of the intervention on further transmission of TB . The study estimated that about 900,000 TB episodes and around 400,000 fatalities can be prevented if India can implement nutritional support for all household contacts of TB patients in at least 50% of families where people are undergoing treatment for tuberculosis from 2023 to 2035. These figures correspond to preventing 2·2% (2·1–2·4) of all TB cases and 4·6% (4·2–5·5) of all TB fatalities. This proposed intervention would cost the nation around Rs.15k per DALYs prevented . The study also estimated that on the contrary nutritional support to only the patient undergoing TB treatment can avert 46700 new cases and 234,300 TB fatalities . Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. KH Reddy The Lancet Global Health Source : Published on : January 31, 2025 Tuberculosis, Infectious disease modelling, Nutrition, Health economics Pune Battles a Surge in Guillain-Barré Syndrome Cases The Pune Municipal Corporation, the Pimpri-Chinchiwad Municipal Corporation , and a few adjoining districts of Pune , Maharashtra, have reported about 127 cases of Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS ), with two suspected deaths and 20 patients on ventilators as of 30 January 2025. GBS is a rare autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks peripheral nerves, causing muscle weakness, numbness, and paralysis. Though its exact cause is unclear, it often follows viral or bacterial infections . The condition is more common in adults and males , with an incidence of 1–2 per 100,000 population. With cases rising, strengthened surveillance , early detection , and public awareness are crucial in managing the outbreak of GBS. The Union Ministry of Health & Family Welfare has deployed a team to assess the outbreak, while local health officials have surveyed over 25,500 households in affected areas. Postmortem and microbiological tests are being conducted to confirm the cause of death. Following this, local authorities have sent samples to the Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology (ICMR-NIV ) for further analysis. Content Editor: Dr. Mohammed Kasif Social Trends Source : Published on : January 30, 2025 Disease outbreak, Auto-immune disorder, Surveillance Pakistan detects the nation’s first Mpox case in 2025 The first case of Mpox in 2025 in Pakistan was detected at Peshawar airport in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. A 35-year-old man traveling from Dubai has been identified as the patient. The patient had reported symptoms of the disease and a recent travel history of visiting the Gulf countries . He was then transferred to the Police Services Hospital, where his samples were sent to the Public Health Reference Lab. His diagnosis was thus confirmed. The passenger’s flight details were also sent to the Peshawar Airport Manager to initiate contact tracing among the passengers of the same flight as the index case. This marks the 10th case of Mpox in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, with two cases seen in 2023, seven in 2024, and now one in 2025. Content Editor: Dr. Manu Social Trends Source : Published on : January 30, 2025 Outbreak, Surveillance, Mpox Outbreak due to unidentified toxic agent impacts Rajouri District in Jammu and Kashmir An outbreak that affected the Badhaal village in Rajouri district in Jammu and Kashmir led to 17 deaths, with over 38 people affected since December 2024. It has led to a multi-sectoral response by the State and Union governments to curb the outbreak. A Special Investigation Team (SIT ) led by the State police and supported by experts from the National Institute of Virology (NIV ), Pune, PGIMER Chandigarh, AIIMS, New Delhi, and National Centres for Disease Control (NCDC ), New Delhi was formed to investigate the possible causes. This was supplemented by an inter-ministerial team of experts from the M inistry of H ealth and F amily W elfare, the M inistry of A griculture & F armers’ W elfare, the M inistry of C hemicals and F ertilisers, and the M inistry of J al S hakti. Steps undertaken to control the outbreak - Active door-to-door surveillance has been carried out to screen residents for similar symptoms of high fever, body ache, vomiting, and unconsciousness , with 230 residents quarantined. Meanwhile, the police had also disallowed residents from drawing water from nearby wells and community feasting. Food is being supplied by the government under strict supervision. It seems to have been caused by an as-yet unidentified toxin . However, based on the symptoms, a neurotoxin is suspected after tests have turned out to be negative for all viruses, bacteria, or other pathogens. The search for the cause continues as rising deaths have led to the cancellation of leaves for healthcare staff in the district. Content Editor: Dr. Manu Social Trends Source : Published on : January 29, 2025 Outbreak Investigation, Epidemiology Empowering Sustainability: Remarkable Growth in India’s Renewable Energy Sector Non-Fossil Fuel Capacity: Total capacity, including nuclear energy reached 211.36 GW Solar Power: Showed the highest growth, with an increase of 20.1 GW (27.9%), rising from 72.02 GW to 92.12 GW and a total capacity of 250.57 GW when considering projects underway or tendered. Wind Energy: Grew by 7.8% rising from 44.29GW to 47.72GW Renewable Energy: Between April and October 2024, India added 12.6 GW of renewable energy capacity with 1.72GW added in October alone. Hydro and Nuclear Power: Hydropower contributed to 46.93 GW, while nuclear power accounted for 8.18 GW of the renewable energy mix. The expansion of renewable energy projects under implementation and tendered further accelerates India’s transition towards clean energy, reinforcing its commitment to sustainable development. Content Editor: Dr. Anubhav Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : January 29, 2025 Environment, Non fossil fuels, Fossil fuels, Sustainability Return of fluorosis in Nalgonda sparks concerns Following reports of cases of dental fluorosis detected in Marriguda Mandal of Nalgonda District, Hyderabad , the Department of Medicine and Health, Karnataka launched a household survey to identify cases of fluorosis in the district. Conducted by Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs), it was a door to door, household survey that covered over 34,800 contacts that tried to identify fluorosis symptoms in elderly and children . Over 100-150 cases of dental fluorosis and multiple cases of skeletal fluorosis were identified in the target age groups. This suggests a risk of relapse of fluorosis in a region that was free from the burden since 2020. The Nalgonda district has historically suffered from this scourge with over 1180 mandals affected. Mission Bhagirathi , launched in 2015 by the previous Karnataka government to supply potable water via taps was a successful initiative that ended the spread of cases. Authorities and activists have blamed faulty management of the water supply along with a use of groundwater rich in fluoride by reverse osmosis(RO) plants that led to consumption of rice and vegetables contaminated with fluoride rich water. In response, the government will analyze the survey data and plan further implementation of corrective measures. Content Editor: Dr. Manu District Flouride Monitoring Committee, Government of Telangana Source : Published on : January 28, 2025 Nutrition, Surveys, Water Pollution, Fluorosis Innovative Mango-flavored Tablet Shows Promise in Combating Intestinal Worm Infections A randomized trial published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases revealed that a mango-flavored tablet combining ivermectin and albendazole is more effective against soil-transmitted helminth (STH ) infections, especially Trichuris trichiura (whipworm), than albendazole alone. The study, involving 1,001 children in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Mozambique, showed cure rates of 97.2% for a three-dose regimen (FDCx3) and 82.9% for a single dose (FDCx1) , compared to 35.9% for albendazole alone . The treatment was safe, with mild gastrointestinal side effects resolving within 48 hours, and was well-accepted by children for its taste, smell, and texture. The fixed-dose combination (FDC ) also holds promise for treating Strongyloides stercoralis , which is resistant to albendazole but responsive to ivermectin. Researchers believe this FDC could enhance STH control efforts, supporting mass de-worming programs and individual treatments, potentially redefining global elimination goals. Further studies are planned to evaluate its broader implementation in endemic regions Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Chinmay Lancet Source : Published on : January 28, 2025 Randomised Control Trial, Infectious Disease, New Drug, International Health News Marburg Virus Outbreak Suspected in Tanzania: WHO Issues Regional Alert The WHO has reported a suspected Marburg virus outbreak in Tanzania’s Kagera region, which experienced a similar outbreak in 2023. As of January 11, nine suspected cases, including eight deaths, have been identified. With healthcare workers among those affected, it underscores the risk of transmission in medical settings. Patients displayed symptoms like fever, headache, muscle pain, and bloody vomiting . Samples from two cases are under testing, with results pending. Kagera, near Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi, is a transit hub, raising concerns about cross-border spread . The WHO rates the risk to Tanzania and the region as high due to the virus’s lethality and unknown origin but considers global risk low . No approved vaccines or treatments exist, complicating containment efforts. Content Editor: Dr. Chinmay Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy (CIDRAP) Source : Published on : January 27, 2025 Marburg virus, International Health News, Viral Hemorrhagic Fever WHO Reports New Marburg Virus Outbreak in Tanzania’s Kagera Region The World Health Organization (WHO ) has announced a suspected Marburg virus outbreak in Tanzania's Kagera region, which had previously experienced an outbreak in 2023. On January 10, the WHO was informed of six suspected cases, five of them fatal, showing symptoms of viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF ), including headache, fever, muscle pain, diarrhea, and vomiting with blood. By January 11, the number of suspected cases had risen to nine , with eight fatalities. Health workers are among the suspected cases, highlighting the risk of transmission in healthcare settings. Although there is no approved treatment or vaccine for Marburg virus, an investigational vaccine was used in Rwanda's 2023 outbreak to protect health workers. Due to its high fatality rate , infections among health workers and the virus’s unclear source, the WHO has assessed the risk to Tanzania as high. Kagera’s location as a transit hub with significant cross-border movement adds to the regional risk. However, the global risk remains low , as Kagera is not near major international airports. Content Editor: Dr. Subhana Siyad Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy (CIDRAP) Source : Published on : January 18, 2025 Outbreak, Viral Haemorrhagic Fever From Heatwaves to Waistlines: The Climate-Obesity Relationship Climate change is emerging to be a contributor to obesity, which is also driven by a complex mix of genetic, behavioral, and social factors. Rising temperatures impact behavior, leading to reduced physical activity and changes in diet, especially in developing countries. Research studies found that a 1°C increase in temperature was linked to a 4% rise in children's BMI and a 2% increase in women's BMI . The studies showed a U-shaped relationship between temperature and BMI meaning higher rates of obesity at both high and low temperatures. Extreme heat also has long-term consequences, causing people to stay indoors and rely on more calorie-dense, processed foods due to higher agricultural prices and lower crop yields. The nutritional content of crops are also affected as climate change causes decrease in protein levels in staples like rice and wheat. Rising temperatures further affect obesity by decreasing energy expenditure through adaptive thermogenesis, a process that helps regulate body temperature. To combat these effects, experts emphasize solutions like increased physical education in schools and climate-resilient agricultural practices to improve nutrition and prevent obesity. Content Editor: Dr. Subhana Siyad John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Source : Published on : January 18, 2025 Climate Change, Obesity From Poverty Reduction to TB Control: The Success of Brazil’s Bolsa Família Program A landmark study conducted by Jesus GS, Pinto PFPS, Silva AF et al. involving 54.5 million low-income Brazilians demonstrated that conditional cash transfer programs like Brazil’s Bolsa Família Program (BFP) can help achieve global tuberculosis (TB) targets. Implemented in 2004, the BFP provides financial support to poor families on the condition that they meet specific health and education requirements. The study analyzed TB incidence, mortality, and case fatality rates between 2004 and 2015, comparing BFP beneficiaries (23.9 million) with non-beneficiaries (30.6 million). Results showed a significant reduction in TB cases and deaths among beneficiaries , with a more than 50% decrease in extremely poor individuals and 60% among indigenous populations. The improved access to food , reducing food insecurity and malnutrition —a key TB risk factor—was identified as a major reason for these outcomes. The study underscores the role of social protection programs in reducing TB burden , highlighting their potential to support global health goals, including the END-TB strategy and the Sustainable Development Goals . Content Editor: Dr. Subhana Siyad Barcelona Institute for Global Health ISGlobal Source : Published on : January 18, 2025 Cash Transfer, Tuberculosis Next chapter in Atmanirbhar Bharat: Indigenous Paracetamol production Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh unveiled the indegenously produced medication "Paracetamol" by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) on the 40th Foundation Day of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR) at the Dr. Ambedkar International Centre, New Delhi. In line with the goal of "Self-Reliant India," this invention by CSIR, which is affiliated to the Ministry of Science & Technology, Government of India, intends to make India self-reliant in the production of paracetamol by lowering reliance on imported chemicals. Satya Deeptha Pharmaceuticals Ltd., a company based in Karnataka, will use this innovation to manufacture reasonably priced paracetamol domestically. Content Editor: Dr. Subhana Siyad Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : January 18, 2025 Drug Production India’s Surveillance Systems on Alert Amid Global Respiratory Illness Trends To address the growing number of respiratory disease cases in China, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW ) convened a Joint Monitoring Group (JMG ) meeting. The World Health Organisation (WHO) , Disaster Management Cell , Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) , National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) , and Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) were among the organisations that sent experts to take part in the meeting. Following conclusions were drawn after the meeting: The surge in respiratory illnesses in China is linked to common seasonal pathogens like the Influenza virus, RSV, and HMPV, which are already circulating globally, including in India. India has a robust surveillance system in place for Influenza Like Illness (ILI ) and Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (SARI ), which is not showing any concerning trends. As a precaution, the ICMR will increase HMPV testing . According to data from recent preparedness drills, India is prepared to deal with an increase in respiratory infections, and its health systems are alert to new threats. Content Editor: Dr. Subhana Siyad Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : January 18, 2025 Respiratory Illness, Surveillance Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY Takes Off in Odisha, Strengthening Healthcare for Millions On 13th January 2025, Odisha took a step towards ‘Viksit Bharat’ and ‘Utkarsh Odisha’ by becoming the 34th state to implement the Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB PM-JAY ), following a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the National Health Authority (NHA ) AB PM-JAY will converge with Odisha’s existing G opabandhu J an A rogya Y ojana (GJAY ), offering a health cover of Rs 5 lakh per family per year , with an additional Rs 5 lakh for women members . It will cover around 1.03 crore families (4.5 crore people) and provide access to nearly 2,000 medical procedures across 27 specialties. The scheme also benefits people aged 70 and above through the Ayushman Vay Vandana Card . The scheme will provide cashless treatment in over 29,000 empaneled hospitals, significantly benefiting Odisha’s tribal, underprivileged, and migrant populations. The impact of the program since its inception includes 8.19 crore hospital admissions, ₹1.13 lakh crore spent on healthcare for marginalized communities, In remote and conflict-prone areas, such as Bastar and Bijapur, hospital admissions have increased, In Madhya Pradesh, there was a 30-fold rise in hospital admissions, Additionally, access to cancer treatment has increased by 33% , improving early diagnosis and health-seeking behavior, especially among women. Content Editor: Dr. Subhana Siyad Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : January 18, 2025 Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY, Health Insurance Strengthen Monitoring and Evaluation of Food Products: GAO Recommendations to FDA The Food and Drug Association (FDA ) oversees nearly 80% of the United States’ food supply, including vegetables, fruits, processed and packaged foods, and seafood. Millions of Americans annually suffer from foodborne illnesses, highlighting the importance of food-related inspections . As per the G overnment A ccountability O ffice, the FDA has failed to meet the mandated inspection targets for domestic and foreign food facilities since 2018. Average annual domestic inspections by the FDA (2018-2023): 8,353; however, high-risk facilities were not inspected as mandated due to COVID-19 disruptions. Foreign inspections: Only 9% of the FDA's annual target of 19,200 foreign inspections were met in 2019, with an average of just 917 inspections per year. As of July 2024, the FDA had only 432 investigators, which is about 90% of its capacity, hampering inspection efforts. The Government Accountability Office (GAO ) recommended The US Congress should direct the FDA to determine and communicate realistic annual foreign inspection targets . The FDA should improve procedures to minimize incomplete inspections and establish a performance management process for food safety. Content Editor: Dr Tanya USGAO Source : Published on : January 17, 2025 Food Handling, Food Packaging, FDA Assessment of Uptake and Disparities in RSV Prevention Measures Among Infants: Insights from a US-based study In 2023, two new interventions to protect infants from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV ) became available in the United States: RSVpreF vaccine for pregnant individuals to be administered at 32-36 weeks gestation - RSVpreF, which protects infants through maternal vaccination, demonstrated an efficacy of 82% against severe RSV disease in the first few months of life. Nirsevimab , a monoclonal antibody for infants under 8 months - Nirsevimab was approved in the US for use in infants and showed high efficacy in clinical trials, with an 81% reduction in RSV-related hospitalizations. A study was conducted at Kaiser Permanente Northern California to assess the effect on uptake of RSVpreF and nirsevimab of various sociodemographic factors associated. Objective: To estimate the uptake of protective measures against RSV amongst mothers and infants born in at KPNC. Methods: Data from electronic medical records of infants born at KPNC to mothers aged 15 years to 49 years October 17, 2023 and March 31, 2024 was reviewed. Results: The results revealed that out of 17,251 infants, 77.5% received protection through either RSVpreF or Nirsevimab. 33.9% were exposed solely to RSVpreF, while 40.9% received only nirsevimab. A small percentage (2.7%) received both interventions. Notably, younger mothers were less likely to have received RSVpreF but more likely to have their infants receive nirsevimab. Conclusion: Nearly 80% of infants born during the RSV season received protection against the virus, with disparities in vaccination rates among different demographic groups. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Tanya JAMA Network Source : Published on : January 17, 2025 Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Communicable Diseases, Vaccines Re-evaluating Water Fluoridation: Cognitive Impact and Safety Concerns Water fluoridation, long considered a public health success for preventing tooth decay, is now debated due to its possible link to lower I.Q. scores in children. A recent JAMA Pediatrics study reviewed 74 studies from 10 countries, revealing an inverse relationship between fluoride exposure and cognitive abilities . Although fluoride levels in U.S. drinking water are typically low, nearly three million Americans consume water exceeding 1.5 parts per million. Critics question the necessity of water fluoridation, suggesting that topical fluoride from toothpaste and dental treatments may be sufficient . Former NIEHS director Linda Birnbaum highlights concerns about fluoride’s potential neurotoxicity and advises limiting exposure for pregnant women and infants. Advocates for further investigation urge an unbiased evaluation of fluoride’s safety and efficacy, warning that failure to address these concerns could erode public trust in health policies. A reassessment of fluoride’s role in public health remains critical. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Chinmay JAMA Pediatrics Source : Published on : January 16, 2025 Water Fluoridation, Public health measures Urgent Call to Address Cryptosporidiosis: A Neglected Threat to Child Health Cryptosporidiosis is a severe public health issue, causing acute diarrhea, malnutrition, developmental delays, and high child mortality, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, South America, and Asia. Responsible for 7.5 million cases and 200,000 child deaths annually , the disease primarily affects children under five. Existing treatment, nitazoxanide , is largely ineffective for malnourished or immunocompromised patients, leaving a critical need for better solutions. The Cryptosporidiosis Therapeutics Advocacy Group (CTAG ) is pushing for its inclusion in the WHO’s list of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) , which would drive global awareness, funding, and collaboration. Such recognition could enhance global awareness, increase funding, and foster collaboration, thereby catalyzing research efforts, expediting the development of treatments and vaccines, and encouraging pharmaceutical companies to invest through incentives like FDA priority review vouchers. Promising new treatments are currently in clinical trials, offering hope for effective solutions. Global action is essential to reduce cryptosporidiosis’s devastating impact on vulnerable populations, especially young children in low-income regions. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Chinmay Global Health Now (Johns Hopkins School of Public Health) Source : Published on : January 16, 2025 Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD), Cryptosporidiosis, International Health News National AYUSH Mission's Impact Highlighted in New Film Series The Ministry of AYUSH launched the film series "AYUSH for All: Holistic Health Care through National AYUSH Mission," showcasing the significant impact of the N ational A YUSH M ission (NAM ) in delivering affordable and holistic healthcare, particularly to rural and underserved communities. NAM Achievements Establishment of 167 integrated AYUSH Hospitals and upgradation of 416 hospitals and 5036 dispensaries . Integrated provision of AYUSH services in 2322 Primary Health Centres (PHCs) , 715 Community Health Centres (CHCs) , and 314 District Hospitals (DHs) . Supply of essential medicines to 996 hospitals and 12,405 dispensaries every year. Establishment of 3883 Yoga Wellness Centres , 1055 AYUSH Grams , and 12,500 Ayushman Arogya Mandirs . The Mission is working towards decreasing healthcare costs, expanding access to traditional healthcare, and promoting hollistic care across the nation. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Shayari Press Information Bureau of India Source : Published on : January 11, 2025 National AYUSH Mission Health Ministry Cracks Down on Fake Drug Network in Kolkata The Union Health Ministry, in collaboration with the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO ) (East Zone) and Drugs Control Directorate, West Bengal authorities, conducted a raid in Kolkata, resulting in a significant seizure of counterfeit drugs. Spurious anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and other drugs valued at approximately ₹6.60 crore were confiscated from 'M/s Care and Cure For You' in Kolkata. The drugs were falsely labeled as being imported from countries such as Ireland, Turkey, the USA, and Bangladesh but lacked proper import documentation , confirming their counterfeit nature. The wholesale firm's proprietor was arrested and placed in 14-day judicial custody to aid further investigation. Samples of the seized drugs have been sent for quality testing, and authorities are working to uncover the full extent of the illegal drug network. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Shayari Press Information Bureau of India Source : Published on : January 11, 2025 Drug Quality, Counterfeit Drug Prevention NAMASTE scheme in focus: 9th meeting reviews implementation of Manual Scavengers Act, 2013 Union Minister Dr. Virendra Kumar chaired 9th Central Monitoring Committee meeting to review Supreme Court orders on manual scavenging Only 257 districts have uploaded manual scavenging-free certificates ; Minister urged immediate compliance from remaining districts States/UTs directed to establish mandatory committees and commissions under MS Act, 2013 Government launched NAMASTE (N ational A ction for M echanized S anitation E cosystem) scheme to ensure safety of sewer workers , aiming for zero fatalities and mechanized cleaning last year. Meeting attended by National Commission for Safai Karamcharies officials and representatives from states, UTs, and central ministries Click here to read more. 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30-Headlines of the day (All) Public Health News Snippets 1-5th August, 2023 ICMR’s take on non - sugar sweeteners The non-sugar sweetener aspartame has been linked to adverse health outcomes , according to the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). IARC and the WHO-FAO Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) jointly evaluated it. According to the report, there is "limited evidence" of possible human carcinogenicity. Aspartame is classified by the IARC as "potentially carcinogenic" to humans (IARC Group 2B), and the JECFA has reiterated that 40 mg/kg of body weight is the safe daily intake. The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has set guidelines for artificial sweeteners in line with risk assessments and ADI established by JECFA, aligned with Codex Alimentarius Commission standards. Content Editor: Dr. Ismail Rifai Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : Thursday, August 17, 2023 ICMR, FSSAI, Artificial Sweeteners Dengue outbreak in Bangladesh The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bangladesh, has reported 69,493 confirmed Dengue cases from July 1 to August 7. The disease mortality was 327, and the case fatality rate was 0.47% . (DENV 2>DENV3). Six hospitals have been put in force to strengthen case management. The core areas enforced to enhance the management are Improvised Laboratory Facilities. Vector Control Activities. WHO has categorized Bangladesh as a ‘high’ risk area for Dengue. WHO has also emphasized strict vector control measures, especially in high-risk places (schools, workplaces, and residences) via Integrated Vector Management which aims at eliminating the adult and larval stages of Aedes mosquitoes. IVM includes the use of larvicides, including fogging and Personal protective measures. Content Editor: Akhila Nandan WHO news section Source : Published on : Thursday, August 17, 2023 Global Health, Dengue, Integrated Vector Management Inauguration of the Phase 2 of the Mass Drug Administration for Filariasis The Union Minister of Health and Family Welfare pledged to eliminate filariasis by 2027 during the inauguration of the 2nd phase of the Annual Nationwide Mass Drug Administration. The 2nd phase shall cover nine endemic states (Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Odisha, Telangana, and Uttar Pradesh). The minister has also emphasized the importance of a holistic approach toward achieving this goal. He also cited that both treatments, as well as prevention by vector control measures, should be the focus of action, which could be achieved by: The synergy between the state and central governments. Mass campaigns. Community engagement. Content Editor: Akhila Nandan Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : Thursday, August 17, 2023 Public Health Laws and Regulations, Filariasis Elimination, Mass Drug Administration, NVBDCP Railway Board emphasizes on Mental Health of RPF personnel The Railway Board has taken prompt measures to rectify a tragic event in which a Railway Protection Force (RPF) constable killed four persons on a moving train. To avoid such incidents in the future, a six-member high-level group was formed with a critical mandate: to recommend comprehensive mechanisms for examining the mental health of RPF personnel before they are entrusted with weapons . Their primary focus will be on the precaution that must be taken before issuing guns to RPF . The Railway Board has requested that the committee conduct a thorough evaluation of existing rules for both physical and mental health exams and submit a detailed report. The presumed psychotic diagnosis of the accused constable, Chetan Singh, was withheld from RPF authority, emphasizing the severity of the situation. By implementing the recommendations, the Board aims to strengthen the mental health evaluation process for RPF personnel, ensuring a safer and more secure environment. Content Editor: Dr. Sumana Mukhopadhyay The Hindu Source : Published on : Thursday, August 17, 2023 Mental health , Health evaluation, Pre-placement Examination Somatic Experiencing for patients of chronic stress and PTSD Peter Levine invented and developed the bio-psychological working paradigm known as Somatic Experiencing® to comprehend, prevent, and treat post-traumatic stress disorder and chronic stress. An interventional study using Somatic Experiencing®, done on Breast cancer survivors, showed encouraging findings that support the use of this model to address the psychological effects of medical therapy and prolonged treatments for breast cancer. The study involved BC survivor women in Italy who had been diagnosed with Stage 0 to 3 mono- or bilateral breast cancer for up to 5 years, Had undergone surgery, Had never taken a Somatic Experiencing® course. The individuals, who were split into interventional and control groups, had : Their anxiety, depression, and distress (measured by HADS) Coping mechanisms (measured by Mini-MAC) Trauma reworking skills (measured by PACT) Body image (measured by BIS) examined At baseline, the survivors reported normal to borderline levels of depression and anxiety as well as a composite to impaired body image. At the conclusion of the eight online group sessions, the women in the intervention group displayed improved psychological health. They had a considerable reduction in their levels of anxiety, depression, and distress symptoms. Results indicate that this model may help in developing more effective coping strategies and trauma reworking skills in terms of a decrease in anxious preoccupation and a greater forward focus. Additionally, it was seen that most of the women in the interventional group had a positive change in their perception of their bodies. Content Editor: Dr. Subhana Siyad Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Source : Published on : Thursday, August 10, 2023 Breast cancer, Mental Health, Stess New Parliamentary report highlights the escalating menace of Drug abuse in India Punjab, Haryana, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, NCT of Delhi, Odisha, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal are among the worst affected states wherein the drug problem was widespread among children and adults alike. Nearly 7 lakh children (10-17 years) are abusers of substances like tobacco, alcohol, cocaine, heroin, opioids, sedatives, and inhalants. The most common substance abuse among school and college goers was tobacco, additionally- Over 3 lakh children are using opioids Over 72000 consuming inhalants Over 18000 cocaine The problem is also similarly widespread among adults, with over 66 lakh total abusers. 21 lakh people are addicted to various kinds of opioids, including heroin. Content Editor: Dr. Sumana Mukhopadhyay The Tribune Source : Published on : Thursday, August 10, 2023 Public health, Drug abuse, Addiction, Adolescent health WHO’S Tobacco Epidemic Report commends India for its efforts in controlling Smoking According to WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic: "Protect People from Tobacco Smoke, 2023"- The WHO's MPOWER policies have resulted in 300 million less smoking globally. The smoking prevalence fell from 22.8% to 17% from 2007-2021. Initiatives comprise of Tracking tobacco usage Providing quitting assistance Warning about tobacco harms Imposing tobacco advertising bans Hiking taxes. The report focuses on second-hand smoking that causes a major burden of many fatal diseases. It acknowledges India's achievements, with 85% of cigarette packs carrying warnings on both sides. India has also banned the sale of e-cigarettes and has comprehensive restrictions on tobacco advertising. Experts recommend additional measures such as Posting warnings on OTT platforms by actors Prohibiting the sale of cigarettes in bulk Advocacy for increased penalties for public smoking The city of Bengaluru has been specially mentioned because of the 27% decrease in smoking This can be attributed to- Excellent communication methods, Campaigns 'No Smoking' signage The city has gained worldwide acclaim for its tobacco control initiatives. Content Editor: Dr. Himabindu Reddy Indian Express Source : Published on : Thursday, August 10, 2023 Tobacco control, Smoking, WHO Lupin pharmaceuticals revokes oral contraceptives batches in distribution. Lupin Pharmaceuticals Inc., Lupin's US subsidiary, has withdrawn two batches of Tydemy, an oral contraceptive, due to 'out of specification' outcomes at the 12-month stability check point. The recall is voluntary due to a considerable decrease in the amount of inactive content (ascorbic acid) in the product and went into effect following Lupin's notification to the US Food and Drug Administration on July 29. Tydemy lots that were impacted were distributed between June 3, 2022 and May 31, 2023. Content Editor: Dr. Sumana Mukhopadhyay The Hindu Source : Published on : Wednesday, August 9, 2023 pharma, contraceptives Fortified flavoured milk delivery restarted for Anganwadi children in Vadodara The Vadodara Municipal Corporation's (VMC) Standing Committee has approved the restart of enriched flavoured milk delivery to Anganwadi children. During the Covid-19 epidemic in 2020, the distribution was halted. The ICDS department requested approval and a Rs 1.93 crore budget to offer fortified milk to 10,120 children at VMC Anganwadi six days a week. Originally, milk was planned to be delivered twice a week, but it will now be delivered six days a week. The fortified milk contains Vitamin D and Vitamin A and will be given to each child attending the Anganwadi, with a possibility of 200 ml if there's a health requirement. The proposal also seeks approval for making advance payments to Baroda dairy and Amul, which supply the fortified flavoured milk to around 436 Anganwadi in the city. Content Editor: Dr. Sumana Mukhopadhyay Indian express Source : Published on : Wednesday, August 9, 2023 Nutrition, Fortification New vaccine to safeguard infants from hospitalization The United states center for disease control (CDC) approves a first ever vaccine against severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease. RSV is one of the most common causes of childhood respiratory sickness and the cause of death for 100 to 300 US children under the age of five per year. CDC found that use of the long-acting monoclonal antibody Nirsevimab, tradename BeyfortusTM, reduced the incidence of both hospitalizations and doctor visits for RSV in newborns by nearly 80%. CDC recommends single dose of Nirsevimab for all under 8 months, for their first RSV season and additional dose for immunocompromised children between the ages of 8 and 19 months. Content Editor: Dr. Himabindu Reddy CDC Newsroom Releases Source : Published on : Wednesday, August 9, 2023 Immunization, Child health, RSV, Public health Bivalent Covid booster proven more efficient than 4th dose of monovalent strain According to an observational study published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases, a fourth dose of the bivalent (two-strain) COVID-19 vaccine is significantly more effective against medical treatment and hospitalization than a fourth monovalent (single-strain) dose among both previously infected and never-infected individuals who had received three monovalent doses. The study involved 2,749,829 participants and found that those who had never been exposed to COVID-19, a fourth dose of the monovalent vaccine did not provide any further protection over three doses against symptomatic infection while dose four of the bivalent vaccine did. The bivalent vaccine targets both the wild-type virus and the Omicron variant , as opposed to the monovalent which only targets the wild-type SARS-CoV-2. Content Editor: Dr. Himabindu Reddy CIDRAP Source : Published on : Wednesday, August 9, 2023 vaccination, Covid, Public health, Research findings Early diabetes detection now possible with AI and x-rays US researchers developed an artificial intelligence model on chest X-rays. The AI analyses the distribution of fatty tissue and uses it to flag people with high risk of developing diabetes. It ensures early diagnosis in individuals who may not be regularly screened for non-communicable diseases for example individuals with low BMI. The AI presents an exciting opportunity to extract data from routine tests to improve patient care. The researcher are next aiming to examine how well these X-rays can identify diseases such as chronic obstructive lung disease and congestive heart failure. 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85-Headlines of the day (List) Public Health News Snippets 2 - 7th September, 2024 Smartphone-based sensor aims to revolutionize Parkinson’s disease management Parkinson's disease is caused by decreased dopamine levels, which can be managed by administering the right amount of L-dopa medication. However, too much or too little L-dopa can cause serious side effects or a return of Parkinson's symptoms. Researchers at the Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST) have developed an affordable, portable, smartphone-based sensor that can accurately detect L-dopa levels in the body. The sensor measures color changes using a 365nm LED and smartphone camera, allowing patients to monitor their L-dopa levels and adjust medication as needed. The sensor is made by coating a silk-fibroin protein nanolayer over reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles. These nanoparticles have photoluminescence properties that can detect L-dopa levels in blood, urine, and sweat. This simple, cost-effective tool could help Parkinson's patients in remote areas manage their condition more effectively. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Prachi Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : September 6, 2024 Innovation, Technology Sugar-sweetened beverages: 23% rise in intake A population-based study spanning children and adolescents across 185 countries was recently published in the British Medical Journal. The study analyzed the trends in the intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) among them from 1990 to 2018. The study found that the intake of SSBs in the target population increased by almost 23%. The increase was heterogeneously distributed globally, with the highest amount in Latin America and the Caribbean (9.1 servings/week) and the highest in Africa (106%). The factors related to increased intake were: Older children (vs younger children) Urban areas (vs rural areas) Parents with higher education (vs lower education) These trends parallel those of obesity in these populations, thus possibly implicating the role of SSBs in increasing levels of obesity among children and adolescents. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Prachi British Medical Journal Source : Published on : September 6, 2024 Nutrition, Diet, Lifestyle, Obesity Third case of M-pox in Pakistan: Increased surveillance measures The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the recent M-Pox outbreak a public health emergency due to the emergence of a new Clade 1b variant , known for its high transmissibility through close contact . Pakistan's first M-Pox case involved the Clade 2 variant, with a second case confirmed last week. On August 29, two travelers at Bacha Khan International Airport displayed M-Pox symptoms, with one testing positive. Authorities are ramping up surveillance and urging the public to remain vigilant, adhere to safety protocols, and report symptoms promptly. Authorities’ efforts to increase monitoring and enforce public adherence to safety protocols are critical to curbing the spread. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Dheenadhayalan V Social Trends Source : Published on : September 6, 2024 Outbreaks, Monkey pox, Surveillance UNICEF and partners launch emergency tender for Mpox vaccines UNICEF has issued an emergency tender for mpox vaccines in collaboration with the Gavi Vaccine Alliance, Africa CDC, and WHO. Depending on manufacturers' production capacity, agreements can be made for up to 12 million doses through 2025. UNICEF will set up conditional supply agreements with vaccine manufacturers, allowing for immediate purchase and shipment of vaccines once financing, demand, readiness, and regulatory requirements are confirmed. The WHO declared mpox a global public health emergency in August due to an outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo that spread to neighboring countries. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Anamika Social trends Source : Published on : September 6, 2024 Mpox vaccine, disease outbreak Interim report on COVID-19 exposes significant financial irregularities. The inquiry commission, led by retired High Court Judge John Cunha, submitted its interim report on COVID-19 management irregularities to Chief Minister Siddaramaiah. The report covers purchases and procurements amounting to ₹6651 crore by various health departments and agencies in Karnataka. The report examines purchases related to medicines, rapid antigen test kits, COVID-19 management equipment, ventilators, and oxygen cylinders. It also investigates deaths due to oxygen shortages. The commission has a six-month extension to report on four BBMP zones and 31 districts. Chief Minister Siddaramaiah plans to table the report in the legislature during the upcoming winter session and promises action against those found guilty. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Anamika Social trends Source : Published on : September 6, 2024 COVID 19, Outbreak, Economics Urgent polio vaccination campaign underway in Gaza The Gaza Strip is currently facing a critical public health crisis with the resurgence of polio, a highly contagious and potentially debilitating disease. A large-scale vaccination campaign has been launched to protect vulnerable children from the devastating effects of this preventable illness. The campaign aims: To administer 1.3 million doses of polio vaccine To approximately 640,000 children under five years of age Within a short timeframe of three days. The urgency of the campaign stems from the significant risk posed by the poliovirus, which can cause irreversible paralysis and even death in young children. Vaccinating young children is the most effective way to stop the spread of polio and protect vulnerable populations. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Shayari Social Trends Source : Published on : September 5, 2024 Polio Virus, Immunization, Outbreak, Disaster Google's AI for tuberculosis detection Google is working on an innovative AI system that could revolutionize tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis. The AI analyzes audio recordings of patients' coughs and breaths to identify patterns associated with TB. This technology can significantly improve TB diagnosis, especially in resource-limited settings. The AI is being tested on a large cough and breathing recordings dataset. The technology aims to provide faster and more accessible TB diagnosis than traditional methods. This initiative could help tackle the global TB epidemic, which affects millions worldwide. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Shayari Social Trends Source : Published on : September 5, 2024 Tuberculosis, Artificial intelligence, Innovation, Technology Action against violence in hospitals: The recent mandates The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has issued a memorandum addressing the rising incidents of violence against doctors and healthcare staff in government hospitals. The directive, released by the Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), highlights that many healthcare workers face physical violence and verbal threats , often from patients or their attendants, while on duty. To combat this issue, the memorandum mandates that the Head of the Institution must file an Institutional FIR within six hours of any violent incident against healthcare workers. This move aims to ensure prompt legal action and enhance the safety and protection of medical professionals in government facilities. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Sumana Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : September 5, 2024 Occupational health, Safety and security Jal Jeevan Mission: Process in water accessibility The Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM), launched by the Government of India in partnership with States, has made significant strides in providing potable tap water to rural households. As of August 2024, more than 15.04 crore rural households (77.87%) now have tap water connections, a substantial increase from 3.23 crore in August 2019. The mission also emphasizes community participation, with over 5.32 lakh Pani Samitis formed at the Gram Panchayat level and 24.64 lakh women trained to test water samples using Field Test Kits (FTKs). The mission's success is largely attributed to its digital monitoring systems , including the JJM dashboard and mobile app , which provide real-time data on water supply status across villages. Moreover, sensor-based IoT solutions are used to measure and monitor water quality, ensuring the supply meets BIS:10500 standards. Digital tools also enable the geo-tagging of assets and linking of AADHAR for targeted delivery, promoting transparency and accountability. Challenges such as water scarcity, geogenic contaminants, and technical capacity issues are being addressed through various government measures, including financial assistance and skill development programs. The mission's success is further bolstered by the Jal Shakti Abhiyan: Catch the Rain campaign , focusing on sustainable water management. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Sumana Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : September 5, 2024 Environmental health, Water access, National programmes Linkage between ambient and household air pollution to mortality: IIPS study findings A study conducted by authors of the Department of Public Health and Mortality Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences , combines data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 5 and the Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies model to estimate the effect of both household and ambient air pollution on mortality rates in India . The study found that: The odds of Neonatal, post-neonatal, and Child deaths are significantly higher in areas with PM2.5 levels above the recommended threshold by the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). The odds ratio of Neonatal, Postneonatal, and Child deaths at >40μg/m3 PM2.5 was higher [1.86 (1.418–2.433), 2.04 (1.399–2.971), and 2.19 (0.999–4.803)], respectively, considering the PM2.5 at 0-10μg/m3 as the reference. The neonatal, child, and adult death rates were high with PM2.5 >40μg/m3, i.e., ambient air pollution alone without Household air pollution. Neonatal, postneonatal, child and adult deaths were substantially higher with ambient and household air pollution. A negative association was seen between unclean fuel use and adult mortality rates . The author explains that although there has been a high uptake of cleaner fuel as a source of cooking following the “Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana ,” a substantial proportion of households of lower socioeconomic strata did not refill after first usage due to cost issues. Hence, in the NFHS-5 survey, based on their response, they have been classified as using cleaner fuels, but in reality, they might be using unclean fuel sources. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Urmimala GeoHealth Journal Source : Published on : August 30, 2024 Research Findings, Air pollution, Mortality rates Vital statistics of Delhi 2023: The updates The Directorate of Economics and Statistics and Office of the Chief Registrar (Births and Deaths), Government of Delhi released the vital statistics report named Annual report on the “Registration of Births and Deaths in the National Capital Territory of Delhi for the year 2023 ” in August 2024. The vital statistics findings are as follows: Birth rate has increased from 14.24 in 2022 to 14.66 per 1000 population in 2023. Death rate has also increased to 6.16 in 2023 from 6.07 per 1000 population. Infant Mortality Rate has decreased from 23.82 to 23.61 per 1000 live births in 2023 as compared to 2022. Maternal Mortality Ratio has decreased from 0.49 to 0.45 per 1000 live births in 2023. Sex ratio of Delhi has decreased from 929 in 2022 to 922 per thousand males in 2023. Of the total registered births 52.02% were males, 47.96% were females while 0.02% were transgender/ambiguous. 95.58% of the births were institutional. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Urmimala Directorate of Economics and Statistics and Office of the Chief Registrar, Government of Delhi Source : Published on : August 30, 2024 Vital Statistics, Demography, Government reports Pledging for a “drug-free India” Two men were held in Maharashtra for the illicit trafficking of 900 psychotropic drug pills- one of the many cases being dealt with under the Narcotics Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act 1985. As India lies at the wedge between the Golden Crescent and Golden Triangle of illegal opioid production, it is a common route for the transport and trade of psychotropic drugs. According to the World Drug Report 2021, Amphetamine-type stimulants, Cannabis-type drugs, hallucinogens, opioids, both opiates and pharmaceutical opioids, and sedatives, among others, are the most commonly seizure drugs from India. These substances have been linked to Substance Use Disorders that are chronic and relapsing. At the inauguration of a zonal unit of the Narcotic Control Bureau in Chhattisgarh today, the Union Minister spoke about preventing substance abuse by giving foremost priority to preventing its illegal trade, strengthening the legal network of detection, and taking appropriate measures to punish those involved. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Urmimala Social Trends Source : Published on : August 30, 2024 Substance Abuse, Illegal drug trafficking Cautionary measures to tackle Mpox in India On 14th August 2024, the WHO declared Monkeypox or Mpox as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) for the second time since 2022. At the Joint Monitoring Group meeting, experts from the National Centre for Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Indian Council of Medical Research, representatives of all Central Government Hospitals, and others discussed the current situation and required steps to deal with Mpox. The Cautionary measures discussed in the meeting on 16th August were as follows: Crossborder area (airports, seaports, ground) sensitization of health units. Preparation of laboratory requirements for virus testing at 32 centers across India Taskforce formation at all government hospitals ready to detect, isolate, and manage Mpox cases . Click here to read more . Content Editor: Dr. Urmimala Press information Bureau Source : Published on : August 30, 2024 Public Health Emergency of International Concern, Communicable Disease, Monkeypox Ban of 150 fixed-dose combination drugs The Indian government has banned 156 combination drugs , including painkillers, multivitamins, antibiotics, and drugs used for fatty liver with diabetes and irritable bowel syndrome. These Fixed Dose Combination (FDC) drugs are considered a potential risk to humans. The government-appointed Drugs Technical Advisory Board (DTAB) and an expert panel declared these FDCs to be "irrational, " the DTAB also discovered no medicinal basis for any of the components. Safer alternatives exist, and the FDC drugs pose risks to human health, and the Board recommended prohibiting them. The ban was issued under Section 26A of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act . The FDCs were considered risky for human use, so they were prohibited from being manufactured, sold, and distributed. Companies with supporting data can continue, while others must withdraw their products. The list includes hair treatments, anti-parasitic drugs, skincare products, and anti-allergic medications . This prohibition follows earlier measures, such as the outlawing of 344 combination medications in March 2016 and an additional 14 in June 2023, as part of a larger attempt to regulate the pharmaceutical industry. Content Editor: Dr. Shubham Social Trends Source : Published on : August 29, 2024 Fixed Drug Combination (FDC), Drugs and Cosmetics Act, Public health laws Samagra Shiksha scheme: To promote menstrual health UNICEF India commended Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Mohan Yadav’s efforts to promote menstrual health among adolescents in the state. Rs 57.18 crore has been transferred to the accounts of 19 lakh school-going girls in Madhya Pradesh as part of a cash transfer scheme. The money was set aside for girls' students to purchase sanitary napkins, under the "Samagra Shiksha" scheme. The program's goal is to encourage girls in Classes VII through XII to practice good hygiene and cleanliness. UNICEF India is working with the government and stakeholders to raise awareness about menstrual health and school hygiene. The objective of this effort is to enhance the menstrual health and hygiene of teenage girls in Madhya Pradesh. Content Editor: Dr. Shubham Social Trends Source : Published on : August 29, 2024 Menstrual Health, Reproductive health, Adolescent health A new employment code: Proposal by the National Medical Commission The National Medical Commission (NMC) has proposed a pay scale structure for interns, postgraduate students, super-specialty students, and medical college teachers to ensure fair compensation, job satisfaction, and attract high-quality faculty and students. Private practice for medical teachers should be prohibited to maintain quality of education. Medical teachers who focus solely on teaching should receive a non-practicing allowance. Implementing standardized pay scales, retirement policies, and rotational headship can enhance transparency and prevent toxic environments. The NMC's task force also recommended mentor-mentee programs, financial stability support helplines, and involving families in induction programs to improve the mental well-being of medical students. Duty hours should be restricted to 74 per week, with one day off, a 24-hour duty, and five 10-hour shifts. A 10-day vacation for undergraduate and postgraduate students is also recommended. A committee structure involving deans, department heads, and psychiatrists is proposed to address mental health challenges at the medical college level. Content Editor: Dr. Shubham Social trends Source : Published on : August 29, 2024 Human Resources Management, Doctors pay scale Methylocucumis oryzae: A methane-eating bacteria discovered in Pune Researchers at the MACS (Maharashtra Association for the Cultivation of Science) Agharkar Research Institute (ARI) in Western India's wetlands, rice fields, and Vetal Tekdi found Methylocucumis oryzae, the first native methane-eating bacteria in India. This bacterium promotes early flowering and increases rice plant yield , helping in climate mitigation by oxidizing methane. Despite its unique size and slow growth rate, it poses challenges for large-scale cultivation and biotechnological applications. Due to its shape, this bacterium, named ‘methane-eating cucumbers’, promotes early flowering and increases yield in rice plants. These bacteria can reduce methane, a potent greenhouse gas, by oxidizing it, thus helping climate mitigation. Methane's global warming potential is 26 times greater than that of CO2. Methanotrophs help mitigate this by oxidizing methane. Methylocucumis oryzae is larger than most bacteria, promotes rice plant growth, and is phylogenetically unique. The slow growth rate of this methanotroph poses challenges for large-scale cultivation and biotechnological applications . No other Methy-locucumis species has been reported from any other nation. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Shubham Indian Journal of Microbiology Source : Published on : August 29, 2024 Methanotroph, Global warming, Climate change Cholera outbreak in Sudan The Sudanese Health Minister, Haitham Mohamed Ibrahim, officially declared the outbreak of cholera within Sudan after the WHO announced that 11327 cases of cholera with 316 deaths had been seen. The actual numbers are feared to be worse than reported. The announcement followed positive reports of cholera from samples of watery diarrhea sent to the Public Health Laboratory. Meanwhile, the recent monsoon period has worsened the situation, with cases of dengue and malaria on the rise. The conflict between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the insurgent Rapid Support Forces (RSF) has exacerbated the epidemic scenario. Content Editor: Dr. Manu Social Trends Source : Published on : August 29, 2024 Sudan, Cholera, Outbreak, Epidemics Outbreak of Sloth fever in Europe Spread by infected midges or some breeds of mosquito , the Oropouche virus, known as sloth fever/virus, was detected in Europe following outbreaks in South America. The common symptoms are fever, severe headache, chills, muscle aches, joint pains, and nausea/vomiting. More than 10,000 cases were seen in Brazil, Bolivia, Peru , and for the first time in Cuba, according to the Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO), including two fatalities in Brazil , who had no other known conditions. Six possible cases of mother-to-child transmission during childbirth were being investigated to understand infections during pregnancy, potential congenital disabilities, and risk of stillbirth due to the virus. 19 cases were reported for the first time in Europe with all affected having travelled to Brazil or Cuba. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) said the risk for travelers was moderate , while the risk of spread was low as the vector wasn’t found in Europe, and person-to-person transmission hasn’t been seen yet. Content Editor: Dr. Manu Social trends Source : Published on : August 28, 2024 Sloth Fever, Outbreaks, Epidemics Declaration of famine in Sudan’s North Darfur Zamzam camp Following 15 months of war in Sudan, the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification’s Famine Review Committee (IPC FRC) was established in the Zamzam camp in the northern Darfur region of Sudan, leaving a population of 7,55,000 vulnerable to food scarcity . An area is attributed to IPC Phase 5 Famine Classification when: It has at least one in five households facing an extreme deficiency of food, No less than 30 percent of children in the area are suffering from acute malnutrition Two for every 10,000 people are dying each day due entirely to starvation or to the interaction of malnutrition and disease. The lack of humanitarian access due to the war is the main reason behind the famine. UNICEF and the UN World Food Programme (WFP) call for a ceasefire to allow relief services access to the areas Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Manu UN News Section Source : Published on : August 28, 2024 UNICEF, Famine, Disaster, Food insecurity Government directs enhanced safety measures in central hospitals The Government of India has directed all Central Government Hospitals, including AIIMS and other Institutes of National Importance (INIs), to enhance security measures . The directive highlights the increasing vulnerability of government hospitals to unauthorized access and violence against healthcare workers. The key measures includes: The installation of high-resolution CCTV cameras at strategic locations, stricter entry controls with mandatory identification for staff and visitors, and limiting the number of attendants with patients. Hospitals are also required to train staff in handling security threats , improve lighting in dark areas, and establish comprehensive emergency response plans. Additional provisions include setting up public address systems, ensuring female staff safety during night shifts, and appointing patient facilitators. Additional measures include providing secure rest areas for female staff on night shifts, appointing patient facilitators, and implementing comprehensive emergency plans. These actions aim to enhance security while maintaining public access and ensuring the safety of patients and healthcare workers. Contnet Editor: Dr. Sumana Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Source : Published on : August 28, 2024 Occupational safety, Job safety, Healthcare workers WHO urges Southeast Asia to prioritize rehabilitative and assistive technology services WHO Regional Director Saima Wazed urged South-East Asian countries to prioritize access to rehabilitative and assistive technology services. Rehabilitation services aim to restore dignity, hope, and societal participation , addressing needs such as low back pain, vision loss, fractures, and COPD. 590 million people in the region require rehabilitation services, which often face challenges such as inadequate coverage, a shortage of healthcare professionals, and insufficient services in primary health centers. Emphasis was placed on engaging and empowering communities, addressing inequalities faced by persons with disabilities, and strengthening the rehabilitation workforce to transform health and well-being for marginalized populations. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Anamika Social trends Source : Published on : August 28, 2024 Rehabilitative services, Assistive technology, Quality of life India's efforts for climate change and environmental protection India aims to achieve net zero emissions by 2070. This goal is outlined in India's Long-Term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategies (LT-LEDS). To reduce emissions India is focusing on : Sustainable Cities: India is integrating climate adaptation and resource efficiency into urban planning through initiatives like the Smart Cities Mission, affordable housing programs, and improved sanitation. Improving Air Quality: The National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) is addressing air pollution by promoting cleaner fuels, electric vehicles, and banning open burning. Protecting Coastal Ecosystems: India is investing in protecting and restoring mangroves and coral reefs, improving coastal livelihoods, and combating pollution through initiatives like MISHTI. Regulatory Measures: Laws such as the Coastal Regulation Zone Notification and the Wildlife Protection Act safeguard coastal ecosystems. Click here to read more Content Editor: Shayari Nag Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : August 28, 2024 Climate Action, Environmental Health, Sustainable Climate Dangerous mix-ups: The risk of confusing drug names in India In India, identical or similar drug names pose serious health risks, as seen with drugs like 'Linamac' used for both cancer and diabetes treatments. Despite decades of complaints from the medical community, lax regulations persist, allowing multiple drugs with the same or similar names to be marketed. The fragmented regulatory system lacks a unified process to ensure unique drug names, leading to frequent medication errors . Activists have called for stricter regulations , similar to those in the U.S. and Europe, but political will is lacking. Recent incidents, such as the fatal cough syrup case in The Gambia , have highlighted these issues and may prompt overdue reforms in India's drug naming practices. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Ghurumourthy John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Source : Published on : August 14, 2024 Medications, Laws, Adverse events July 12: The international day of combating sand and dust storms Sand and dust storms (SDS) pose significant challenges to sustainable development, affecting economic, social, and environmental dimensions. These storms, driven by natural and human-induced factors like climate change and unsustainable land use, impact health, agriculture, livelihoods, and global socio-economic well-being . Approximately 2 million tonnes of sand and dust enter the atmosphere annually , originating primarily in dry, desert regions but traveling vast distances. SDS can cause respiratory and heart diseases, disrupt transportation, and impact agriculture, contributing to desertification. Recognizing the international concern over these impacts, the United Nations General Assembly proclaimed 12 July the International Day of Combating Sand and Dust Storms. Implementing sustainable water and land management practices is essential to mitigate these effects and achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2, 3, 6, 8, 11, 13, and 15. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Ghurumourthy UN News Section Source : Published on : August 14, 2024 Disaster management, Sandstorms, Public health Plague in Colorado, USA There have been several global pandemics, but sporadic cases of bubonic plague, particularly in the United States, are still occurring . This July, one case of Bubonic Plague was also reported in Colorado. The plague was introduced to the United States in 1900 via rat-infested steamships , leading to urban epidemics, the last of which occurred in Los Angeles from 1924-1925. Since then, plague has spread to rural rodents in the western U.S., posing a significant risk to those living there. Most human cases have been reported in northern New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, California, Oregon, and Nevada. Over 80% of cases are bubonic, with an average of seven cases annually. Plague affects all ages, with 50% of cases in individuals aged 12-45, and is slightly more common in men due to increased outdoor exposure. One case of the Bubonic Plague was reported from Colorado in July 2024, and the investigation is ongoing . Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Ghurumourthy Center for Disease Control and Prevention Source : Published on : August 14, 2024 Outbreak, Plague, Communicable disease Healthcare workers of the nation stand together: The need for workplace safety Workplace safety is an often discussed issue in Public Health. When it comes to healthcare professionals, it mostly concerns protection from biological, chemical and radiological agents. The inhumane and shocking circumstances around the death of a second-year postgraduate student inside a Medical College and Hospital in Kolkata, West Bengal, forces us to redefine what constitutes workplace safety not just for doctors but also every other health care professionals. In response to the notice released by the Federation of Residents Doctors Association India (FORDA) following the incident, the country witnessed a cease of elective services in hospitals across India as a mark of solidarity. The following were the demands by FORDA: Immediate acceptance of the demand of the doctors belonging to the RG Kar Medical College, where the incident took place. Justice for the victim Ratification of the Healthcare Protection Act by formation of a committee of healthcare professionals. Release and implementation of security protocol for healthcare workers. It is deeply distressing that a doctor has to endure such a heinous crime; this raises serious concerns about the safety of any individual in an organized workplace, not to mention those in unorganized sectors. It’s high time that we acknowledge and address this aspect of workplace safety with priority. Content Editor: Dr. Urmimala Social Media Source : Published on : August 14, 2024 Workplace safety, Violence, Humanity Improper sleep and type 2 diabetes mellitus: The non-linear relationship Participants with irregular sleep patterns (where day-to-day sleep duration varied by more than 60 minutes) had a 34% higher risk of developing Type 2 diabetes compared to those with regular sleep. Even after accounting for lifestyle, comorbidities, family history, and obesity indicators, the risk persisted, emphasising on the point that consistent sleep patterns are crucial for reducing diabetes risk. The study discovered a nonlinear connection (p nonlinearity 0.0002), with a 34% higher incidence of diabetes (95% CI 1.22, 1.47) in those whose sleep length SD was >60 min as opposed to ≤60 min. The within-person standard deviation of the 7-day sleep duration recorded by wrist-worn accelerometers was used to quantify the variability in sleep lengths. Those with greater sleep duration (P interaction < 0.0009) and a lower diabetes polygenic risk score (PRS; P interaction ≤ 0.0264) showed a stronger connection irrespective of genetic predisposition. The study identified consistent sleep as a strategy to lower the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes , and it can help mitigate risks like reducing swings in hormones, including cortisol, which affect blood sugar levels. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Shubham American Diabetes Association Source : Published on : August 12, 2024 Lifestyle, Noncommunicable diseases, Public health Nigeria grapples with newborn antibiotic resistance crisis Colistin is among the few antibiotics that are still useful in treating illnesses like pneumonia and eliminating microbes. The World Health Organisation considers it to be extremely significant for human medicine. The study, recently published in Nature Communications Journal, surveys the presence of mobile colistin resistance gene (mcr) genes in Nigeria, a country with limited clinical use of colistin. 4907 rectal swabs were collected from mothers and neonates across three hospital sites in Nigeria, 47 of which (40 from mothers and seven from neonates) carried mcr genes across a range of bacterial species. The mcr genes were found in 46 Enterobacter species, and single isolates of Shigella, E. coli, and Klebsiella quasipneumoniae. Although the prevalence during the 2015-2016 collection was low, the diversity of mcr-gene types and the range of bacterial species are concerning. The introduction of colistin in medical settings could rapidly select and expand resistant isolates. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Sakshi Aggarwal Nature Communications Source : Published on : August 12, 2024 Antibiotic Resistance, One Health, Public health ABHA- based scan and share: Enhancing OPDs digital efficiency. The Government of India's ABHA-based Scan and Share system , launched in October 2022, is significantly enhancing outpatient department (OPD) registrations across the country. The initiative has benefited over 3.87 crore patients by streamlining the registration process through QR codes at hospitals registered on the Health Facility Registry (HFR). More than 5,800 public healthcare institutions have adopted this system, with over 2,400 hospitals actively using it to serve 1.80 lakh patients daily. To support this digital transformation, the National Health Authority (NHA) and state governments have provided training, financial incentives, and patient awareness campaigns. The initiative is further strengthened by the introduction of a "Scan and Pay" feature, currently being piloted, allowing patients to pay for diagnostic services via mobile applications and a unified health record linkage system . Additionally, diagnostic labs are integrating with the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) to deliver lab reports digitally, ensuring patients can access their results remotely, thus reducing logistical and financial burdens. This ongoing effort not only aims to enhances the efficiency of OPD services but also contributes to the broader goal of making public healthcare more accessible and affordable for all . Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Sumana Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : August 12, 2024 Health service, Health programme, Universal health coverage Technology and diabetes care: A step forward in digitization of healthcare A new software application has been developed by the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS ) to improve diabetes care at the basic healthcare level , which is based on the Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS ). This software can provide treatment recommendations based on patient data , such as blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels. Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) are computer tools that help doctors make better patient care decisions by analyzing patient data and offering evidence-based recommendations. They've proven effective in improving cardiovascular care by aiding in screening, treatment, and patient education. A nine-year study involving over 1,100 patients demonstrated the software's effectiveness in reducing diabetes complications . Patients using the software achieved better blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol control than those receiving standard care. The software is intended to be used by healthcare providers in areas with limited access to specialized diabetes care. The software is designed to work with electronic health records and can be operated by non-medical staff with basic computer skills. As part of its commitment to advancing the digitization of healthcare throughout the nation, A yushman B harat D igital M ission is supporting this important project. All ABDM-enabled HMISs will be free to integrate with the CDSS, making it accessible at all ABDM-enabled healthcare facilities nationwide . Content Editor: Dr Sakshi Aggarwal Social Trends Source : Published on : August 12, 2024 Diabetes, Software, Innovation, Technology India's doctor-population ratio: A milestone achievement surpassing the WHO recommendations The doctor-population ratio in India is 1:836 , which surpasses the WHO standard of 1:1000. As of July 2024, 13,86,136 allopathic doctors and around 5.65 lakh AYUSH doctors were registered with the National Medical Commission (NMC) and State Medical Councils. India has 731 medical colleges, offering 72,627 PG seats and 1,12,112 MBBS seats annually. India also has around 38.49 lakh registered nurses. The government has taken measures to improve medical education facilities, considering both the quality of healthcare services and the quantity of healthcare professionals : Approving new medical colleges and increasing MBBS and PG seats Upgrading and strengthening the existing ones. Recognition of DNB qualification. However, this ratio varies significantly across countries due to differences in healthcare systems, population density, and other factors. For instance, in the United States, it is approximately 1:400, China has 1:1500, and Cuba remarkably maintains a ratio of 1:170. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Shubham Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Source : Published on : August 9, 2024 Health care delivery system, Universal health coverage Telangana: The best state for organ donation and transplantation On the 14th National Organ Day 2024, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare(MoHFW) awarded Telangana State the title of best state for organ donation and transplantation. In 2023, the state's donation rate reached 5.48 per million population (pmp) , surpassing India's average donation rate of 0.8 pmp by a substantial margin. The Jeevandan Cadaver Transplantation Programme , started by the Telangana state Government in 2013, contributed significantly to this accomplishment. Since its establishment in January 2013, Jeevandan has enabled the collection of 5,541 organs and tissues from 1,465 deceased donors. Also, Yashoda Hospital, Secunderabad, was recognized as the best private hospital with the highest cadaver donation. As of July 2024, there are 40 recognized facilities in Telangana that are authorized to perform cadaver transplants. Every transplantation has the potential to save up to 8 lives, underscoring the urgency to enhance the nation's capability for cadaver transplantations. Content Editor: Dr Swathi Shenoy Social trends Source : Published on : August 9, 2024 Organ donation, Transplantation, Public health Resurgence of Mpox: New variant raises concerns The first two cases of monkeypox (Mpox) have been identified in Uganda , in the towns of Mpondwe and neighboring Bwera, in Kasese's western border district. This follows the rise in cases in the provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The African Union has allotted $10.4 million in financing to tackle the outbreak throughout the continent. The DRC was the site of the first human cases of monkeypox in 1970. It primarily spreads from infected animals to people and affects some countries in West and Central Africa. The global outbreak of Mpox infections that started in 2022 was caused by Clade II, which was sexually transmitted. The World Health Organization proclaimed a public health emergency of international concern, which was resolved in May 2023. Out of over 90,000 cases in 111 countries, about 140 people died. A novel variation of Mpox, formerly referred to as monkeypox, has been detected in the DRC and its adjacent nations. This strain's Clade Ib subclade is more deadly and contagious, resulting in skin rashes all over the body. The Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has also initiated efforts such as improved vaccination access, testing, data gathering, and monitoring. Content Editor: Dr. Shubham Social Trends Source : Published on : August 9, 2024 Mpox, infectious diseases, Pandemic potential India’s step towards climate change India has identified three primary categories for climate adaptation priorities: Knowledge Systems : Enhancing understanding of climate change risks and adaptation strategies. Risk Exposure Reduction : Implementing measures to decrease vulnerability to climate-related risks. Resilience and Adaptive Capacity : Strengthening the ability to withstand and adapt to climate impacts. To support these priorities, India has enacted the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) , which establishes a comprehensive framework for climate initiatives through various national missions. Each State and Union Territory has developed its own State Action Plans on Climate Change (SAPCC) tailored to address specific regional climate and disaster management challenges. In August 2022, India revised its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) to bolster its commitment to the global response to climate change, as outlined in the Paris Agreement. A key feature of the updated NDC is the introduction of the Mission ‘LiFE’ (Lifestyle for Environment) , aimed at encouraging responsible consumption by influencing the behaviors and attitudes of individuals and communities. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Tanya Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : August 9, 2024 Climate Change, Disaster Management Zika virus action plan: The country's comprehensive efforts to combat the outbreaks The Government of India has unveiled an ‘Action Plan for Managing Zika Virus Disease ,’ outlining comprehensive public health strategies for combating outbreaks. The plan includes technical guidelines for vector management and community engagement. Under the National Health Mission, funds are allocated to states for preventive measures like breeding checkers, fogging, and training. Under the action plan, the Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) will monitor and respond to Zika outbreaks and the other 33 outbreak-prone diseases. Each state will have designated labs, such as DPHLs and SRLs, for disease investigation and surveillance. From 2017 to July 2024, India reported 537 Zika cases. The recent updates show 13 cases in 2024 , with the state-wise distribution as follows: Maharashtra-10 Karnataka-3 From 2017 to 2024, the key states with the highest burden include Madhya Pradesh (260), Kerala (97), and Uttar Pradesh (150). Additionally, the Ministry supports state health infrastructure and provides technical assistance and integration with various schemes. Click here to read more. 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89-Headlines of the day (List) Public Health News Snippets 1 - 5th October, 2024 International Daughters Day: India's empowering initiatives International Daughter's Day, observed on September 22nd, highlights the importance of empowering girls and investing in their future. Key Highlights: Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana: This savings scheme, launched in 2015, encourages parents to invest in their daughters' education and future by providing a dedicated account with attractive interest rates. Over 500 villages in North Gujarat have achieved the status of "Sukanya Samriddhi Gram" where all eligible girls have opened accounts. Beti Bachao Beti Padhao: This flagship campaign, launched in 2015, aims to improve the status of girls in India by addressing gender disparities and promoting their education. Other Initiatives: Scheme for Adolescent Girls (SAG): Provides nutritional and health support to adolescent girls. Scheme for Promotion of Menstrual Hygiene: Enhances menstrual hygiene practices for girls in rural areas. UDAAN: Empowers girls to pursue careers in engineering by providing them with resources and support. National Scheme of Incentives to Girls for Secondary Education (NSIGSE): Provides financial incentives to girls from Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes to encourage their enrollment and retention in secondary education. By investing in these initiatives, India is taking concrete steps to empower its daughters and ensure they have equal opportunities to thrive and contribute to society . International Daughter's Day serves as a powerful reminder of the importance of these efforts and the need to continue working towards a future where all girls are valued and empowered. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Shayarai Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : October 5, 2024 Women Empowerment, Equity, Inclusion Ayushman Bharat digital mission: Three years of transformation in India's healthcare The Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) is marking its third anniversary, showcasing its impact on the nation's healthcare landscape. Launched in September 2021, ABDM aims to establish a robust digital health infrastructure that enhances healthcare access, efficiency, and transparency. Key Achievements: Over 67 crore Ayushman Bharat Health Accounts (ABHA ) created providing individuals with unique digital health IDs to securely manage their medical records. Over 42 crore health records linked to ABHA streamlining access to medical histories for better healthcare delivery. 1.3 lakh facilities ABDM-enabled including over 17,000 private facilities, fostering greater interoperability in the healthcare ecosystem. 3.3 lakh health facilities and 4.7 lakh healthcare professionals registered creating a comprehensive national registry for better coordination. Key Initiatives: Scan and Share: QR-code based OPD registration reducing waiting times and improving data accuracy. Digital Health Incentive Scheme (DHIS ): Financial incentives to encourage adoption of digital health practices. Microsites for Private Sector Adoption: Supporting private facilities in adopting ABDM. ABDM aims to create a seamless digital healthcare ecosystem where every Indian citizen has access to their health records. By fostering partnerships and collaborations with key stakeholders, ABDM continues to drive towards a more accessible, efficient, and patient-centric healthcare system in India . Click here to read more. Content Editor: Shayari Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : October 5, 2024 Digital Health, Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission, Innovation India takes lead in tackling NAFLD: Revised guidelines released The Union Health Ministry unveiled revised operational guidelines and a training module for NAFLD , highlighting India’s commitment to tackling this major non-communicable disease. Union Health Secretary emphasized NAFLD’s link to metabolic disorders like obesity and diabetes, describing it as an emerging public health concern (out of 10 persons 1 to 3 persons will be having Fatty liver or related disease). The updated documents aim to strengthen the capacity of healthcare workers —from community health workers to medical officers—to ensure early detection and comprehensive care . The importance of empowering grassroots workers was underscored. The strong connection between liver health and other NCDs was emphasized. This initiative reflects India’s proactive approach to addressing the silent epidemic of NAFLD through a multidisciplinary and evidence-based framework. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Dheena Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : October 5, 2024 Non Communicable Diseases, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, National programme National webinar on Rabies control: Emphasis on vaccination and collaboration Smt. Alka Upadhyaya, Secretary of Animal Husbandry, chaired a National Webinar on the eve of World Rabies Day 2024. Key officials and over 1000 participants from veterinary departments, universities, and NGOs attended. She urged for collaborative efforts to eliminate dog-mediated rabies , prioritising mass dog vaccination (MDV ) as the most cost-effective control method. The importance of controlling stray dog populations for effective rabies prevention was tressed upon. The session highlighted public awareness, responsible pet ownership, and coordinated vaccination efforts. Success stories from Goa, Kerala, and Sikkim were shared, showcasing effective models of rabies control through mass vaccination, sterilization, and awareness campaigns. Dr. Simmi Tiwari, Joint Director and Head, Centre for One Health NCDC provided updates on India’s National Rabies Control Program, targeting rabies elimination by 2030. Emphasis was placed on improving rabies surveillance, legislation, and reporting systems. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Sumana Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : October 4, 2024 Rabies, Neglected tropical diseases, One health Advancing rights and education for the deaf: Key initiatives on Sign Language Day 2024 Sign Language Day Celebrated on September 23, highlights the importance of sign language in promoting deaf individuals' rights globally. The 2024 theme, "Sign up for Sign Language Rights," focuses on advancing Indian Sign Language (ISL) for inclusive education and empowerment. Key initiatives include: Introduction of 2500 new ISL terms for different fields and subjects. 100 ISL concept videos for 6th-grade students for developed learning. ISL dictionary expanded to 10 regional languages. Educational animated videos and deaf role model videos launched. The Indian government’s schemes for persons with disabilities include ADIP for aids , scholarships, financial support for deaf colleges, and a diploma course in ISL teaching. The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act (2016) mandates free, inclusive education and 5% reservation for persons with disabilities in higher education. Sign Language Day emphasises the importance of inclusive education and rights for the deaf community, with initiatives like the Samagra Shiksha Scheme supporting children with special needs through tailored resources and financial aid. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Sumana Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : October 4, 2024 Disabilities rights, Inclusivity, Disabilities Tackling global disparities in pediatric cancer care Each year, around 400,000 children worldwide develop cancer , but only half are diagnosed, with survival rates varying significantly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In high-income countries, over 80% of children survive, compared to less than 30% in many LMICs. The SNF Global Pediatric Cancer Program , a collaboration between Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and the Stavros Niarchos Foundation, aims to address these disparities through international healthcare collaborations. The program improves access to precise diagnostics, treatment guidance, and molecular testing in LMICs. It also focuses on training local healthcare providers to enhance care quality and uses digital health solutions for remote care delivery. By expanding clinical expertise and providing local resources, the initiative aims to boost survival rates and ensure equitable cancer care for children globally. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Ghurumourthy Global Health Initiative Source : Published on : October 4, 2024 Cancer, Equity, Universal health coverage Discussions on the reforms in organ donation in India: A roadmap for the future A two-day Chintan Shivir on "Reforms for Augmenting Organ and Tissue Donation and Transplantation" was organized by the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in New Delhi. The event gathered government officials, transplant professionals, NGOs, and state representatives to discuss critical reforms in technology, processes, and legislation aimed at improving organ donation and transplantation in India. The Shivir focused on several key objectives, such as: Discussing reforms needed to boost organ and tissue donation Exploring technological advancements to improve donation and allocation processes Proposing legislative changes to strengthen the legal framework . The sessions also covered topics such as "One Nation, One Policy," transparency, and improving access and affordability of organ transplants , while preparing a roadmap for the future. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Ghurumourthy Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : October 3, 2024 Organ Donation, Advancements, Public health Listeria outbreak in US: 10 deaths reported A Listeria outbreak linked to Boar’s Head deli-sliced meats, including liverwurst, has led to 59 confirmed cases and 10 deaths across 19 states in the US. Contaminated meats produced between June and July 2024 have been recalled, and consumers are advised to discard these products or return them. Listeria spreads easily through deli surfaces and equipment and can survive refrigeration, but it is killed by reheating food to 165°F. High-risk individuals, including pregnant women, older adults, and those with weakened immune systems, have been advised to avoid deli meats unless properly reheated. Businesses have been recommended to keep clean and sanitize deli areas thoroughly. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr Ghurumourthy Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Centre for Disease Control and Prevention Source : Published on : October 3, 2024 Food poisoning, Outbreak, Infectious disease Mapping asthma hot spots: Uncovering urban trends and pandemic impacts in New York State Asthma, a chronic lung condition, can be managed through proper clinical care and self-management. The New York State Department of Health analyzed asthma-related emergency department (ED) visits from 2016 to 2022 using Esri’s Emerging Hot Spot Analysis. The study revealed urban areas like Buffalo, Rochester, and NYC had significant asthma hot spots , with ED rates decreasing during the pandemic compared to pre-pandemic levels. While many persistent hot spots became sporadic, some areas in NYC, particularly in the Bronx and Manhattan, saw intensifying hot spots. This method enhances traditional mapping by identifying emerging geographic patterns and can be used to evaluate the impact of local-level interventions for asthma and other chronic conditions. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Ghurumourthy Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Centre for Disease Control and Prevention Source : Published on : October 3, 2024 Epidemiology, Chronic Respiratory Diseases, Asthma Closing the gaps: Improving quality of life for older adults with HIV A study using data from the Medical Monitoring Project (MMP) between 2017 and 2022 assessed quality of life (QoL) indicators among U.S. people living with HIV (PWH) aged ≥50 years. The study focused on five QoL indicators set by the National HIV/AIDS Strategy (NHAS) for 2025: self-rated health, access to mental health services, unemployment, food insecurity, and housing stability. Despite advances in HIV treatment, minimal progress was observed across most indicators. In 2022, only 65% of PWH aged ≥50 years reported good or better health, falling short of the 95% goal. Unmet need for mental health services rose to 21.5%, while unemployment decreased slightly from 11.7% to 8%. Hunger or food insecurity improved, particularly for those aged ≥65 years, meeting the 2025 target. However, housing instability remained a significant issue, with 12.5% of older PWH experiencing unstable housing, far from the 7.4% goal. The findings highlight the need for tailored interventions, focusing on mental health services, employment support, and housing stability to meet the NHAS 2025 goals. Multisectoral approaches and continued monitoring are essential to improving the overall QoL for older PWH. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Ghurumourthy Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Centre for Disease Control and Prevention Source : Published on : October 3, 2024 HIV/AIDS, Quality of Life, Infectious diseases The United States commitment to address the global Mpox outbreak The United States continues its global efforts to combat infectious diseases , including the ongoing Mpox outbreak. In 2022, the country responded swiftly to the spread of Mpox by improving access to vaccines, tests, and treatments both domestically and globally. A recent roundtable brought together global health leaders to enhance the response, especially in Africa. The U.S. has pledged $500 million and one million vaccine doses to support African nations in controlling the outbreak, aligning efforts with the Mpox Continental Preparedness and Response Plan. Support includes training health workers, disease surveillance, and improving laboratory diagnostics. The US aims to foster partnerships with key institutions like the Africa CDC and WHO aim to build stronger health systems. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Ghurumourthy The White House, United States Source : Published on : October 3, 2024 Global aids, International partnerships, Outbreak, Collaboration US reports 2 deaths due to Eastern Equine Encephalitis EEE presents in two forms: Non complicated/ Febrile EEE Complicated/ Neurological EEE It spreads as a result of bite of infected mosquito or even through organ transplantation. The virus circulates in the environment between mosquitoes and birds . Non complicated EEE presents with fever, chills, bodyache, and joint pain , while complicated EEE with neurological involvement presents with fever, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, seizures, drowsiness, or even coma. The febrile form of EEE resolves within a week or two. Prevention: No vaccine is available. Use of insect repellents Take steps to control mosquitoes indoors and outdoors Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Tanya Social Trends Source : Published on : October 2, 2024 Eastern Equine Encephalitis, EEE CDC approves Flumist vaccine for self administration Flumist, a live attenuated vaccine , has been approved for self administration for adults aged 18 years and above or for administration by a caregiver for those aged 2-17 years This shall increase both convenience and accessibility, thereby favoring vaccine acceptance.. The vaccine can be procured online through the Flumist Online program. Adults aged 18 years and above have to complete an online questionnaire which is then reviewed by the pharmacist before shipment of the vaccine. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Tanya Social Trends Source : Published on : October 2, 2024 CDC, Influenza, Vaccines Hidden Hunger as a result of rising atmospheric Carbon The rising atmospheric CO2 levels not only impact the air quality but also cause micronutrient deficiencies in plants which when consumed consequently lead to “hidden-hunger” among human beings. Studies have shown that the additional carbon leads to higher concentration of starch and a decreased concentration of proteins and nutrients in the crops, particularly in global staple foods such as rice, wheat, potatoes, and barley. A 2018 study published in Frontiers in Plant Science found that with rising carbon levels, protein levels drop by nearly 10%, iron by 16%, zinc by about 9%, and magnesium by about 9 %. Way Forward: Decreasing atmospheric CO2 levels Food Fortification - India led a successful venture in this regard with the distribution of fortified rice with vitamins and minerals such as iron and zinc in its food security programmes. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Tanya Hopkins Bloomberg Public Health Magazine Source : Published on : October 2, 2024 Fortification, Climate Change, Hidden Hunger, Micronutrient Deficiency Mission Mausam 2024-2026 launched by Ministry of Earth Sciences In a significant step to address the climate crisis, aiming to reduce the impact of extreme weather changes and increase community resilience to climate change, the Ministry of Earth Sciences launched Mission Mausam in September 2024. The mission will be implemented by the India Meteorological Department, the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, and the National Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting. By 2026, the mission aims to: Establish an advanced weather surveillance system. Enhance the accuracy of weather forecasting across temporal and spatial scales. Develop data-driven methodologies for weather research and management. Strengthen capacity building in weather monitoring and forecasting. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Urmimala Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : September 27, 2024 Climate Change, Meteorology Frequent Use of Mobile Phones and Cardiovascular Events: Sleep Behavior, Stress, and Neuroticism A new study in the Canadian Journal of Cardiology links increased cell phone call time to a higher risk of cardiovascular events like stroke and heart failure. Poor sleep, psychological distress, and neuroticism (2.25%-11.50%) are significant drivers of this association. Regular cellphone users had a 4% higher risk of cardiovascular disease (hazard ratio [HR] 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.06) compared to non regular users. The risk increased with more time spent on calls. The risk is more pronounced in smokers (P for interaction 0.001) and people with diabetes (P for interaction 0.037). The study was conducted by analyzing data from a large cohort of 444,027 participants over a significant period of 12.3 years. Information of cellphone usage, including call duration was collected and monitored the participants’ health outcomes, particularly cardiovascular diseases like stroke and heart failure. The study is observational and cannot prove causation. They suggest focusing on overall healthy lifestyle habits to reduce cardiovascular risk. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Shubham Canadian Journal of Cardiology Source : Published on : September 27, 2024 Cell phone Usage Risks, Digital India Celebrates World Ozone Day: Montreal Protocol Key to Climate Action India marked World Ozone Day 2024 with a focus on the Montreal Protocol's critical role in both protecting the ozone layer and combating climate change. - The event focused on the theme "Montreal Protocol - Advancing Climate Actions", emphasizing the protocol's crucial role in both ozone layer protection and broader climate action initiatives. - Union Environment Secretary Ms. Leena Nandan highlighted India's strong commitment to the Montreal Protocol, with successful implementation of phase-out targets ahead of schedule. This has not only benefitted the ozone layer but also contributed significantly to global climate change efforts. - She also emphasized the importance of Prime Minister Modi's 'Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam' initiative, promoting a sustainable future and protecting the environment. - The event included the release of publications on sustainable cooling technologies and the launch of awareness campaigns to promote climate-friendly lifestyles. The celebration served as a reminder of the vital role of the Montreal Protocol in safeguarding the ozone layer and its impact on global climate action. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Shayari Press Information Bureau. Source : Published on : September 27, 2024 Climate Change, Environmental Health India Adopts BPaLM regimen for Treatment on Drug-Resistant TB India has the world's largest TB laboratory network and a dedicated National TB Elimination Program (NTEP). The NTEP has been working tirelessly to detect and treat TB patients, and the introduction of BPaLM is another key step in this fight. India has approved a new, shorter treatment regimen for Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), marking a significant step towards the country's goal of eliminating TB by 2025. - The new treatment, called BPaLM, combines four drugs: Bedaquiline, Pretomanid, Linezolid, and Moxifloxacin. - BPaLM is proven to be safer, more effective, and quicker than previous MDR-TB treatments, curing patients in just six months (compared to up to 20 months previously). - The introduction of BPaLM is expected to significantly accelerate India's progress towards its ambitious goal of ending TB. The government is committed to eliminating TB by 2025, five years ahead of the global target. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Shayari Press Information Bureau. Source : Published on : September 27, 2024 Tuberculosis, NTEP Monkeypox Case in India Confirmed: Isolated, Not Part of Global Emergency A suspected case of monkeypox in India has been confirmed as a travel-related infection. The individual, a young male, recently returned from a country experiencing active monkeypox transmission. - The patient has tested positive for the West African clade 2 of the Mpox virus, different from the strain currently causing a global health emergency. This strain has been seen in India previously, with 30 cases reported since July 2022. - The patient is isolated at a designated medical facility and is clinically stable with no serious health complications. - This case is an isolated incident, and there is currently no risk to the general public. - Authorities are conducting contact tracing and monitoring to prevent any potential spread. This case is not related to the current global monkeypox outbreak, which is primarily associated with clade 1 of the virus. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Shayari PIB Source : Published on : September 26, 2024 Monkeypox, Communicable Diseases Sanitation and Child Mortality in India: The Impact of the Swachh Bharat Mission India carries a significant burden of infant and child mortality, and improving sanitation is crucial to improving child survival. This study investigated the impact of the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM), India's ambitious sanitation program, on infant and under-five mortality rates (IMR and U5MR) from 2011 to 2020. - The researchers used data from 35 Indian states and 640 districts, analyzing changes in IMR, U5MR, and toilet access over time. - They employed two-way fixed effects regression models to control for confounding factors and estimate the association between toilet construction and child mortality. - The study found a strong inverse association between increased toilet access and child mortality in India. - Districts with over 30% of households receiving toilets under SBM saw a 5.3 lower IMR and a 6.8 lower U5MR. - The study also used placebo, falsification, and robustness checks to support these findings. Improved sanitation programs, such as the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM), can significantly enhance population health, especially in developing countries. India's decrease in infant and child mortality rates after implementing SBM indicates that widespread access to toilets may have prevented between 60,000 and 70,000 infant deaths each year. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Shayari Scientific Reports Journal Source : Published on : September 26, 2024 Hygiene and Sanitation, Child Health NHA and IIT Kanpur Join Hands to Drive AI Innovation in Healthcare The National Health Authority (NHA) and IIT Kanpur have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to develop a digital public goods platform for Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare under the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) . This platform will include a federated learning system, an open benchmarking platform for comparing AI models, and a consent management system. The initiative, overseen by the NHA, aims to unlock AI’s potential for improving health outcomes, especially in disease diagnosis . According to the Union Health Secretary, the platform will enhance the accessibility of high-quality health data for researchers while ensuring privacy and security. The collaboration seeks to foster trust in AI healthcare applications and improve the efficiency of India’s healthcare system by addressing fragmented data access and creating reliable benchmarks for AI models. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Dheenadhayalan V Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : September 26, 2024 Artificial Intelligence, Digital Health Free health coverage for all 70+senior citizens under Ayushman Bharat - A welcome move! AB PM-JAY(Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana ) world’s largest publicly funded health assurance scheme is now expanded to cover all the senior citizens aged 70 years and above, irrespective of their socio economic status . The eligible senior citizens would be issued a new distinct card Approximately 4.5 crore families will benefit from the scheme, providing ₹5 lakh health insurance per family. Senior citizens in families already covered under AB PM-JAY will receive an additional top-up cover of ₹5 lakh for themselves. Private health insurance holders and ESIC members are also eligible. Beneficiaries of schemes such as CGHS(Central Government Health Scheme), ECHS(Ex-Servicemen Contributory Health Scheme), and CAPF(Ayushman Central Armed Police Force ) may opt for AB PM-JAY or retain their existing schemes. The scheme has already benefited 55 crore people and covered 7.37 crore hospital admissions , including 49% women beneficiaries Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Dheenadhayalan V Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : September 25, 2024 Universal Health Coverage, Health Insurance Building resilient rural economies: NITI Aayog’s focus on livelihoods NITI Aayog held a National Seminar on 'Sustainable Rural Livelihoods '. The seminar highlighted key issues like market linkages, resilient agriculture , and rural entrepreneurship .. Discussions stressed India's growth potential through SMART Villages and inclusive rural economies, focusing on financial inclusion, job creation, and decentralized community-led initiatives ,also highlighted the importance of Gram Panchayats, women-led institutions, and civil society in driving rural progress. Experts emphasized on climate vulnerabilities and the need for a comprehensive groundwater law. The seminar advocated for empowering rural communities , connecting producers to larger markets, and expanding employment in emerging sectors such as construction and green economies Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Dheenadhayalan V Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : September 25, 2024 Rural Development, Government Launched 'SUBHADRA' Scheme for Women Empowerment in Odisha The Prime Minister introduced the 'SUBHADRA' scheme in Bhubaneswar, targeting single women. Fund transfers were initiated for more than 10 lakh women as part of the scheme. He released the first installment of assistance for nearly 10 lakh beneficiaries under the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) across 14 states. The Awaas+ 2024 App was launched to facilitate surveys of additional households for PMAY. He emphasized welfare initiatives for Dalits and tribal communities through the PM Janman Yojana. The Vishwakarma Yojana was introduced to preserve traditional skills, offering financial assistance and training for artisans. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Anamika Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : September 25, 2024 Women empowerment, government schemes ACIP Recommendations for 2024–2025 COVID-19 Vaccination: Efficacy, Cost-Effectiveness, and Target Strains The report provides guidance for the 2024–2025 COVID-19 vaccination strategy from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). The methodology included reviewing data in 40 public meetings since June 2020. ACIP assessed vaccine efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness using the GRADE system. The analysis found that updated vaccines offer moderate protection against severe disease, hospitalization, and death, although their effectiveness diminishes over time. Vaccination is advised for everyone aged six months and older, with special focus on high-risk populations such as the elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Economic evaluations show that vaccines are most cost-effective for those aged 65 and older. The report concludes that the 2024–2025 vaccines, which target the currently circulating Omicron strains (JN.1 and KP.2), are essential for ongoing protection and reducing severe outcomes, with a priority on ensuring equitable access Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Chinmay Center for Disease Control Source : Published on : September 25, 2024 MMWR, COVID VACCINATION The Impact of an Inflatable Colon Exhibit on Colorectal Cancer Awareness The research evaluated the impact of an inflatable colon exhibit on colorectal cancer (CRC) knowledge and screening intentions among 940 men at two state fairs in the Midwest in 2023. Using an observational cohort design, participants completed a presurvey, walked through the inflatable colon, and then completed a postsurvey. The surveys assessed changes in both actual and perceived knowledge of CRC and intentions to undergo screening. Results revealed a notable improvement in understanding key CRC concepts, such as the role of polyp removal in cancer prevention. Men over 45 had higher factual knowledge but lower perceived awareness. A majority (95.4%) found the exhibit to be an effective educational tool. The study concluded that community-based efforts, like the inflatable colon, are effective in boosting CRC knowledge and encouraging screening. It highlights the importance of using state fairs and similar events to reach underserved groups and promote early cancer detection. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Chinmay Center For Disease Control Source : Published on : September 25, 2024 Colorectal cancer, Research study, international health news Biotech policy and Vigyan Dhara: The Centre’s steps to strengthen innovation The Union cabinet recently approved a biotech policy to create high-performing manufacturing. The policy, Biotechnology for Economy, Environment and Employment (BioE3) , will accelerate innovation-driven support for green growth and the bio-economy and help India achieve its “Zero emissions by 2070” goal. Under this, biomanufacturing sites, Bio-A1 hubs, and bio-foundries will be established , which will subsequently increase employment opportunities. The cabinet also approved the continuation of three schemes that worked on institutional and human capacity building, research and development, and technology deployment. The three schemes will now be merged into one central scheme, “Vigyan Dhara ,” to ensure efficient fund utilization and will establish synchronization of the three schemes. Content Editor: Dr Swathi Shenoy Social trends Source : Published on : September 20, 2024 Innovation, Research and development Ministry of Women and Child Development wins National Award for Poshan Tracker Initiative The Ministry of Women and Child Development has been recognized for its innovative approach to improving child nutrition with the National Award for e-Governance 2024 (Gold) for its Poshan Tracker initiative. This digital tool, a key component of Mission Poshan 2.0, is revolutionizing how India tracks and addresses child malnutrition. The Poshan Tracker is making a difference through via various measures: : The Poshan Tracker utilizes Growth Measuring Devices (GMD) at Anganwadi Centers to collect accurate data on children's growth. This data is then entered into the system, allowing for real-time monitoring of each child's progress. Early identification: By comparing children's growth data with WHO standards, the Tracker identifies potential nutritional issues early on, enabling targeted interventions. The program empowers Anganwadi Workers to provide personalized support and nutritional counselling to children at risk. The Poshan Tracker is a testament to the power of technology in promoting child health and well-being. It has proven to be an invaluable tool in India's fight against malnutrition. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Shayari Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : September 17, 2024 Nutrition, ICDS, Poshan Maah FDA approves first Nasal Spray for Emergency Allergic Reactions The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Neffy, a novel epinephrine nasal spray, for the treatment of emergency allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. This marks a significant advancement in the management of severe allergies, offering an alternative to traditional injectable epinephrine. Key Features of Neffy include: It is approved for adults and children who weigh at least 66 lbs. The FDA fast-tracked the approval based on studies showing comparable levels of epinephrine in the blood after using the spray or injection. Neffy is administered with a single spray in one nostril, with a second dose recommended if symptoms don't improve. Possible side effects include throat irritation, tingling in the nose, and headaches. The FDA's announcement emphasizes the crucial need addressed by neffy, as individuals, particularly children, often delay seeking emergency treatment due to a fear of injections. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Shayari JAMA Source : Published on : September 17, 2024 Allergy Management , FDA Australian Government’s step towards equity: Increasing the insurance coverage Genetic testing is a method to identify genetic defects, which is a form of primary and secondary prevention. However, in Australia, individuals are hesitant to undergo these tests due to the subsequent discrimination they may face if the test results come back positive. The test results are to be mandatorily disclosed when applying for insurance and are often denied coverage based on the results. The Australian Government on Wednesday will announce a ban on this discrimination and eliminate the mandatory disclosure of genetic test results in insurance applications. This move aims to alleviate the fear of being denied coverage and encourage individuals to undergo genetic testing. Content Editor: Dr. Swathi Social trends Source : Published on : September 17, 2024 Insurance, Health, Universal health coverage Mental Health Initiative by the Delhi Government for healthy minds among School Children The Mental Health Initiative” was launched by the Delhi Commission for Protection of Child Rights in June 2020 for school students. The initiative aims to provide better health services to school students, contributing to a healthy mind, society, and a healthy nation. The Education Minister has assigned the Directorate of Education to draft a blueprint for including comprehensive counseling services in schools. A pilot involving 20,000 children was conducted across 20 government schools, wherein the children received counseling. Educational and Vocational Guidance Counselors (EVGC) and school psychologists provided support to help students maintain their mental health. Through these efforts, it has been observed how timely counseling can meet students’ mental health needs and reconnect them with their studies. Content Editor: Dr. Swathi Social trends Source : Published on : September 17, 2024 Mental health, Healthy mind, Adolescents NITI Aayog’s Pandemic Preparedness and Emergency Response Framework (PPER) The expert groups at NITI Ayog analyzed the COVID-19 situation in India and has come up with recommendations in the form of the Pandemic Preparedness and Emergency Response Framework (PPER) for action. The PPER emphasizes the importance of the first 100 days of an outbreak of a new pathogen and the need to develop a robust system capable of making strategic decisions and actions. The recommendation are framed under four pillars: 1. Governance, Legislation, Finance and Management : The expert group recommends the enactment of a Public Health Emergency Act Establishment of an empowered governance framework for public health response and a continuous monitoring group Preparing a plan for action for rapid response Initiating a PPER fund for all activities concerning preparedness and response. 2. Surveillance, Management of Data and Early Predictive Warning : A robust surveillance network linking data on human, animal and environment in the form of epidemiologic, genomic and clinical data Setting up more BSL3 and BSL4 laboratories for priority and unknown pathogens Leveraging Forecasting and Modelling for early prediction of emerging threats 3. Research and Innovation, Infrastructure, Capacity building : Developing countermeasures based on Research on priority pathogens Expanding production capabilities for drugs, vaccines, and diagnostic tools Strengthening supply chain and logistic management through infrastructure development and robust action plan for countermeasures Establishing institutes of innovation for research on diagnosis and management and for appropriate human capacity building. 4. Partnership, Community engagement and risk communication : Developing strategic plan for risk communication and community engagement Collaborating with private sector and international organizations. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Urmimala NITI Aayog Source : Published on : September 17, 2024 Public Health Preparedness, Pandemic Response, COVID-19 N-SPRITE Center at NIMHANS to collaborate with Karnataka Government The NIMHANS Suicide Prevention, Research, Implementation, and Training Engagement Centre (N-SPRITE) was inaugurated at NIMHANS in collaboration with the Department of Health, Government of Karnataka, on World Suicide Prevention Day. This centre aims to develop an effective Suicide Prevention Program and aligns with various mental health initiatives under the Karnataka government, such as the Karnataka Brain Health Initiative, the District Mental Health Programme, and other mental health schemes. N-SPRITE focuses on integrating mental health into public health services, with its primary objectives being the capacity building of healthcare workers and researchers in suicide prevention, using community-based and evidence-driven research. During the inauguration, exhibitions highlighted mental health initiatives led by Dr. Cherian, the head of N-SPRITE. These included digital mental health evaluations, self-harm registers and assessments, workplace mental health programs, and suicide prevention measures Content Editor: Dr. Urmimala Social Trends Source : Published on : September 17, 2024 Mental Health, Suicide Prevention Day, NIMHANS Polio vaccination coverage in Pakistan: Update from January 2023- June 2024 In 2023, Pakistan achieved an 86% national coverage rate for the third dose of the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) and the inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV). However, a survey indicated stark provincial differences, with routine OPV coverage ranging from 45.1% in Balochistan to 94.9% in Punjab. Provinces like Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Balochistan, and Sindh struggled to reach 80% coverage. Polio Supplementary Immunization Activities (SIAs) conducted in 2023 involved three National Immunization Days (NIDs) and seven Subnational Immunization Days (SNIDs). The SIAs were impacted by security challenges and community boycotts, particularly in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, where over 700,000 children were missed. Poliovirus surveillance in Pakistan remains robust, with environmental sampling detecting wild poliovirus (WPV1) in various provinces , indicating its continued circulation. Eight WPV1 cases were reported in 2024, compared to six in 2023. Efforts to enhance vaccination and surveillance are ongoing despite logistical hurdles, aiming to curb polio transmission in high-risk areas. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Manjeet Center for Disease Control and Prevention Source : Published on : September 14, 2024 Polio, Immunization, Surveillance, Public health State-level household energy insecurity linked to higher diabetes prevalence: Study findings Researchers utilized state-level data on household energy characteristics and diabetes diagnosis to investigate the relationship between household energy insecurity and diabetes prevalence in 2020 . Energy insecurity, which includes challenges such as forgoing food or medication to pay energy bills and living in unhealthy temperatures due to cost, was found to be more prevalent in southern states. The findings showed that households experiencing energy insecurity were more likely to have members diagnosed with diabetes . Southern states, including Mississippi, Alabama, and Texas, exhibited some of the highest rates of both energy insecurity and diabetes. The researchers emphasized the potential benefits of interventions focused on energy assistance, suggesting that such measures could help reduce the burden of diabetes management and complications during extreme weather conditions. These insights could shape future policies targeting both energy security and public health. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Manjeet Center for Disease Control and Prevention Source : Published on : September 14, 2024 Noncommunicable diseases, Energy, Risk factors, Research findings Epidemiological study of Mpox outbreak: Understanding the complexities of control In January 2023, a suspected mpox case in South Ubangi Province, DRC, was linked to cross-border travel from the Central African Republic (CAR). The index case, a man from Bangui, CAR, who frequently traveled between CAR and the DRC(Democratic Republic of Congo), fell ill with fever, headache, chills, and a rash after potential exposure to wildlife meat. He died in Mbaya General Reference Hospital nine days later. Contact tracing revealed two clusters: the first, linked to CAR, involved three symptomatic family contacts, with two testing positive for the MPXV genome. The second cluster, identified in the same hospital, included three suspected cases with no direct link to the first cluster but had temporal and spatial connections. Phylogenetic analysis of MPXV sequences from the clusters showed that all cases belonged to clade I a and were related to historical CAR cases, though direct links between CAR and DRC were inconclusive. The investigation also identified 109 suspected cases in the DRC from January to November 2023, with 56% confirmed positive for MPXV. The study underscores the complexity of managing mpox with zoonotic and human-to-human transmission dynamics, highlighting the need for improved regional surveillance, international cooperation, and addressing challenges like porous borders, disease stigma, and population displacement. Click here to read more. 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108-Headlines of the day (List) Public Health News Snippets 10-16th February 2025 Health concerns rise as two die from suspected Guillain Barre syndrome in Kolkata The West Bengal Health Department confirmed the deaths of two individuals aged 10 and 17 years to be due to Guillain Barre syndrome (GBS ). The first individual was a 17 year old adolescent from the North 24 Paraganas District. Though he passed away due to septic shock and myocarditis at NRS Medical College, Kolkata, doctors suspect that GBS was the underlying disease. The 10 year old child was admitted to BC Roy Hospital who hailed from Jagatdal in the North 24 Paraganas district. He died after receiving treatment for a week. On 29th January, a 48 year old man visited Dhaniakhali, Hooghly with symptoms of diarrhea for the past 4 days along with lower limb paralysis. He was put on oxygen due to respiratory issues, but was declared dead on arrival to Kolkata Medical college . The doctors suspected GBS in the case. This outbreak in Kolkata follows the outbreak in Pune affecting more than 100 people and is suspected to be due to contaminated water sources . Content Editor: Dr. Manu PHC Editorial Bureau Source : Published on : February 4, 2025 Outbreak, Surveillance, Guillain Barre Syndrome U.S. to Withdraw From WHO Over Alleged Bias and Funding Disparities President Donald Trump declared that the United States would exit from the World Health Organization (WHO ) within 12 months of January 20, 2025, citing concerns over its political influence and financial structure. Trump accused the WHO of acting under the “inappropriate political influence” of certain member states, particularly China. He claimed the organization mishandled global health crises, including COVID-19, by failing to act independently. The U.S., contributing 18% of WHO’s $6.8 billion budget, was its largest financial backer. Trump has criticized the unequal financial burden on the United States of America. This decision mirrors Trump’s attempt in 2020 to withdraw, citing similar concerns. The WHO denies allegations of bias and continues pressing China for data pertaining to the origin of COVID-19. The U.S. exit raises concerns about future global health funding and cooperation. Content Editor: Dr Mohammed Kasif PHC Editorial Bureau Source : Published on : February 4, 2025 Global health, Health funding, Pandemic response, World Health Organisation Targeted nutritional support to affected households can avert ~400,000 TB deaths by 2035 A recent modelling study conducted by researchers from London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London and Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore; published in Lancet Global health, has evaluated the cost-effectiveness of nutritional support for TB households in conjunction with impact of the intervention on further transmission of TB . The study estimated that about 900,000 TB episodes and around 400,000 fatalities can be prevented if India can implement nutritional support for all household contacts of TB patients in at least 50% of families where people are undergoing treatment for tuberculosis from 2023 to 2035. These figures correspond to preventing 2·2% (2·1–2·4) of all TB cases and 4·6% (4·2–5·5) of all TB fatalities. This proposed intervention would cost the nation around Rs.15k per DALYs prevented . The study also estimated that on the contrary nutritional support to only the patient undergoing TB treatment can avert 46700 new cases and 234,300 TB fatalities . Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. KH Reddy The Lancet Global Health Source : Published on : January 31, 2025 Tuberculosis, Infectious disease modelling, Nutrition, Health economics Pune Battles a Surge in Guillain-Barré Syndrome Cases The Pune Municipal Corporation, the Pimpri-Chinchiwad Municipal Corporation , and a few adjoining districts of Pune , Maharashtra, have reported about 127 cases of Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS ), with two suspected deaths and 20 patients on ventilators as of 30 January 2025. GBS is a rare autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks peripheral nerves, causing muscle weakness, numbness, and paralysis. Though its exact cause is unclear, it often follows viral or bacterial infections . The condition is more common in adults and males , with an incidence of 1–2 per 100,000 population. With cases rising, strengthened surveillance , early detection , and public awareness are crucial in managing the outbreak of GBS. The Union Ministry of Health & Family Welfare has deployed a team to assess the outbreak, while local health officials have surveyed over 25,500 households in affected areas. Postmortem and microbiological tests are being conducted to confirm the cause of death. Following this, local authorities have sent samples to the Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology (ICMR-NIV ) for further analysis. Content Editor: Dr. Mohammed Kasif Social Trends Source : Published on : January 30, 2025 Disease outbreak, Auto-immune disorder, Surveillance Pakistan detects the nation’s first Mpox case in 2025 The first case of Mpox in 2025 in Pakistan was detected at Peshawar airport in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. A 35-year-old man traveling from Dubai has been identified as the patient. The patient had reported symptoms of the disease and a recent travel history of visiting the Gulf countries . He was then transferred to the Police Services Hospital, where his samples were sent to the Public Health Reference Lab. His diagnosis was thus confirmed. The passenger’s flight details were also sent to the Peshawar Airport Manager to initiate contact tracing among the passengers of the same flight as the index case. This marks the 10th case of Mpox in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, with two cases seen in 2023, seven in 2024, and now one in 2025. Content Editor: Dr. Manu Social Trends Source : Published on : January 30, 2025 Outbreak, Surveillance, Mpox Outbreak due to unidentified toxic agent impacts Rajouri District in Jammu and Kashmir An outbreak that affected the Badhaal village in Rajouri district in Jammu and Kashmir led to 17 deaths, with over 38 people affected since December 2024. It has led to a multi-sectoral response by the State and Union governments to curb the outbreak. A Special Investigation Team (SIT ) led by the State police and supported by experts from the National Institute of Virology (NIV ), Pune, PGIMER Chandigarh, AIIMS, New Delhi, and National Centres for Disease Control (NCDC ), New Delhi was formed to investigate the possible causes. This was supplemented by an inter-ministerial team of experts from the M inistry of H ealth and F amily W elfare, the M inistry of A griculture & F armers’ W elfare, the M inistry of C hemicals and F ertilisers, and the M inistry of J al S hakti. Steps undertaken to control the outbreak - Active door-to-door surveillance has been carried out to screen residents for similar symptoms of high fever, body ache, vomiting, and unconsciousness , with 230 residents quarantined. Meanwhile, the police had also disallowed residents from drawing water from nearby wells and community feasting. Food is being supplied by the government under strict supervision. It seems to have been caused by an as-yet unidentified toxin . However, based on the symptoms, a neurotoxin is suspected after tests have turned out to be negative for all viruses, bacteria, or other pathogens. The search for the cause continues as rising deaths have led to the cancellation of leaves for healthcare staff in the district. Content Editor: Dr. Manu Social Trends Source : Published on : January 29, 2025 Outbreak Investigation, Epidemiology Empowering Sustainability: Remarkable Growth in India’s Renewable Energy Sector Non-Fossil Fuel Capacity: Total capacity, including nuclear energy reached 211.36 GW Solar Power: Showed the highest growth, with an increase of 20.1 GW (27.9%), rising from 72.02 GW to 92.12 GW and a total capacity of 250.57 GW when considering projects underway or tendered. Wind Energy: Grew by 7.8% rising from 44.29GW to 47.72GW Renewable Energy: Between April and October 2024, India added 12.6 GW of renewable energy capacity with 1.72GW added in October alone. Hydro and Nuclear Power: Hydropower contributed to 46.93 GW, while nuclear power accounted for 8.18 GW of the renewable energy mix. The expansion of renewable energy projects under implementation and tendered further accelerates India’s transition towards clean energy, reinforcing its commitment to sustainable development. Content Editor: Dr. Anubhav Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : January 29, 2025 Environment, Non fossil fuels, Fossil fuels, Sustainability Return of fluorosis in Nalgonda sparks concerns Following reports of cases of dental fluorosis detected in Marriguda Mandal of Nalgonda District, Hyderabad , the Department of Medicine and Health, Karnataka launched a household survey to identify cases of fluorosis in the district. Conducted by Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs), it was a door to door, household survey that covered over 34,800 contacts that tried to identify fluorosis symptoms in elderly and children . Over 100-150 cases of dental fluorosis and multiple cases of skeletal fluorosis were identified in the target age groups. This suggests a risk of relapse of fluorosis in a region that was free from the burden since 2020. The Nalgonda district has historically suffered from this scourge with over 1180 mandals affected. Mission Bhagirathi , launched in 2015 by the previous Karnataka government to supply potable water via taps was a successful initiative that ended the spread of cases. Authorities and activists have blamed faulty management of the water supply along with a use of groundwater rich in fluoride by reverse osmosis(RO) plants that led to consumption of rice and vegetables contaminated with fluoride rich water. In response, the government will analyze the survey data and plan further implementation of corrective measures. Content Editor: Dr. Manu District Flouride Monitoring Committee, Government of Telangana Source : Published on : January 28, 2025 Nutrition, Surveys, Water Pollution, Fluorosis Innovative Mango-flavored Tablet Shows Promise in Combating Intestinal Worm Infections A randomized trial published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases revealed that a mango-flavored tablet combining ivermectin and albendazole is more effective against soil-transmitted helminth (STH ) infections, especially Trichuris trichiura (whipworm), than albendazole alone. The study, involving 1,001 children in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Mozambique, showed cure rates of 97.2% for a three-dose regimen (FDCx3) and 82.9% for a single dose (FDCx1) , compared to 35.9% for albendazole alone . The treatment was safe, with mild gastrointestinal side effects resolving within 48 hours, and was well-accepted by children for its taste, smell, and texture. The fixed-dose combination (FDC ) also holds promise for treating Strongyloides stercoralis , which is resistant to albendazole but responsive to ivermectin. Researchers believe this FDC could enhance STH control efforts, supporting mass de-worming programs and individual treatments, potentially redefining global elimination goals. Further studies are planned to evaluate its broader implementation in endemic regions Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Chinmay Lancet Source : Published on : January 28, 2025 Randomised Control Trial, Infectious Disease, New Drug, International Health News Marburg Virus Outbreak Suspected in Tanzania: WHO Issues Regional Alert The WHO has reported a suspected Marburg virus outbreak in Tanzania’s Kagera region, which experienced a similar outbreak in 2023. As of January 11, nine suspected cases, including eight deaths, have been identified. With healthcare workers among those affected, it underscores the risk of transmission in medical settings. Patients displayed symptoms like fever, headache, muscle pain, and bloody vomiting . Samples from two cases are under testing, with results pending. Kagera, near Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi, is a transit hub, raising concerns about cross-border spread . The WHO rates the risk to Tanzania and the region as high due to the virus’s lethality and unknown origin but considers global risk low . No approved vaccines or treatments exist, complicating containment efforts. Content Editor: Dr. Chinmay Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy (CIDRAP) Source : Published on : January 27, 2025 Marburg virus, International Health News, Viral Hemorrhagic Fever WHO Reports New Marburg Virus Outbreak in Tanzania’s Kagera Region The World Health Organization (WHO ) has announced a suspected Marburg virus outbreak in Tanzania's Kagera region, which had previously experienced an outbreak in 2023. On January 10, the WHO was informed of six suspected cases, five of them fatal, showing symptoms of viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF ), including headache, fever, muscle pain, diarrhea, and vomiting with blood. By January 11, the number of suspected cases had risen to nine , with eight fatalities. Health workers are among the suspected cases, highlighting the risk of transmission in healthcare settings. Although there is no approved treatment or vaccine for Marburg virus, an investigational vaccine was used in Rwanda's 2023 outbreak to protect health workers. Due to its high fatality rate , infections among health workers and the virus’s unclear source, the WHO has assessed the risk to Tanzania as high. Kagera’s location as a transit hub with significant cross-border movement adds to the regional risk. However, the global risk remains low , as Kagera is not near major international airports. Content Editor: Dr. Subhana Siyad Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy (CIDRAP) Source : Published on : January 18, 2025 Outbreak, Viral Haemorrhagic Fever From Heatwaves to Waistlines: The Climate-Obesity Relationship Climate change is emerging to be a contributor to obesity, which is also driven by a complex mix of genetic, behavioral, and social factors. Rising temperatures impact behavior, leading to reduced physical activity and changes in diet, especially in developing countries. Research studies found that a 1°C increase in temperature was linked to a 4% rise in children's BMI and a 2% increase in women's BMI . The studies showed a U-shaped relationship between temperature and BMI meaning higher rates of obesity at both high and low temperatures. Extreme heat also has long-term consequences, causing people to stay indoors and rely on more calorie-dense, processed foods due to higher agricultural prices and lower crop yields. The nutritional content of crops are also affected as climate change causes decrease in protein levels in staples like rice and wheat. Rising temperatures further affect obesity by decreasing energy expenditure through adaptive thermogenesis, a process that helps regulate body temperature. To combat these effects, experts emphasize solutions like increased physical education in schools and climate-resilient agricultural practices to improve nutrition and prevent obesity. Content Editor: Dr. Subhana Siyad John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Source : Published on : January 18, 2025 Climate Change, Obesity From Poverty Reduction to TB Control: The Success of Brazil’s Bolsa Família Program A landmark study conducted by Jesus GS, Pinto PFPS, Silva AF et al. involving 54.5 million low-income Brazilians demonstrated that conditional cash transfer programs like Brazil’s Bolsa Família Program (BFP) can help achieve global tuberculosis (TB) targets. Implemented in 2004, the BFP provides financial support to poor families on the condition that they meet specific health and education requirements. The study analyzed TB incidence, mortality, and case fatality rates between 2004 and 2015, comparing BFP beneficiaries (23.9 million) with non-beneficiaries (30.6 million). Results showed a significant reduction in TB cases and deaths among beneficiaries , with a more than 50% decrease in extremely poor individuals and 60% among indigenous populations. The improved access to food , reducing food insecurity and malnutrition —a key TB risk factor—was identified as a major reason for these outcomes. The study underscores the role of social protection programs in reducing TB burden , highlighting their potential to support global health goals, including the END-TB strategy and the Sustainable Development Goals . Content Editor: Dr. Subhana Siyad Barcelona Institute for Global Health ISGlobal Source : Published on : January 18, 2025 Cash Transfer, Tuberculosis Next chapter in Atmanirbhar Bharat: Indigenous Paracetamol production Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh unveiled the indegenously produced medication "Paracetamol" by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) on the 40th Foundation Day of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR) at the Dr. Ambedkar International Centre, New Delhi. In line with the goal of "Self-Reliant India," this invention by CSIR, which is affiliated to the Ministry of Science & Technology, Government of India, intends to make India self-reliant in the production of paracetamol by lowering reliance on imported chemicals. Satya Deeptha Pharmaceuticals Ltd., a company based in Karnataka, will use this innovation to manufacture reasonably priced paracetamol domestically. Content Editor: Dr. Subhana Siyad Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : January 18, 2025 Drug Production India’s Surveillance Systems on Alert Amid Global Respiratory Illness Trends To address the growing number of respiratory disease cases in China, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW ) convened a Joint Monitoring Group (JMG ) meeting. The World Health Organisation (WHO) , Disaster Management Cell , Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) , National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) , and Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) were among the organisations that sent experts to take part in the meeting. Following conclusions were drawn after the meeting: The surge in respiratory illnesses in China is linked to common seasonal pathogens like the Influenza virus, RSV, and HMPV, which are already circulating globally, including in India. India has a robust surveillance system in place for Influenza Like Illness (ILI ) and Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (SARI ), which is not showing any concerning trends. As a precaution, the ICMR will increase HMPV testing . According to data from recent preparedness drills, India is prepared to deal with an increase in respiratory infections, and its health systems are alert to new threats. Content Editor: Dr. Subhana Siyad Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : January 18, 2025 Respiratory Illness, Surveillance Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY Takes Off in Odisha, Strengthening Healthcare for Millions On 13th January 2025, Odisha took a step towards ‘Viksit Bharat’ and ‘Utkarsh Odisha’ by becoming the 34th state to implement the Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB PM-JAY ), following a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the National Health Authority (NHA ) AB PM-JAY will converge with Odisha’s existing G opabandhu J an A rogya Y ojana (GJAY ), offering a health cover of Rs 5 lakh per family per year , with an additional Rs 5 lakh for women members . It will cover around 1.03 crore families (4.5 crore people) and provide access to nearly 2,000 medical procedures across 27 specialties. The scheme also benefits people aged 70 and above through the Ayushman Vay Vandana Card . The scheme will provide cashless treatment in over 29,000 empaneled hospitals, significantly benefiting Odisha’s tribal, underprivileged, and migrant populations. The impact of the program since its inception includes 8.19 crore hospital admissions, ₹1.13 lakh crore spent on healthcare for marginalized communities, In remote and conflict-prone areas, such as Bastar and Bijapur, hospital admissions have increased, In Madhya Pradesh, there was a 30-fold rise in hospital admissions, Additionally, access to cancer treatment has increased by 33% , improving early diagnosis and health-seeking behavior, especially among women. Content Editor: Dr. Subhana Siyad Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : January 18, 2025 Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY, Health Insurance Strengthen Monitoring and Evaluation of Food Products: GAO Recommendations to FDA The Food and Drug Association (FDA ) oversees nearly 80% of the United States’ food supply, including vegetables, fruits, processed and packaged foods, and seafood. Millions of Americans annually suffer from foodborne illnesses, highlighting the importance of food-related inspections . As per the G overnment A ccountability O ffice, the FDA has failed to meet the mandated inspection targets for domestic and foreign food facilities since 2018. Average annual domestic inspections by the FDA (2018-2023): 8,353; however, high-risk facilities were not inspected as mandated due to COVID-19 disruptions. Foreign inspections: Only 9% of the FDA's annual target of 19,200 foreign inspections were met in 2019, with an average of just 917 inspections per year. As of July 2024, the FDA had only 432 investigators, which is about 90% of its capacity, hampering inspection efforts. The Government Accountability Office (GAO ) recommended The US Congress should direct the FDA to determine and communicate realistic annual foreign inspection targets . The FDA should improve procedures to minimize incomplete inspections and establish a performance management process for food safety. Content Editor: Dr Tanya USGAO Source : Published on : January 17, 2025 Food Handling, Food Packaging, FDA Assessment of Uptake and Disparities in RSV Prevention Measures Among Infants: Insights from a US-based study In 2023, two new interventions to protect infants from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV ) became available in the United States: RSVpreF vaccine for pregnant individuals to be administered at 32-36 weeks gestation - RSVpreF, which protects infants through maternal vaccination, demonstrated an efficacy of 82% against severe RSV disease in the first few months of life. Nirsevimab , a monoclonal antibody for infants under 8 months - Nirsevimab was approved in the US for use in infants and showed high efficacy in clinical trials, with an 81% reduction in RSV-related hospitalizations. A study was conducted at Kaiser Permanente Northern California to assess the effect on uptake of RSVpreF and nirsevimab of various sociodemographic factors associated. Objective: To estimate the uptake of protective measures against RSV amongst mothers and infants born in at KPNC. Methods: Data from electronic medical records of infants born at KPNC to mothers aged 15 years to 49 years October 17, 2023 and March 31, 2024 was reviewed. Results: The results revealed that out of 17,251 infants, 77.5% received protection through either RSVpreF or Nirsevimab. 33.9% were exposed solely to RSVpreF, while 40.9% received only nirsevimab. A small percentage (2.7%) received both interventions. Notably, younger mothers were less likely to have received RSVpreF but more likely to have their infants receive nirsevimab. Conclusion: Nearly 80% of infants born during the RSV season received protection against the virus, with disparities in vaccination rates among different demographic groups. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Tanya JAMA Network Source : Published on : January 17, 2025 Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Communicable Diseases, Vaccines Re-evaluating Water Fluoridation: Cognitive Impact and Safety Concerns Water fluoridation, long considered a public health success for preventing tooth decay, is now debated due to its possible link to lower I.Q. scores in children. A recent JAMA Pediatrics study reviewed 74 studies from 10 countries, revealing an inverse relationship between fluoride exposure and cognitive abilities . Although fluoride levels in U.S. drinking water are typically low, nearly three million Americans consume water exceeding 1.5 parts per million. Critics question the necessity of water fluoridation, suggesting that topical fluoride from toothpaste and dental treatments may be sufficient . Former NIEHS director Linda Birnbaum highlights concerns about fluoride’s potential neurotoxicity and advises limiting exposure for pregnant women and infants. Advocates for further investigation urge an unbiased evaluation of fluoride’s safety and efficacy, warning that failure to address these concerns could erode public trust in health policies. A reassessment of fluoride’s role in public health remains critical. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Chinmay JAMA Pediatrics Source : Published on : January 16, 2025 Water Fluoridation, Public health measures Urgent Call to Address Cryptosporidiosis: A Neglected Threat to Child Health Cryptosporidiosis is a severe public health issue, causing acute diarrhea, malnutrition, developmental delays, and high child mortality, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, South America, and Asia. Responsible for 7.5 million cases and 200,000 child deaths annually , the disease primarily affects children under five. Existing treatment, nitazoxanide , is largely ineffective for malnourished or immunocompromised patients, leaving a critical need for better solutions. The Cryptosporidiosis Therapeutics Advocacy Group (CTAG ) is pushing for its inclusion in the WHO’s list of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) , which would drive global awareness, funding, and collaboration. Such recognition could enhance global awareness, increase funding, and foster collaboration, thereby catalyzing research efforts, expediting the development of treatments and vaccines, and encouraging pharmaceutical companies to invest through incentives like FDA priority review vouchers. Promising new treatments are currently in clinical trials, offering hope for effective solutions. Global action is essential to reduce cryptosporidiosis’s devastating impact on vulnerable populations, especially young children in low-income regions. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Chinmay Global Health Now (Johns Hopkins School of Public Health) Source : Published on : January 16, 2025 Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD), Cryptosporidiosis, International Health News National AYUSH Mission's Impact Highlighted in New Film Series The Ministry of AYUSH launched the film series "AYUSH for All: Holistic Health Care through National AYUSH Mission," showcasing the significant impact of the N ational A YUSH M ission (NAM ) in delivering affordable and holistic healthcare, particularly to rural and underserved communities. NAM Achievements Establishment of 167 integrated AYUSH Hospitals and upgradation of 416 hospitals and 5036 dispensaries . Integrated provision of AYUSH services in 2322 Primary Health Centres (PHCs) , 715 Community Health Centres (CHCs) , and 314 District Hospitals (DHs) . Supply of essential medicines to 996 hospitals and 12,405 dispensaries every year. Establishment of 3883 Yoga Wellness Centres , 1055 AYUSH Grams , and 12,500 Ayushman Arogya Mandirs . The Mission is working towards decreasing healthcare costs, expanding access to traditional healthcare, and promoting hollistic care across the nation. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Shayari Press Information Bureau of India Source : Published on : January 11, 2025 National AYUSH Mission Health Ministry Cracks Down on Fake Drug Network in Kolkata The Union Health Ministry, in collaboration with the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO ) (East Zone) and Drugs Control Directorate, West Bengal authorities, conducted a raid in Kolkata, resulting in a significant seizure of counterfeit drugs. Spurious anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and other drugs valued at approximately ₹6.60 crore were confiscated from 'M/s Care and Cure For You' in Kolkata. The drugs were falsely labeled as being imported from countries such as Ireland, Turkey, the USA, and Bangladesh but lacked proper import documentation , confirming their counterfeit nature. The wholesale firm's proprietor was arrested and placed in 14-day judicial custody to aid further investigation. Samples of the seized drugs have been sent for quality testing, and authorities are working to uncover the full extent of the illegal drug network. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Shayari Press Information Bureau of India Source : Published on : January 11, 2025 Drug Quality, Counterfeit Drug Prevention NAMASTE scheme in focus: 9th meeting reviews implementation of Manual Scavengers Act, 2013 Union Minister Dr. Virendra Kumar chaired 9th Central Monitoring Committee meeting to review Supreme Court orders on manual scavenging Only 257 districts have uploaded manual scavenging-free certificates ; Minister urged immediate compliance from remaining districts States/UTs directed to establish mandatory committees and commissions under MS Act, 2013 Government launched NAMASTE (N ational A ction for M echanized S anitation E cosystem) scheme to ensure safety of sewer workers , aiming for zero fatalities and mechanized cleaning last year. Meeting attended by National Commission for Safai Karamcharies officials and representatives from states, UTs, and central ministries Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Prachi Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : January 10, 2025 Sanitation NIMHANS Golden Jubilee Celebrations: Advancing Mental Health Care in India The Hon’ble President of India addressed the Golden Jubilee Celebrations of NIMHANS in Bengaluru in the presence of Shri JP Nadda, Union Health Minister and Shri Siddaramaiah, Chief Minister of Karnataka. The President lauded NIMHANS for its innovative research and contributions to mental healthcare evolution in India. She highlighted the Bellary model and Tele-MANAS , which served 70 lakh people in two years, as benchmarks in mental health delivery. NIMHANS received the prestigious Nelson Mandela Award for Health Promotion from WHO . New facilities include: Psychiatry Speciality Block for holistic mental health care and rehabilitation. Central Laboratory Complex combining five advanced diagnostic services. Advanced 3T MRI scanner and DSA system for precision diagnostics. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Anamika Press Information Bureau of India Source : Published on : January 10, 2025 NIMHANS, mental health care, neurosciences 2024: A Landmark Year for Disability Inclusion in India From expanding rehabilitation infrastructure to fostering collaborations and celebrating diversity, the year 2024 highlighted a strong commitment towards empowering persons with disabilities (Divyangjan ) and ensuring their active participation in all aspects of life. India celebrated nine years of Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan , promoting barrier-free infrastructure and services for persons with disabilities. A 24x7 National Disability Helpline (14456) was launched, and over 10,000 pages were made accessible for visually impaired individuals. The Indian Sign Language dictionary was expanded with 2,500 new terms, and concept videos were introduced for hearing-impaired students. New employability courses and vocational training programs were launched. Thirty-five new District Disability Rehabilitation Centres were established. Events like Purple Fest and Divya Kala Mela showcased inclusivity and entrepreneurial talent across the country. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Anamika Press Information Bureau of India Source : Published on : January 10, 2025 Disability, inclusion, Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) in India, cases reported. During the routine surveillance of ICMR for various viral pathogens causing respiratory illness, two infants admitted with bronchopneumonia tested positive for HMPV. These infants include a 8-month-old infant , currently recovering and a 3-month-old who has been discharged, both having no history of travel outside India HMPV has spread globally and cases are being reported and documented Continuous monitoring through various surveillance channels and preparedness drills are being ensured by the Union Health Ministry, India. Moreover, Public health interventions are ready to be deployed if there is a potential increase in such cases. Content Editor: Dr Sivanthiga Press information bureau Source : Published on : January 7, 2025 Public Health Surveillance,Health System Preparedness, HMPV 8th Siddha Day - advancing public health through ancient wisdom The 8th Siddha Day , themed Siddha for Public Health , was celebrated on December 19, 2024, in Chennai. It was organized by the Central Council for Research in Siddha (CCRS ), Ministry of Ayush, in association with the National Institute of Siddha and the Tamil Nadu Government. The event was attended by 1500 participants. Awards were presented for academic excellence, contributions to Siddha medicine, and winners of mini-projects. A medicinal plants expo showcased 240 live plants, raw materials, ancient manuscripts, and therapies. The Siddha Formulary of India Part 3 (Tamil) and event souvenirs were released during the celebration. Content Editor: Dr Anamika Press Information Bureau of India Source : Published on : January 7, 2025 Siddha medicine, CCRS, AYUSH National conference of Homoeopathy in mental health The National Conference on Homoeopathy in Mental Health was held on December 23-24, 2024, at NHRIMH, Kottayam, as part of its golden jubilee celebrations. Organized by NHRIMH under CCRH, Ministry of Ayush, the event focused on Optimizing the Role of Homoeopathy in Promoting Mental Health . Inaugurated by the Minister of Ayush via video message, the event included brainstorming sessions, panel discussions, and lectures. Eminent speakers discussed topics like integrative medicine, autism, ethics, and AI in mental health care. The conference emphasized Homoeopathy's role in safe and minimal side-effect interventions in mental health. Competitions, case presentations, and research insights enriched the event. The conference explored a future roadmap for Homoeopathic integration in research, education, and care through stakeholder discussions. Content Editor: Dr Anamika Press Information Bureau of India Source : Published on : January 7, 2025 Homoeopathy, Mental Health, AYUSH Paradox of moderate drinking, the potential health benefits and conflicts of interest in Stroke and CHD The December Evidence Review by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine has re-established the hypothesis that moderate drinking may reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke deaths , as well as overall mortality, compared to absolute alcohol abstenance. Key findings of the study with regards to moderate drinking stated: 10% increase in breast cancer risk. 18% reduction in cardiovascular disease deaths 16% lower risk of all-cause mortality. Increased incidence of colorectal, esophageal, and head and neck cancers. The meta-analysis included only four studies, one indicating that moderate drinking might lower the risk of sudden cardiac death in women. However, these conclusions are based on observational studies that show correlations but do not establish a cause-and-effect relationship. The 2020 US dietary guidelines acknowledged that even moderate drinking increased the risk of mortality due to alcohol consumption but maintained that up to 2 drinks per day for men and 1 for women is within safe limits . In contrast, health authorities from the World Health Organization and several countries assert that there is no safe level of alcohol consumption. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Tanya Consensus study report by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Source : Published on : January 7, 2025 Addiction, Alcohol, Neoplasm WHO deploys expert team to investigate mysterious outbreak in DR Congo First identified in late October, the outbreak has now resulted in 394 cases and 30 deaths, with symptoms including fever, cough, breathing difficulties, headache, and anemia. The WHO's team, which includes epidemiologists, clinicians, and lab technicians, is aiding local authorities in surveillance and case identification. Samples are being analyzed in Kigali, with results expected soon. The outbreak has prompted heightened traveler screening in Hong Kong for those arriving from DRC-related hubs. Meanwhile, a patient in Ohio, recently arriving from Tanzania, was briefly hospitalized for flu-like symptoms but is no longer in isolation. For further reading, Click here Content Editor Dr. Anubhav World Health Organisation Source : Published on : January 4, 2025 Outbreak investigation, International Health Polio resurgence in Pakistan, Nigeria, and Chad amid persistent challenges Pakistan reported three new wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) cases, all from Sindh, Balochistan, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, bringing its 2024 total to 48. These cases, with onset in October, reflect a sharp rise this year. In Nigeria, seven more circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) cases were reported, raising the country’s total for 2024 to 80. The new cases span five states, including Katsina, Jigawa, and Yobe. Chad confirmed two new cVDPV2 cases, bringing its total to 15 for the year. Contributing to the rise in cases are forced repatriations, particularly of around 730,000 Afghan refugees, as well as vaccine hesitancy, militant opposition, and attacks on vaccination teams in conflict zones. These challenges, including unpredictable population movements and barriers in reaching high-risk areas, continue to hinder polio eradication efforts in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and neighboring regions. Content Editor Dr. Anubhav Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) Source : Published on : January 4, 2025 Polio, International health, infectious diseases, disease eradication Incentive-based policy reduces antibiotic prescriptions in children in Japan A 2018 Japanese policy offering financial incentives for not prescribing antibiotics to children aged 3 and younger with viral infections aimed to address Japan's high rates of inappropriate antibiotic use, as highlighted by a 2015 global survey. The study, following over 165,000 children, reported: 44.9% reduction in antibiotic prescriptions within the first month, with a sustained 19.5% decrease over 48 months. Broad-spectrum antibiotic use dropped by 24.4%. Physicians were incentivized with ¥800 per case to avoid unnecessary antibiotics, coupled with educating caregivers on viral infections. The policy did not result in higher healthcare costs or adverse outcomes. This evidence supports incentive-based strategies as effective tools for reducing unnecessary antibiotic use while empowering healthcare providers and educating the public. Content Editor: Dr. Anubhav Journal of Infectious Diseases Society of America Source : Published on : January 4, 2025 Antibiotic resistance, International health Over 1 in 5 adults worldwide has genital herpes: Need for better prevention and treatment options- WHO The World Health Organization, in its press release from 11 December 2024, cited a key study published on 10 December 2024, which estimated that 'Over 1 in 5 adults worldwide, i.e., approximately 846 million people aged 15-49, have genital herpes.' Further, more than 200 million people aged 15 to 49 had at least one symptomatic episode in 2020. Each year, around 42 million people acquire a new infection, underscoring the critical need for improved prevention and treatment strategies. As is known, most infections cause few or no symptoms, but some people experience painful genital sores and blisters. There is no definitive cure for genital herpes, but treatment can relieve symptoms. Condoms reduce the risk of transmission. As is known, HSV-2 is more serious and is linked with a higher risk of HIV. HSV-I primarily causes oral herpes but can also cause genital infections. The WHO emphasized the need for better prevention treatment options and, notably, increased research for new vaccines and therapies. Content Editor: Dr. Sathya Prashaath Sexually Transmitted Infections. DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2024-056307 Source : Published on : January 4, 2025 Genital herpes, sexually transmitted infections India's efforts in ensuring Women’s Dignity and Safety Sanitation and Safety : Emphasizing the importance of sanitation for women's dignity and safety, addressing open defecation and the high cost of sanitary napkins. Swachh Bharat Mission : Through a saturation approach, access to safe sanitation through the construction of 11.64 crore household toilets, access to tap water connections for 15.13 crore rural households, and provision of clean cooking gas connections to over 10.3 crore women Community and Public Toilets : Construction of these facilities aids marginalized groups, including women, by reducing health risks and exposure to unsafe public spaces. Swachh Vidyalaya Mission : Ensuring functional toilets for girls in schools, with 97.48% of government schools having separate girls' toilets. Menstrual Hygiene Management : Making sanitary napkins tax-exempt and affordable, promoting menstrual hygiene, and increasing girls' enrollment in educational institutions. Working Women Hostels : Commitment to providing safe and affordable hostel facilities with clean toilets for working women through the "Sakhi Niwas" component of Mission Shakti. Content Editor: Dr. Sathya Prashaath Press Information Bureau, Government of India (Release ID: 2085610) Source : Published on : January 3, 2025 Swachh Bharat Mission, Menstrual Hygiene Management, Sakhi Niwas Government of India provides data on current health infrastructure status under NPNCD Under NP-NCD, 770 District NCD Clinics, 372 District Day Care Centres, 233 Cardiac Care Units, and 6410 Community Health Centre-based NCD Clinics have been set up as of 20 December 2024, as informed by the Union Minister of Health and Family Welfare in a written reply in the Lok Sabha. As directed in the NPNCD guidelines, these centres focus on curative services, while the community level outreach focuses on the prevention of and screening for common NCDs like diabetes, hypertension, and various cancers. Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) play a crucial role in raising awareness and promoting healthy lifestyles. Content Editor : Dr. Sathya Prashaath Press Information Bureau of India, Government of India (Release ID: 2086515). 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103-Headlines of the day (List) Public Health News Snippets 6-12th January 2025 National AYUSH Mission's Impact Highlighted in New Film Series The Ministry of AYUSH launched the film series "AYUSH for All: Holistic Health Care through National AYUSH Mission," showcasing the significant impact of the N ational A YUSH M ission (NAM ) in delivering affordable and holistic healthcare, particularly to rural and underserved communities. NAM Achievements Establishment of 167 integrated AYUSH Hospitals and upgradation of 416 hospitals and 5036 dispensaries . Integrated provision of AYUSH services in 2322 Primary Health Centres (PHCs) , 715 Community Health Centres (CHCs) , and 314 District Hospitals (DHs) . Supply of essential medicines to 996 hospitals and 12,405 dispensaries every year. Establishment of 3883 Yoga Wellness Centres , 1055 AYUSH Grams , and 12,500 Ayushman Arogya Mandirs . The Mission is working towards decreasing healthcare costs, expanding access to traditional healthcare, and promoting hollistic care across the nation. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Shayari Press Information Bureau of India Source : Published on : January 11, 2025 National AYUSH Mission Health Ministry Cracks Down on Fake Drug Network in Kolkata The Union Health Ministry, in collaboration with the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO ) (East Zone) and Drugs Control Directorate, West Bengal authorities, conducted a raid in Kolkata, resulting in a significant seizure of counterfeit drugs. Spurious anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and other drugs valued at approximately ₹6.60 crore were confiscated from 'M/s Care and Cure For You' in Kolkata. The drugs were falsely labeled as being imported from countries such as Ireland, Turkey, the USA, and Bangladesh but lacked proper import documentation , confirming their counterfeit nature. The wholesale firm's proprietor was arrested and placed in 14-day judicial custody to aid further investigation. Samples of the seized drugs have been sent for quality testing, and authorities are working to uncover the full extent of the illegal drug network. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Shayari Press Information Bureau of India Source : Published on : January 11, 2025 Drug Quality, Counterfeit Drug Prevention NAMASTE scheme in focus: 9th meeting reviews implementation of Manual Scavengers Act, 2013 Union Minister Dr. Virendra Kumar chaired 9th Central Monitoring Committee meeting to review Supreme Court orders on manual scavenging Only 257 districts have uploaded manual scavenging-free certificates ; Minister urged immediate compliance from remaining districts States/UTs directed to establish mandatory committees and commissions under MS Act, 2013 Government launched NAMASTE (N ational A ction for M echanized S anitation E cosystem) scheme to ensure safety of sewer workers , aiming for zero fatalities and mechanized cleaning last year. Meeting attended by National Commission for Safai Karamcharies officials and representatives from states, UTs, and central ministries Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Prachi Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : January 10, 2025 Sanitation NIMHANS Golden Jubilee Celebrations: Advancing Mental Health Care in India The Hon’ble President of India addressed the Golden Jubilee Celebrations of NIMHANS in Bengaluru in the presence of Shri JP Nadda, Union Health Minister and Shri Siddaramaiah, Chief Minister of Karnataka. The President lauded NIMHANS for its innovative research and contributions to mental healthcare evolution in India. She highlighted the Bellary model and Tele-MANAS , which served 70 lakh people in two years, as benchmarks in mental health delivery. NIMHANS received the prestigious Nelson Mandela Award for Health Promotion from WHO . New facilities include: Psychiatry Speciality Block for holistic mental health care and rehabilitation. Central Laboratory Complex combining five advanced diagnostic services. Advanced 3T MRI scanner and DSA system for precision diagnostics. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Anamika Press Information Bureau of India Source : Published on : January 10, 2025 NIMHANS, mental health care, neurosciences 2024: A Landmark Year for Disability Inclusion in India From expanding rehabilitation infrastructure to fostering collaborations and celebrating diversity, the year 2024 highlighted a strong commitment towards empowering persons with disabilities (Divyangjan ) and ensuring their active participation in all aspects of life. India celebrated nine years of Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan , promoting barrier-free infrastructure and services for persons with disabilities. A 24x7 National Disability Helpline (14456) was launched, and over 10,000 pages were made accessible for visually impaired individuals. The Indian Sign Language dictionary was expanded with 2,500 new terms, and concept videos were introduced for hearing-impaired students. New employability courses and vocational training programs were launched. Thirty-five new District Disability Rehabilitation Centres were established. Events like Purple Fest and Divya Kala Mela showcased inclusivity and entrepreneurial talent across the country. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Anamika Press Information Bureau of India Source : Published on : January 10, 2025 Disability, inclusion, Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) in India, cases reported. During the routine surveillance of ICMR for various viral pathogens causing respiratory illness, two infants admitted with bronchopneumonia tested positive for HMPV. These infants include a 8-month-old infant , currently recovering and a 3-month-old who has been discharged, both having no history of travel outside India HMPV has spread globally and cases are being reported and documented Continuous monitoring through various surveillance channels and preparedness drills are being ensured by the Union Health Ministry, India. Moreover, Public health interventions are ready to be deployed if there is a potential increase in such cases. Content Editor: Dr Sivanthiga Press information bureau Source : Published on : January 7, 2025 Public Health Surveillance,Health System Preparedness, HMPV 8th Siddha Day - advancing public health through ancient wisdom The 8th Siddha Day , themed Siddha for Public Health , was celebrated on December 19, 2024, in Chennai. It was organized by the Central Council for Research in Siddha (CCRS ), Ministry of Ayush, in association with the National Institute of Siddha and the Tamil Nadu Government. The event was attended by 1500 participants. Awards were presented for academic excellence, contributions to Siddha medicine, and winners of mini-projects. A medicinal plants expo showcased 240 live plants, raw materials, ancient manuscripts, and therapies. The Siddha Formulary of India Part 3 (Tamil) and event souvenirs were released during the celebration. Content Editor: Dr Anamika Press Information Bureau of India Source : Published on : January 7, 2025 Siddha medicine, CCRS, AYUSH National conference of Homoeopathy in mental health The National Conference on Homoeopathy in Mental Health was held on December 23-24, 2024, at NHRIMH, Kottayam, as part of its golden jubilee celebrations. Organized by NHRIMH under CCRH, Ministry of Ayush, the event focused on Optimizing the Role of Homoeopathy in Promoting Mental Health . Inaugurated by the Minister of Ayush via video message, the event included brainstorming sessions, panel discussions, and lectures. Eminent speakers discussed topics like integrative medicine, autism, ethics, and AI in mental health care. The conference emphasized Homoeopathy's role in safe and minimal side-effect interventions in mental health. Competitions, case presentations, and research insights enriched the event. The conference explored a future roadmap for Homoeopathic integration in research, education, and care through stakeholder discussions. Content Editor: Dr Anamika Press Information Bureau of India Source : Published on : January 7, 2025 Homoeopathy, Mental Health, AYUSH Paradox of moderate drinking, the potential health benefits and conflicts of interest in Stroke and CHD The December Evidence Review by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine has re-established the hypothesis that moderate drinking may reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke deaths , as well as overall mortality, compared to absolute alcohol abstenance. Key findings of the study with regards to moderate drinking stated: 10% increase in breast cancer risk. 18% reduction in cardiovascular disease deaths 16% lower risk of all-cause mortality. Increased incidence of colorectal, esophageal, and head and neck cancers. The meta-analysis included only four studies, one indicating that moderate drinking might lower the risk of sudden cardiac death in women. However, these conclusions are based on observational studies that show correlations but do not establish a cause-and-effect relationship. The 2020 US dietary guidelines acknowledged that even moderate drinking increased the risk of mortality due to alcohol consumption but maintained that up to 2 drinks per day for men and 1 for women is within safe limits . In contrast, health authorities from the World Health Organization and several countries assert that there is no safe level of alcohol consumption. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Tanya Consensus study report by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Source : Published on : January 7, 2025 Addiction, Alcohol, Neoplasm WHO deploys expert team to investigate mysterious outbreak in DR Congo First identified in late October, the outbreak has now resulted in 394 cases and 30 deaths, with symptoms including fever, cough, breathing difficulties, headache, and anemia. The WHO's team, which includes epidemiologists, clinicians, and lab technicians, is aiding local authorities in surveillance and case identification. Samples are being analyzed in Kigali, with results expected soon. The outbreak has prompted heightened traveler screening in Hong Kong for those arriving from DRC-related hubs. Meanwhile, a patient in Ohio, recently arriving from Tanzania, was briefly hospitalized for flu-like symptoms but is no longer in isolation. For further reading, Click here Content Editor Dr. Anubhav World Health Organisation Source : Published on : January 4, 2025 Outbreak investigation, International Health Polio resurgence in Pakistan, Nigeria, and Chad amid persistent challenges Pakistan reported three new wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) cases, all from Sindh, Balochistan, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, bringing its 2024 total to 48. These cases, with onset in October, reflect a sharp rise this year. In Nigeria, seven more circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) cases were reported, raising the country’s total for 2024 to 80. The new cases span five states, including Katsina, Jigawa, and Yobe. Chad confirmed two new cVDPV2 cases, bringing its total to 15 for the year. Contributing to the rise in cases are forced repatriations, particularly of around 730,000 Afghan refugees, as well as vaccine hesitancy, militant opposition, and attacks on vaccination teams in conflict zones. These challenges, including unpredictable population movements and barriers in reaching high-risk areas, continue to hinder polio eradication efforts in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and neighboring regions. Content Editor Dr. Anubhav Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) Source : Published on : January 4, 2025 Polio, International health, infectious diseases, disease eradication Incentive-based policy reduces antibiotic prescriptions in children in Japan A 2018 Japanese policy offering financial incentives for not prescribing antibiotics to children aged 3 and younger with viral infections aimed to address Japan's high rates of inappropriate antibiotic use, as highlighted by a 2015 global survey. The study, following over 165,000 children, reported: 44.9% reduction in antibiotic prescriptions within the first month, with a sustained 19.5% decrease over 48 months. Broad-spectrum antibiotic use dropped by 24.4%. Physicians were incentivized with ¥800 per case to avoid unnecessary antibiotics, coupled with educating caregivers on viral infections. The policy did not result in higher healthcare costs or adverse outcomes. This evidence supports incentive-based strategies as effective tools for reducing unnecessary antibiotic use while empowering healthcare providers and educating the public. Content Editor: Dr. Anubhav Journal of Infectious Diseases Society of America Source : Published on : January 4, 2025 Antibiotic resistance, International health Over 1 in 5 adults worldwide has genital herpes: Need for better prevention and treatment options- WHO The World Health Organization, in its press release from 11 December 2024, cited a key study published on 10 December 2024, which estimated that 'Over 1 in 5 adults worldwide, i.e., approximately 846 million people aged 15-49, have genital herpes.' Further, more than 200 million people aged 15 to 49 had at least one symptomatic episode in 2020. Each year, around 42 million people acquire a new infection, underscoring the critical need for improved prevention and treatment strategies. As is known, most infections cause few or no symptoms, but some people experience painful genital sores and blisters. There is no definitive cure for genital herpes, but treatment can relieve symptoms. Condoms reduce the risk of transmission. As is known, HSV-2 is more serious and is linked with a higher risk of HIV. HSV-I primarily causes oral herpes but can also cause genital infections. The WHO emphasized the need for better prevention treatment options and, notably, increased research for new vaccines and therapies. Content Editor: Dr. Sathya Prashaath Sexually Transmitted Infections. DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2024-056307 Source : Published on : January 4, 2025 Genital herpes, sexually transmitted infections India's efforts in ensuring Women’s Dignity and Safety Sanitation and Safety : Emphasizing the importance of sanitation for women's dignity and safety, addressing open defecation and the high cost of sanitary napkins. Swachh Bharat Mission : Through a saturation approach, access to safe sanitation through the construction of 11.64 crore household toilets, access to tap water connections for 15.13 crore rural households, and provision of clean cooking gas connections to over 10.3 crore women Community and Public Toilets : Construction of these facilities aids marginalized groups, including women, by reducing health risks and exposure to unsafe public spaces. Swachh Vidyalaya Mission : Ensuring functional toilets for girls in schools, with 97.48% of government schools having separate girls' toilets. Menstrual Hygiene Management : Making sanitary napkins tax-exempt and affordable, promoting menstrual hygiene, and increasing girls' enrollment in educational institutions. Working Women Hostels : Commitment to providing safe and affordable hostel facilities with clean toilets for working women through the "Sakhi Niwas" component of Mission Shakti. Content Editor: Dr. Sathya Prashaath Press Information Bureau, Government of India (Release ID: 2085610) Source : Published on : January 3, 2025 Swachh Bharat Mission, Menstrual Hygiene Management, Sakhi Niwas Government of India provides data on current health infrastructure status under NPNCD Under NP-NCD, 770 District NCD Clinics, 372 District Day Care Centres, 233 Cardiac Care Units, and 6410 Community Health Centre-based NCD Clinics have been set up as of 20 December 2024, as informed by the Union Minister of Health and Family Welfare in a written reply in the Lok Sabha. As directed in the NPNCD guidelines, these centres focus on curative services, while the community level outreach focuses on the prevention of and screening for common NCDs like diabetes, hypertension, and various cancers. Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) play a crucial role in raising awareness and promoting healthy lifestyles. Content Editor : Dr. Sathya Prashaath Press Information Bureau of India, Government of India (Release ID: 2086515). Source : Published on : January 3, 2025 Non-Communicable Diseases, NP-NCD, National Programme for Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases Conceptualized definitions of kindness, compassion, and empathy: A BMJ study Objective: The scoping review aimed to define and conceptualize kindness, compassion, and empathy in healthcare. Methods: The study reviewed published research from five databases and one search engine and segregated literature that explicitly addressed the definitions or conceptualizations of kindness, compassion, and empathy within the healthcare environment. Results: Out of 1,348 initial results reviewed, 107 articles were screened in full text, leading to the final inclusion of 42 papers. Key similarities and differences among kindness, compassion, and empathy were identified, and a model illustrating their relationship on a stimulus-response-action continuum was proposed. The review even highlighted definitional challenges in treating these terms as separate concepts. Definitions established by the study: “Empathy is an internal, emotional response of wanting to share another's feelings or situation, whether suffering or joy, and informs action rather than being an action itself.” “Compassion is responding to others' suffering with a desire to alleviate that suffering, but that may or may not result in outward action.” “Kindness is a set of actions in response to a desire to help others flourish, informed by either an empathetic response or proactively chosen.” Conclusions: The findings indicated that kindness, compassion, and empathy have distinct themes and roles along the continuum. Kindness should be recognized as a primary concept rather than a secondary to compassion or empathy. Content Editor: Dr. Tanya BMJ Leader Journal Source : Published on : January 3, 2025 Health Communication, IEC, BCC, Kindness, Psychology Oral Health Inequalities: Economic Burden of Dental Caries Across Nations The study investigated disparities in oral health among the population aged 12-65 years of age by assessing the economic impact of dental caries based on deprivation levels across six countries. The findings were: Exploratory analysis utilized national data on decayed, missing, and filled teeth and the likelihood of receiving interventions such as restorative procedures and extractions for various socioeconomic groups. The economic burden of dental caries is significantly higher among the most deprived rung of the population, with the UK experiencing the highest average costs at around £18,000 per person. Potential healthcare cost savings from implementing preventive measures, including community water fluoridation, sugar-sweetened beverage taxes, school education programs, and oral health campaigns, as well as individual practices like using fluoridated toothpaste, could reduce caries progression rates by 30%, particularly benefiting the most deprived groups. A targeted approach to prevention could yield even greater savings, with reductions estimated at about £14,000 ($17,728) per person in the UK's most disadvantaged population. With a levelling-up approach, cost reductions in the most deprived group ranged from US$3,948 in Indonesia to US$17,728 in the UK. Content Editor: Dr. Tanya BMC Public Health Source : Published on : January 3, 2025 OOPE, Oral Health, Catastrophic Expenditure Global Health Setback: WHO Reports Decline in Health Spending The World Health Organization’s (WHO) 2024 Global Health Expenditure Report reveals a decline in per capita government health spending across all income groups in 2022 , following pandemic-era surges. This trend jeopardizes progress toward universal health coverage (UHC), leaving 4.5 billion people without access to essential services and 2 billion facing financial hardships due to healthcare costs. WHO’s findings indicate that out-of-pocket expenditure remains the primary source of health financing in many low- and middle-income countries, perpetuating cycles of poverty. Even in high-income nations, significant out-of-pocket payments are leading to unmet healthcare needs. The report underscores the need for robust public funding mechanisms to deliver affordable health services. Lessons from the pandemic highlight the effectiveness of government spending in responding to emergencies and saving lives. WHO calls on leaders to eliminate impoverishment caused by health expenses by 2030, emphasizing that sustainable health investments are crucial for future resilience. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Dheena WHO Global Health Expenditure Report 2024 Source : Published on : January 2, 2025 Universal Health Coverage, Healthcare Financing, Out of Pocket Expenditure Silent killer: WHO Highlights global drowning crisis The World Health Organization (WHO) released its first-ever global report on drowning prevention , revealing that 3 lakh lives were lost to drowning worldwide in 2021, averaging 30 deaths every hour . A disproportionate 92% of fatalities occurred in low- and middle-income countries , with South-East Asia accounting for 28% of the global burden. The report highlights that children under five are most vulnerable , constituting 24% of drowning deaths. Despite a 38% global decline in drowning rates since 2000, the progress has been uneven, with the WHO’s South-East Asia Region witnessing only a 48% reduction. WHO emphasized that nearly all drowning deaths are preventable. Key measures include integrating swimming lessons into school curriculums, improving flood risk management, and training bystanders in rescue techniques. WHO Director-General Tedros Ghebreyesus urged countries to prioritize drowning prevention, emphasizing its potential to save millions of lives and avert an estimated $4 trillion in economic losses by 2050. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Dheena WHO global status report on drowning prevention Source : Published on : January 2, 2025 Drowning, Preventive Care Bridging data gaps: MoSPI’s push for SDG excellence The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI ) released its latest National Indicator Framework (NIF) Progress Report along with two handbooks showcasing time-series data on India's progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs ). Over 95% of the national SDG indicators now have available data, marking a significant leap in monitoring capabilities. Key highlights from the SDG India Index 2023-24 by NITI Aayog reveal an improved national score of 71 , up from 66 in 2020-21, with advancements in 11 key goals , including SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) and SDG 13 (Climate Action) MoSPI partnered with NITI Aayog and the United Nations via a Tripartite MoU for data-driven SDG monitoring. The Data for Development Coordination Forum (DDCF) was formed to enhance indicator frameworks and foster collaboration. SDG frameworks are being expanded to district level, supported by SDG coordination centers. Workshops, exhibitions, and aligned surveys promote awareness and action on SDGs. Through these initiatives, India strengthens its commitment to the 2030 Agenda, backed by MoSPI's robust data systems and NITI Aayog's emphasis on competitive federalism. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Dheena Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : January 2, 2025 Monitoring and Evaluation, NITI Aayog, SDG One Nation, One Subscription, Govt. towards revolutionizing knowledge accessibility in India The Government of India unveiled the One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) scheme, a groundbreaking initiative to expand access to global research publications . ONOS will provide centralized access to over 13,000 journals for more than 6,300 government academic and R&D institutions starting January 2025. With a three-year budget of ₹6,000 crore, ONOS aims to empower 1.8 crore students, faculty, and researchers with seamless access to top-quality research across disciplines, fostering interdisciplinary innovation. Supported by a web portal from INFLIBNET , authenticated users will enjoy both institutional and remote access to subscribed content. ONOS is part of a broader vision for open access transformation in India, complementing efforts like the Anusandhan National Research Foundation and NEP 2020. Beyond journal access, it includes ₹150 crore annually for Article Processing Charges (APC) in Open Access journals and emphasizes enhancing Indian journals and holistic research evaluation. By democratizing knowledge and aligning with India’s innovation goals, ONOS represents a monumental stride in making research accessible to all. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Dheena Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : January 2, 2025 Research, Centralised Journal Access, One Nation One Subscription Air pollution in India claiming millions of life: Karolinska Institutet Study Air pollution in India, particularly from particles smaller than 2.5 micrometers in diameter (PM2.5) , poses a significant health threat as these particles can enter the lungs and bloodstream. A recent study has explored the correlation between PM2.5 levels and mortality over a decade, utilizing data from 655 districts across India from 2009 to 2019. The study findings include: An increase of 10 micrograms per cubic meter in PM2.5 concentration is associated with an 8.6% rise in mortality rates. Approximately 3.8 million deaths during this period can be attributed to PM2.5 levels exceeding India's air quality standards of 40 micrograms per cubic meter. The estimated deaths jumped to 16.6 million, accounting for nearly 25% of total mortality in the study timeframe when compared to the stricter World Health Organization (WHO) guideline of 5 micrograms per cubic meter. The research underscores that nearly all India's population lives in areas where PM2.5 concentrations surpass WHO recommendations, exposing about 1.4 billion individuals annually to harmful air pollution. Some regions recorded levels as high as 119 micrograms per cubic meter, far exceeding both Indian and WHO safety thresholds. Hence, implementing stricter regulations and measures to curb emissions is crucial. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Tanya The Lancet Planetary Health Source : Published on : January 2, 2025 Air Pollution, PM2.5, Respiratory Diseases Official one-stop portal for AYUSH Visa-India, a growing hub for Medical Value Travel The Ministry of Tourism formulated the National Strategy & Roadmap for Medical and Wellness Tourism, an initiative toward Aatmanirbhar Bharat. One of those initiatives was the ‘Heal in India’ initiative. The Ministry of AYUSH suggested Medical Value Travel (MVT). Over a year ago, a separate category of Visas—the AYUSH Visas—was introduced. These were for foreigners solely visiting India to avail themselves of treatment under the AYUSH system of medicine. Four sub-categories of AYUSH visas are: i)AYUSH Visa (AY-1) - For the foreigner seeking treatment. ii)eAYUSH Visa - Also for the foreigner seeking treatment. iii)AYUSH Attendant Visa(AY-2) - For their attendants iv)e-AYUSH Attendant Visa - Also for their attendants Individuals seeking an AY Visa shall submit the Accredited AYUSH institution-issued medical invitation letter. This shall enable them to seek therapeutic care and wellness in AYUSH hospitals accredited by the National Commission for Homeopathy(NCH)/ National Accreditation Boards for Hospitals(NABH) /National Commission for Indian System of Medicine(NCISM). The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare launched the first official ‘one-stop’ portal to provide foreigners with information about MVT. Content Editor: Dr. Sivanthiga Press Information Bureau of India, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. Source : Published on : December 29, 2024 Medical Tourism, AYUSH Convergence of ESI Scheme and AB-PMJAY - A Landmark Health Systems Initiative The Employees’ State Insurance (ESI) Corporation had entered into a partnership with the National Health Authority (NHA), leading to a convergence between AB-PMJAY and the ESI Scheme, thereby allowing ESI beneficiaries (who are more than 13 crore in number) to access services at AB-PMJAY empanelled hospitals and vice versa. This convergence was first piloted in Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) and Bidar (Karnataka). Upon successfully completing this pilot project, the convergence of the ESI Scheme with PM-JAY was extended to 157 districts in 12 states/UTs. ESI beneficiaries of these districts will be able to access medical care services in AB-PMJAY empanelled hospitals. The AB-PMJAY and ESIC convergence is aimed at leveraging the presence of an established network of 30,000+ empanelled hospitals under AB-PMJAY. It will also create a higher demand for health services at ESIC-empanelled hospitals that may be underutilized. Benefits 1. ESI beneficiaries will get free access to healthcare providers and packages at AB-PMJAY empanelled hospitals by using their ESI cards, especially in the absence of an ESIC healthcare delivery institution in their vicinity. 2. Similarly, beneficiaries of AB PM-JAY can use their PM-JAY card to access free treatment at ESIC empanelled hospitals. Content Editor: Dr. Sivanthiga Press Information Bureau of India, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India (Release ID: 2078254) Employees’ State Insurance Corporation of India Source : Published on : December 29, 2024 Health Insurance, Social security. The “Hamara Shauchalay Hamara Samman” Campaign launched “Hamara Shauchalay Hamara Samman” Campaign (HSHS) was launched on World Toilet Day (19 November 2024) and concluded on Human Rights Day (10 December 2024) Organized by the Ministry of Jal Shakti , the campaign engaged 3.8 million participants across >50,000 events nationwide and led to the upgradation of 1.54 lakh Community Sanitary Complexes (CSCs) and the sanctioning of over 3.35 lakh Individual Household Latrines (IHHLs). Innovations included Google Maps tracking in Uttar Pradesh, sanitary marts in Mahoba, and LED awareness vehicles in Jammu & Kashmir. Over 750 pink toilets were built in Rajasthan, linking sanitation to dignity and equality. The HHHS Campaign highlighted “Sanitation as a Fundamental Right ”, and highlighted the link between clean toilets, dignity, and equality. Content Editor: Dr. Anamika Press Information Bureau, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India Source : Published on : December 28, 2024 Hamara Shauchalay Hamara Samman (HSHS), World Toilet Day, Human Rights Day, Ministry of Jal Shakti Convergence of ESIC and AB-PM-JAY - A Health Systems Initiative In the context of social security for the labour force, a recent initiative involves E mployee S tate I nsurance C orporation (ESIC ) convergence with A yushman B harat P radhan M andri J an A rogya Y ojana (AB-PM-JAY ). This initiative expands health care access to 14.43 ESI beneficiaries and their dependents in 30,000 PM-JAY empanelled hospitals including charitable hospitals for comprehensive health care. It also involves PM-JAY beneficiaries to avail ESIC hospitals for health care access ensuring convergence of two schemes. ESIC beneficiaries can avail PM-JAY empanelled hospital for secondary and tertiary care with no financial limit. Cllick here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Sivanthiga Press Information Bureau, ESIC Source : Published on : December 28, 2024 Health insurance, Social security “Shaping Academic Excellence for VIKSIT Bharat @ 2047” UGC's one day workshop. "Shaping Academic Excellence for VIKSIT Bharat @ 2047 ," a One-Day Workshop for women leaders organized by the U niversity G rants C ommission (UGC ), was opened in New Delhi by the Union Minister for Education. The workshop aligned with National Education Poilcy 2020 , promoting women's empowerment in education and leadership. Initiatives like PM-USHA (P radhan M antri U chchatar S hiksha A bhiyan, focused on gender inclusivity and equity in higher education), WISE-KIRAN (W omen i n S cience and E ngineering-KIRAN ), and DIKSHA (D igital I nfrastructure for K nowledge Sha ring) were highlighted. The workshop focused on fostering women’s roles in education and nation-building. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Anamika Press Information Bureau of India, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India Source : Published on : December 28, 2024 National Education Policy 2020, PM-USHA, WISE-KIRAN, DIKSHA, , VIKSIT Bharat@2047 Mental Health Services in India: Government's Comprehensive Approach to Support and Care GoI is enhancing mental health services through initiatives like the National Mental Health Programme and the Tele Mental Health Programme.These efforts aim to increase access to care, train mental health professionals, and integrate mental health services into primary healthcare across the country. Government Efforts to Improve Mental Health Services in India National Mental Health Programme (NMHP): 25 Centres of Excellence set up to train mental health specialists and provide advanced care. 767 districts covered under the District Mental Health Programme (DMHP ), offering training for doctors, psychologists, and nurses. Mental Health at Primary Care Level: Over 1.73 lakh health centers upgraded to Ayushman Arogya Mandirs, now offering mental health services. New guidelines and training materials developed for managing mental health and substance use issues. Digital Training Programs: Over 42,000 healthcare professionals trained online since 2018 through specialized Digital Academies. Introduction of B.Sc. Clinical Psychology (Hons.) in 19 universities to produce more mental health professionals. National Tele Mental Health Programme: Launched in 2022 to provide accessible mental health counseling. 53 Tele MANAS Cells set up across 36 States/UTs, handling 15.95 lakh calls. Tele MANAS Mobile App: Launched in October 2024 as a one-stop platform for mental health support, from well-being to treatment. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Shayari Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : December 26, 2024 Mental Health, National Mental Health Program Promoting women’s leadership in Disaster Risk Management The Government of India is actively promoting women’s leadership in disaster risk management, aligning with the Prime Minister’s 10-point agenda on Disaster Risk Reduction. Key initiatives include: National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP ) 2019 focuses on empowering women and promoting their leadership in disaster management. Under Aapda Mitra Scheme , 20% of the one lakh trained volunteers are women i.e. “Aapda Sakhi” The Agenda ensures 50% participation of women i n managing and maintaining cyclone shelters. Women contribute to disaster preparedness, rescue operations, and training programs. National Institute for Disaster Management (NIDM ) provides special training and shares examples of successful women-led disaster management. Women in the Central Armed Police Forces are trained and deployed in National Disaster Response Force (NDRF ) for disaster relief. These women rescuers from NDRF played a significant role in earthquake relief efforts in Turkiye. Content Editor: Dr Shayari Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : December 26, 2024 Diaster Management, Women empowerment Statement from the 40th meeting of Polio-IHR Emergency Committee: Addressing Global Poliovirus threat The Emergency Committee reviewed data on wild poliovirus (WPV1) and circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV) with context to the global target of interruption and certification of WPV1 eradication by 2027 and cVDPV2 elimination by 2029. Data indicate global transmission of WPV1 is geographically limited to two endemic countries , but there was intensifying transmission within these countries in 2024 i.e. Pakistan and Afghanistan . The committee noted much of cVDPv outbreaks are linked to lack of house to house vaccination campaigns, inaccessibility, insecurity, and high concentrations of zero-dose and underimmunized children with continued population displacement. The committee unanimously agreed that the risk of international spread of polio virus is a public health emergency of International Concern (PHEIC ) and recommended the extension of temporary recommendations for another 3 months. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Soundher WHO News section Source : Published on : December 25, 2024 Emerging disease, Disease Outbreak, Polio, International health First-ever pre-qualification of a Tuberculosis Diagnostic Test Announced The first prequalification of a diagnostic test for tuberculosis marks a critical milestone in scaling up and accelerating access to high-quality TB assays that meet WHO recommendations as well as quality, safety, and performance standards. It assures the quality of tests used to improve access to early diagnosis and treatment The assessment is based on information submitted by the manufacturer, Cepheid Inc., and reviewed by Singapore’s Health Sciences Authority (HSA), the regulatory agency of record for this product. This Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT ) detects the genetic material of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes TB, in sputum and provides accurate results in hours. It also identifies mutations associated with its rifampicin resistance , a key indicator of multidrug-resistant TB. It is intended for those who screen positive for pulmonary TB and either have not started anti-tuberculosis treatment or have received less than three days of therapy in the last six months. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Soundher WHO News section Source : Published on : December 25, 2024 Tuberculosis, Public health, Diagnostic test WHO external report: Mpox Outbreak Continues Globally The 43rd Multi-Country Mpox Situation Report , issued by WHO on December 9, 2024, underscores that Mpox continues to pose a global public health emergency under the International Health Regulations (2005). Despite worldwide efforts to control the virus, its spread has escalated, with outbreaks linked to multiple MPXV clades impacting Africa, the Americas, Europe, and the Asia-Pacific. Since 2022, over 115,000 cases and 255 deaths have been reported across 126 countries. Recent developments include Angola’s initial cases and travel-related infections identified in Canada and the United States. The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC ) remains a focal point , with widespread clades Ia and Ib MPXV transmission, particularly affecting children and young adults. WHO has prioritized enhanced emergency coordination, real-time surveillance, scalable healthcare solutions, and equitable vaccine distribution . The response continues to evolve through updated vaccination plans, diagnostic advancements, and revised risk assessments, alongside efforts to promote education, reduce stigma, and protect communities. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Chinmay WHO News section Source : Published on : December 24, 2024 Mpox, Global Outbreak, International Health News Undiagnosed Disease Outbreak in Panzi: Children Severely Affected Amidst Healthcare Challenges An outbreak of an undiagnosed disease has emerged in the Panzi health zone, Kwango Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo, affecting primarily children. Since October 2024, 406 cases and 31 deaths have been reported, with a case-fatality ratio of 7.6%. The disease presents with a cluster of symptoms, including fever, headache, cough, runny nose, and body aches . Severe malnutrition is a significant concern, particularly among children under five, and is often present in severe cases. The remote location of Panzi, coupled with limited access to healthcare and diagnostic resources, presents significant challenges to the response. Rapid response teams have been deployed to investigate the outbreak, collect samples for laboratory analysis, and provide medical care. While the exact cause remains unknown, potential suspects include acute pneumonia, influenza, COVID-19, measles, and malaria. However, the possibility of multiple contributing factors, including co-infections, cannot be ruled out. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Chinmay WHO News section Source : Published on : December 24, 2024 Outbreak, international health news, undiagnosed disease Avian Flu prompts raw milk recall in California by CDFA The California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) has announced a recall of raw milk from Valley Milk Simply Bottled in Stanislaus County after bulk-milk testing detected avian influenza (H5N1) contamination. The recall targets plastic jugs in quart, half-gallon, and gallon sizes with date codes from December 23 to December 30 . These products were distributed to retail stores, farmers markets, and directly to consumers across the state. While no human illnesses have been linked to this recall, there have been instances of cats becoming ill after consuming raw milk from other producers. Health officials continue to advise against consuming raw milk due to potential contamination risks. This recall is part of a larger issue, as avian influenza has been detected in dairy cattle across California's Central Valley since August, affecting both animal and public health . The CDFA is actively monitoring and testing to prevent further spread. Content Editor: PHC Editorial Bureau California Department of Food and Agriculture Source : Published on : December 23, 2024 CDC, Avian Influenza, Outbreak Investigation FDA approves first medication for obstructive sleep apnea The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved Zepbound (tirzepatide) as the first medication for treating moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults with obesity . This marks a significant advancement in OSA management. In clinical trials, Zepbound demonstrated a substantial reduction in apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) scores, indicating fewer breathing interruptions during sleep. Participants also experienced significant weight loss, which is believed to contribute to the improvement in OSA symptoms.Following the approval, stocks of sleep apnea device manufacturers, such as ResMed and Inspire Medical Systems, saw declines. This suggests that Zepbound may offer an alternative to traditional positive airway pressure (PAP) therapies, which some patients find uncomfortable. Beyond improving sleep apnea, Zepbound has shown potential in reducing the progression of heart failure and kidney disease, highlighting its multifaceted health benefits. Content Editor: PHC Editorial Bureau U.S. Food and Drug Administration Source : Published on : December 23, 2024 FDA, Zepbound, Obstructive Sleep Apnea Daily News Snippets Monthly Archives 01-10 February, 2024 View More 14-20 January, 2024 View More 19-25th November, 2024 (26) View More 23-31stOctober, 2023 (18) View More 28-31 January, 2024 View More 7-13 January, 2024 View More 5-11th November, 2023 (5) View More 15-21st October, 2023 (12) View More 21-27 January, 2024 View More 26-30th November, 2024 (20) View More 01-04th November, 2023(4) View More 08-14th October, 2023 (5) View More 24-30th September, 2023 (5) View More 01-09th September, 2023 (11) View More 13 - 19 th August , 2024 (5) View More 23-31st July, 2023 (28) View More 17-23rd September, 2023 (10) View More 27-31st August, 2024 (16) View More 6-12th August, 2024 (16) View More 16-22nd July, 2023 (9) View More 10-16th September, 2023 (9) View More 20-26th August, 2024 (20) View More 1-6th August, 2023 (25) View More 1-8th July, 2023 (5) View More Subscribe to get Latest Public Health Updates SUBSCRIBE

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