Copy of 67-Headlines of the day (All) Public Health News Snippets 01 - 04th May, 2024 Guidelines to safeguard against heat waves. The N ational P rogramme for C limate C hange and H uman H ealth has issued guidelines for protection from heat waves, specifically for Employers and workers. The four main strategies include: Stay Hydrated Stay Indoors Stay Alert Stay Covered The guidelines are as follows:- To maintain the availability of cool drinking water facilities with a reminder , and avoid hot beverages, including sugary and carbonated drinks. To stay covered and avoid direct sunlight , specifically during peak afternoon hours. To identify and recognize heat-related symptoms for fellow workers and provide immediate care on the spot. To be alert to weather forecasts through various media sources. Wear loose-fitting, light-colored clothing with long sleeves to have a covered head. To make working conditions hospitable and equipped with proper first-aid kits and awareness regarding all necessary recommendations. To maintain a slower pace of work during peak times and proper rest and time off for employees. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Shubham Gupta National Programme for Climate Change and Human Health Source : Published on : May 1, 2024 Climate Change, Heatwave, Environmental Health How can a video-based tool help improve maternal mental health? Maternal mental health is one of the public health concerns as it has a debilitating effect on the mother, child, and family in total. However, awareness of these conditions is lacking in our health system. A quasi-experimental, single-group interventional study is in the planning stage to develop and evaluate a video-based tool to improve awareness and reduce stigma related to maternal mental illnesses. The study is planned to be conducted among 128 postpartum mothers within 6 months of their delivery. The study will be conducted among the mothers visiting the immunization OPDs of the UHTC and RHTC of a medical college in Bangalore, Karnataka. The Postpartum Depression Literacy Scale will be used to assess the effectiveness of the intervention. Further, this intervention can help in identifying mothers with postpartum depression, which will thus ensure early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. However, one of the biggest limitations of the study is the lack of a control group to compare the effectiveness of the intervention Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Swathi Shenoy PLoS One Source : Published on : April 30, 2024 Maternal health, Postpartum, Mental health Predictors of modern contraceptive methods' usage in Pakistan Pakistan has exceeded South Asia's annual growth rate (1.2%) at its current rate of 2.5% , with a high fertility rate of 3.56 births per woman . Despite the introduction of the Costed Implementation Plan in 2020, the utilization of MCM is just 26.1% in the region, as found in this study. The most common short-term methods were condoms, pills, and injectables , while long-term methods were less common (among them, implants and IUDs were used). The most accurate predictors of MCM usage were reported as -Number of children (4 or more), - mother’s education (primary level), - husband’s education (middle level), - postnatal care visits of the mother, Lady Health Worker’s counseling as part of post-natal visits The study showed that women preferred to use MCMs to limit their family size rather than for spacing, particularly among older women, hence, there is a high unmet need for younger women to utilize MCMs to space out their pregnancy. The study underscored the need for counseling and guidance for women, especially during the postnatal period, and spousal support to increase the uptake of MCMs . Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Prachi Goswami PLoS ONE Source : Published on : April 30, 2024 Reproductive health, contraceptives Community-centred cervical cancer screening in India: Strategies and outcomes The objective was to identify the barriers and challenges faced by providers and vulnerable populations in low-resource settings and adopt strategies to implement a feasible HPV test-based cervical cancer screening program. A mixed-method, quasi-experimental trial design, including qualitative and quantitative assessments, was utilized. Strategies involved- Capacity assessment, Workshops and training, Community engagement, and Counseling by frontline health care workers. The results of the study are as follows: Achievment of 30% screening uptake in 8 months, compared to 6-8% with visual inspection methods annually. The highest HPV positivity was found among tribal women (12.1%), followed by rural (5.5%) and urban slum women (3.1%). Follow-up rate for triage testing: rural (84.6%), tribal (56.1%), urban slum (45.5%). Special follow-up camps increased the tribal follow-up rate to 56%. Median time from HPV report to follow-up: tribal (28 days), urban slum (36 days), rural (36 days). The challenges with VIA-based screening were addressed, including, hesitancy, limited camps, and personnel shortages. The flexibility in service delivery and patient navigation improved screening uptake and compliance. The self-collection of samples combined with community engagement, flexible triage processes, and health system strengthening showed acceptable screening rates and better compliance to triage. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Sumana Mukhopadhyay PLoS One Source : Published on : April 30, 2024 Cancer, HPV screening, Noncommunicable diseases Transforming masculinities: A global research agenda for sexual and reproductive health and rights The W orld H ealth O rganization (WHO ) initiated a global research priority-setting exercise focusing on masculinities and sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) . This exercise, crucial for enhancing the SRHR of both genders, particularly addresses the underexplored impact of engaging men and boys in ways that challenge harmful masculinities. More than 200 stakeholders from diverse backgrounds across 60 countries and all WHO regions contributed to this collaborative endeavor. The exercise highlighted four main research priorities : Developing gender-transformative strategies for involving men and boys in SRHR, Conducting applied research to improve service delivery that caters to diverse SRHR needs and promotes gender equality, Designing research that engages the intended audience and influences policymakers, Focusing on the specific needs of low-income and middle-income countries. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Ghurumourty WHO News Section Source : Published on : April 30, 2024 Reproductive Health and Rights, Gender Equality Pop culture as a weapon for Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) The caricature, born from a co-design workshop at the Dutch Embassy last November, draws inspiration from Pac-Man and features AMR superheroes combating superbugs in a dynamic battleground, unveiled by Ambassador Marisa Gerards last Thursday. Antimicrobial resistance(AMR) is one of the top 10 worldwide health challenges of the twenty-first century, according to the World Health Organization. "AMR, a growing health concern, resulted in over 1.2 million deaths worldwide in 2019 due to antibiotic misuse in healthcare and agriculture, with antibiotic residues detected in the environment, water, and food, complicating treatment for severe infections," highlighted Gerards. This event is one example of community ownership for health promotion. Content Editor: Dr. Sakshi Aggarwal Social Trends Source : Published on : April 30, 2024 AMR, Health Promotion Asia's climate situation in 2023 Key climate change indicators, including sea level rise, glacier retreat, and surface temperature, have been rising faster than expected, according to the State of the Climate in Asia 2023 study. The mean temperature over Asia in 2023 was 0.91 °C higher than the reference period of 1991–2020, making it the second warmest on record. In the last forty years, the mass of the glaciers in High Mountain Asia has decreased significantly and at an accelerated rate, which was made worse in 2023 by record-breaking high temperatures and dry weather in the Tien Shan mountain range and the Eastern Himalayas. South-west China and the Hindu Kush region experienced severe drought conditions, with below-normal precipitation levels throughout the year. Asia faced a significant number of hydrometeorological hazards, primarily floods and storms, resulting in over 2,000 fatalities and impacting more than 9 million people. 80% of WMO Asia Members provide disaster risk reduction services, but less than 50% in Regional Association II offer vital climate projections, hindering effective adaptation to climate change. Click here to read more . Content Editor: Dr. Sakshi Aggarwal World Meteorological Organization Source : Published on : April 29, 2024 Climate change, Disasters, Hazards Do poor WASH facilities in hospitals create a huge health and economic burden? A recent report by WaterAid exposes the serious effects of insufficient water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities in healthcare centers across seven countries in sub-Saharan Africa. These included- Ethiopia, Ghana, Malawi, Mali, Nigeria, Uganda, and Zambia. The study estimated alarming figure s- In 2022, 2.6 billion healthcare-linked infections (HCAIs) occurred due to poor WASH, resulting in 277,160 additional deaths. Over half (50%) of these infections were likely caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The economic burden is massive, costing these countries 2.5% to 10.9% of their healthcare budgets. The lost productivity from infections equates to an extra 0.4% to 2.9% loss in GDP. WaterAid cautions that the problem will intensify with increasing antibiotic resistance. They highlight the cost-effectiveness of improving WASH, estimating the investment required is under US$1 per person —a small amount compared to the savings from reduced HAI costs. The report urges several actions: National governments in these countries should allocate specific budgets for WASH in healthcare facilities. The donors, G7 countries, and international financial organizations should prioritize WASH when supporting healthcare development in low- and middle-income countries. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Chinmay Kelkar WaterAid Source : Published on : April 29, 2024 Antimicrobial stewardship, Healthcare-associated infections U.S. Strategy: Protecting American and global communities from emerging threats The White House released the United States Government Global Health Security Strategy (GHSS) 2024 to keep Americans safe from future pandemics, emphasizing the importance of worldwide collaboration to achieve global health security. The CDC is crucial in these strategies: Coordinate domestic and global health security programs. Offer scientific expertise to partners and policymakers. Lead in addressing infectious disease outbreaks. Utilize data for real-time outbreak response. Maintain international staff for collaborative efforts and early detection of overseas health threats. CDC has a long history of supporting partner governments through initiatives such as the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) to improve their ability to prevent, detect, and respond to emerging health threats. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Rashmi Verma Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Source : Published on : April 29, 2024 Emerging Health Threats, International health Need to empower doctors against medicolegal cases Experts demand an increased focus on Medicolegal cases and legal knowledge for doctors to defend themselves in court as the need for strong legal knowledge has increased. The Medical Council of India receives around 100 medicolegal cases every year. As there is an increase in cases of patients dragging doctors to court, framing fictitious cases of negligence, and patients attacking doctors, the Medical Fraternity wants urgent reforms in the medical curriculum. The training will also prepare future doctors to face every situation in this dynamic world of medicine. The NMC and the Ethics Medical Registration Board, in partnership with state medical councils, are urged to provide training to medical practitioners on defending themselves in legal cases. A Health Ministry official says, doctors must have a basic idea of medicolegal cases, as they have ethical and legal obligations. If patients are aware of their rights, doctors should also be empowered. People use the law as a weapon to strong-arm doctors, they should be empowered enough to defend themselves from these false cases. Content Editor: Dr. Aishwarya Social Trends Source : Published on : April 29, 2024 Medico legal cases, Medical Ethics Health concerns spark recall: Carcinogens found in spice mixes Hong Kong’s Centre for Food Safety (CSF) , on 5th April, revealed that they discovered Ethylene oxide, a pesticide in the following Indian brand spice mixes during their regular food surveillance program: MDH Madras curry powder MDH sambar masala MDH curry mixed powder Everest fish curry masala The distributors have started the process for recalls of the impacted products, and the public has been warned not to consume these. Two weeks later the Singapore food agency also issued a recall notice for Everest masala due to the same reason. While there is no immediate effect due to the consumption of this pesticide residue, extended consumption can lead to the formation of cancer cells Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Himabindu Reddy Centre for Food safety, Government of Hong Kong Source : Published on : April 29, 2024 Food safety, Cancer, Nutrition, Food regulation, Carcinogen, Pesticide residues How effective are antibiotics in providing cough relief among patients with LRTI? The study found that 29% of the LRTI patients enrolled in the study were prescribed at least one of these antibiotics - amoxicillin-clavulanate, azithromycin, doxycycline, and amoxicillin. These patients on antibiotics were likely to be further along in their illness, had a more severe illness, and were more likely to receive systemic corticosteroids and albuterol inhalers. Patients with viral and bacterial infections on antibiotics had coughs for significantly longer duration. The study revealed that physicians probably overestimate the percentage of LRTI infections that are bacterial and overestimate their ability to distinguish bacterial from viral LRTI. The prescription of antibiotics for LRTIs may be reduced even further. Educating patients about how long the symptoms of LRTI typically last, could avoid requests for antibiotics. Further research is required to determine the role of antibiotics in patients with a cough. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Niharika Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy Source : Published on : April 27, 2024 International health, Respiratory infections, Communicable diseases, Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Expansion of the insurance coverage It will now be possible for senior citizens to purchase health insurance, regardless of any underlying medical concerns, even if they are 80 or 90 years old. This comes after the ruling party declared that "everyone over the age of 70 years" would be covered by the government's Ayushman Bharat health insurance program in its election manifesto. Under the previous regulations, people could only get new insurance coverage up until the age of 65. But now that the recent modification is in place and will take effect on April 1st, anyone can get a new health insurance policy, regardless of age. Insurers must provide policies to individuals regardless of severe medical conditions, offer premium payments in installments, and allow AYUSH treatment coverage without limits. Benefit-based policyholders can file multiple claims, while senior citizens' complaints and claims will be handled through a specialized channel for better responsiveness. Content Editor: Dr. Sakshi Aggarwal Social Trends Source : Published on : April 27, 2024 Health Insurance, Ayushman Bharat Barriers to Mammograms: A finding from CDC Vital signs study A recent CDC Vital Signs report reveals that only about 65% of women aged 50-74 with multiple health-related social needs are current with their mammograms. These health-related social needs, including factors like food insecurity and unreliable transportation , significantly hinder access to healthcare. Data from the 2022 behavioral risk factor surveillance system shows that the greater the number of social barriers a woman faces, the less likely she is to receive a mammogram. Primary obstacles include healthcare costs, social isolation, unstable employment and not having dependable transportation. Furthermore, uninsured women, who have low income or lack a regular healthcare provider are less likely to undergo regular mammograms. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Ghurumourty Center for Disease Control Source : Published on : April 27, 2024 Cancer, Non-communicable diseases, Mammography, Screening Update on concomitant treatment of Hepatitis C and tuberculosis Evidence suggests that concurrent therapy for HCV and MDR/RR-TB is feasible, with potential benefits outweighing the hazards. Co-administration may improve MDR/RR-TB treatment success while decreasing failures, loss to follow-up, and fatalities. These details are provided in the new edition of WHO unified guidelines for the treatment of TB and drug-resistant tuberculosis, with its accompanying Operational Handbook on Tuberculosis: Module 4: therapy. While short-course oral d irect-a cting a ntivirals (DAAs ) have revolutionized HCV treatment , with over 90% sustained virologic response rates, managing chronic HCV in MDR/RR-TB patients remains a difficulty due to differing national policies. This new update further encourages countries to take unified national policies regarding the same. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Anubhav Mondal WHO News Section Source : Published on : April 27, 2024 Tuberculosis, Hepatitis, Treatment guidelines DRONE- the innovative technology In a revolutionary step in innovative research, the pilot testing of DRONE technology for transferring pathological specimens mid-surgery was conducted recently. DRONE technology stands for “Deployment of a Robust Need-based aerial healthcare delivery system. This initiative was undertaken as a collaborative effort between ICMR and Kasturba Medical College, Manipal. This technology transferred the specimen across 37 km, reducing the waiting period from 60 to 15 minutes. This study aims to evaluate the potential use of such technology to transport specimens from secondary to tertiary care centers. This innovative approach would enable faster decisions during surgery and improved access to high-level health care for patients in peripheral hospitals Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Swathi Shenoy Indian Council of Medical Research Source : Published on : April 27, 2024 Innovation, Research, and Technology Revision of the pesticide limits in spices and herbs. A recent advisory released by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) raised the Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) of pesticides in India in spices and herbs to 0.1 mg/kg from 0.01 mg/kg . This change is said to be guided by data from field trials conducted by the Central Insecticides Board and Registration Committee (CIB&RC) . Due to the lack of field trial data in countries like India, the MRLs will be fixed based on data generated from the Monitoring of Pesticide Residues at National Level (MPRNL) by the Department of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare. In case the pesticide is registered with CIB&RC, and the MRLs are specified for food commodities other than spices and culinary herbs, the standards set in the Codex Alimentarius , approved by the WHO and FAO will apply. If the MRLs are not specified in the codex or the pesticide is not registered with the CIB&RC, the MRL of 0.1 mg/kg will apply . Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Manu Goel Food Safety and Standards Authority of India Source : Published on : April 25, 2024 Food Safety, Pesticide levels, FSSAI Validation of the indigenous HPV testing kits for cervical cancer screening. AIIMS, Delhi, is launching a groundbreaking project to validate made-in-India HPV testing kits for cervical cancer screening. The study will assess kit efficacy using global samples, starting with 1,200 of patients above 30 years of age with the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) biorepository in France. Prof Neerja Bhatla, study investigator, emphasized the importance of accurate HPV screening to combat India's high cervical cancer burden and the affordability issue of the kits. The test involves cervical sample collection, similar to a Pap smear for detection . The initial work on indigenous kits began in 2016; now, cheaper, faster kits are developed to improve screening accessibility. The study, lasting three months , aims for credible results to inform national program implementation by year-end. Collaborations have been made with the IARC and other institutes, which will help expedite the sample collection and testing, cutting study time significantly. The importance of validating low-cost HPV tests for the Indian population to enhance cancer detection and control is the need of the hour. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr Sumana Mukhopadhyay Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Source : Published on : April 25, 2024 Cervical cancer, HPV, Screening Thirty-eighth meeting of the IHR emergency committee for Polio In the context of the global target of interruption and certification of wild poliovirus (WPV1) eradication by 2026, interruption and certification of circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV2) elimination by 2028 , the Emergency Committee reviewed the data. In 2024, the Baluchistan province of Pakistan reported 2 new cases of WPV1 It indicates the spread of WPV1 from the endemic zone of Afghanistan to traditional reservoirs of Pakistan. An intensive and synchronized campaign schedule focusing on improved vaccination coverage in endemic zones of both Afghanistan and Pakistan is in implementation. The return of undocumented migrants from Pakistan to Afghanistan has attenuated the challenges, which are being managed and mitigated by vaccinating at border crossing points and updating microplans in districts of both countries. The meeting concluded that the risk of international spread of poliovirus still remains a public health emergency of international concern and the tempory recommendation should be extended further for 3 more months. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Soundhar WHO News Section Source : Published on : April 25, 2024 International health, Disease outbreak, Polio, Public health Green cover: A dust mitigation strategy. MCD recommends planting of trees in schools, open areas and on the roadside this year. The horticulture department has released notices for the zonal offices to detail on their specific measures to implement the task. MCD also aims to carpet or repair 50km of internal roads by Oct as part of dust mitigation measures. Work is being implemented under non-plan head, funds received from MLAs or M ukhyamantri S adak P unarniraman Y ojna, said by officials. Water sprinklers, jet machines and anti-smog guns are being sprayed to mitigate dust pollution. Content Editor: Dr. Aishwarya Social Trends Source : Published on : April 22, 2024 at 1:00:00 PM Environmental Health, Dust Mitigation, One Health. Heat-related illness advisory: Guidelines & preparedness Due to the risk of above-normal seasonal temperatures, the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) released an advisory to the State Health Departments on Heat-Related Illnesses (HRIs) . The salient points are as follows - Ensure dissemination of national and state-level guidelines on tackling heat-related illnesses. Manage coordination among various stakeholders at the state level. Start maintenance and reporting of cases and deaths due to heat-related illnesses . Deaths due to such cases must be investigated to understand the epidemiology of the illness. Health facilities must be able to manage HRIs and must have adequate human and medicinal resources for the same. The facilities should also be able to withstand the complications of extreme heat. Mass gatherings and sports events must be prepared to manage HRIs Early warnings for heat waves and health-related activities to spread awareness about HRIs should be carried out. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Manu Goel National Centre for Disease Control Source : Published on : April 20, 2024 at 3:00:00 PM Heat-related illnesses, Disease prevention, Intersectoral coordination, National Centre for Disease Control Innovative hearing solutions: Piezoelectric implants The Department of ENT at Command Hospital (Southern Command) in Pune has successfully performed two piezoelectric Bone Conduction Hearing Implants (BCI). These procedures were conducted on a 7-year-old child with congenital ear anomalies and severe hearing loss and an adult with Single Sided Deafness (SSD), making it the first government hospital in India to achieve this feat. The designated Neurotology Centre of the Armed Forces Medical Services (AFMS), has been offering implantable hearing solutions for years. The piezoelectric BCI system is crucial for patients with conductive/mixed hearing loss who aren't candidates for cochlear implants or benefit from hearing aids or middle ear surgery. The surgeries were performed by Lt Col (Dr) Rahul Kurkure, under the guidance of Col (Dr) Nitu Singh, at the helm of Command Hospital (SC), Pune, led by Maj Gen B Nambiar, the success was praised by high-ranking officials. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr Sumana Mukhopadhyay Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : April 20, 2024 at 3:00:00 PM Health technology, Hearing loss, Implants MERS-like coronavirus - a developing threat The threat of another pandemic due to coronaviruses is likely due to their genetic diversity, and rapid mutations and hence deserves continual attention. MERS-CoV was first identified as a cause of zoonotic disease in 2012 in dromedary camels and continues to circulate in camels and cause disease in humans. It can cause Middle East respiratory syndrome, which has led to 2609 human cases and 939 reported deaths since its recognition, mostly in Saudi Arabia. Despite not having caused a large epidemic so far, it has the potential for a future outbreak due to ongoing zoonotic transmission and circulation among camels in the Middle East, Africa, and Asia. The major concern is the evolution of new lineages , which can result in efficient human-to-human transmission. Many new strains can infect human cells via the DPP4 receptor (the MERS-CoV host cell receptor) or ACE2 (SARS-CoV receptor). Hence, it is prudent to be attentive to newly identified MERS-like coronaviruses isolated from animals such as bats, pangolins, and European hedgehogs. Content Editor: Dr. Prachi Goswami The Lancet Source : Published on : April 20, 2024 at 3:00:00 PM Pandemic, coronavirus, MERS-CoV Synergistic approach to beat the summers The minutes of the meeting held among the officials of IMD, NDMA, and PMO were: The forecast for above-normal maximum temperatures over most parts of the country and longer days of heat wave episodes and heatwave spells than normal was explained. IEC (Information Education Communication) materials regarding summer preparedness were planned to be translated into regional languages and disseminated to combat the hotter-than-usual summer that coincides with the general elections. The Prime Minister emphasized the need for a synergistic approach involving various ministries and arms of the government in this regard and reviewed the adequacy of health sector preparedness. 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3-Headlines of the day (All) Public Health Headlines 20th February, 2023 Indians continue to move West, despite India being a bright spot among world economies According to the Ministry of External Affairs , in 2022, almost 2.25 lakh Indians renounced their citizenship , the highest since 2011. The move is especially seen among HNI (high net-worth individuals). HNI are those who have a wealth of more than 8.2 crores. This reflects a worrying situation wrt emigration of the country. The trend also raises a question, "is the wealth not translating into the higher quality of life in India they seek, ultimately forcing them to move out"? The Hindu Source : Published on : Monday, February 20, 2023 Demography, Migration, Emigration First time India has achieved more than 15,000 transplants in a year (2022) Union Ministry of Health & Family Welfare organized National Organ & Tissue Transplant Organisation (NOTTO) Scientific Dialogue 2023 on Sunday. Union Health Secretary Shri Rajesh Bhushan congratulated everyone for an annual increase of 27% in transplant numbers in India (2022) after a dip during COVID-19. He said “despite having 640+ medical hospitals and colleges, transplants remain a specialized service limited to some hospitals only and highlighted the need for capacity building of our medical institutions. There is also a need to identify high case load institutions and bring them under the network NOTT program. He suggested that consultations and discussions can lead to a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) and consequentially, the creation of a Centre of Excellence at the state and regional levels where these specialized services can be provided to the needy. Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : Monday, February 20, 2023 NOTTO, Organ Transplantation, MoHFW ₹2,232 crores fine levied by NGT to the Delhi government as per the “Polluter Pays Principle” NGT chairperson Justice Adarsh Kumar Goel asked the Delhi government to pay the fine of ₹2,232 crore government for damage caused to the environment due to improper solid and liquid waste management. The compensation pattern in respect of other States (at the rate of ₹2 crores per million liters per day of untreated sewage and ₹300 per tonne of untreated legacy waste), compensation of ₹2,232 crores is liable to be levied on Delhi govt as per NGT order. Currently, National Green Tribunal across the country works on the “Polluter Pays Principle” as it is mentioned in its governing law: National Green Tribunal Act, 2010. “Polluter Pays Principle” means that the absolute liability for harm to the environment extends not only to compensate the victims of pollution but also to the cost of restoring the environmental degradation. To know more about CPCB, Waste Management Guidelines - Click here The Hindu Source : Published on : Monday, February 20, 2023 National Green Tribunal, CPCB , Wate Management Does Aam Admi Clinics (AACs) disrupt the existing Rural Health System of Punjab? In Punjab, Subsidiary Health Centre (SHC) is the first point of contact for patients in rural areas that caters to 5,000 to 10,000 population. Recently Punjab government opened 400 AACs on January 27, the clinic offers around 100 lab tests and medicines free of cost. The matter of concern is now doctors and other staff working in already existing SHCs & PHCs were deputed to newly opened AACs. Public Civil Medical Services(PCMS) Association said this expansion of the public health delivery system is welcomed but not at the sacrifice of the existing health system which has served for years. The Hindu Source : Published on : Monday, February 20, 2023 Aam Admi Clinic, Health System Strengthening

102-Headlines of the day (List) Public Health News Snippets 1 -5th January 2025 WHO deploys expert team to investigate mysterious outbreak in DR Congo First identified in late October, the outbreak has now resulted in 394 cases and 30 deaths, with symptoms including fever, cough, breathing difficulties, headache, and anemia. The WHO's team, which includes epidemiologists, clinicians, and lab technicians, is aiding local authorities in surveillance and case identification. Samples are being analyzed in Kigali, with results expected soon. The outbreak has prompted heightened traveler screening in Hong Kong for those arriving from DRC-related hubs. Meanwhile, a patient in Ohio, recently arriving from Tanzania, was briefly hospitalized for flu-like symptoms but is no longer in isolation. For further reading, Click here Content Editor Dr. Anubhav World Health Organisation Source : Published on : January 4, 2025 Outbreak investigation, International Health Polio resurgence in Pakistan, Nigeria, and Chad amid persistent challenges Pakistan reported three new wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) cases, all from Sindh, Balochistan, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, bringing its 2024 total to 48. These cases, with onset in October, reflect a sharp rise this year. In Nigeria, seven more circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) cases were reported, raising the country’s total for 2024 to 80. The new cases span five states, including Katsina, Jigawa, and Yobe. Chad confirmed two new cVDPV2 cases, bringing its total to 15 for the year. Contributing to the rise in cases are forced repatriations, particularly of around 730,000 Afghan refugees, as well as vaccine hesitancy, militant opposition, and attacks on vaccination teams in conflict zones. These challenges, including unpredictable population movements and barriers in reaching high-risk areas, continue to hinder polio eradication efforts in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and neighboring regions. Content Editor Dr. Anubhav Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) Source : Published on : January 4, 2025 Polio, International health, infectious diseases, disease eradication Incentive-based policy reduces antibiotic prescriptions in children in Japan A 2018 Japanese policy offering financial incentives for not prescribing antibiotics to children aged 3 and younger with viral infections aimed to address Japan's high rates of inappropriate antibiotic use, as highlighted by a 2015 global survey. The study, following over 165,000 children, reported: 44.9% reduction in antibiotic prescriptions within the first month, with a sustained 19.5% decrease over 48 months. Broad-spectrum antibiotic use dropped by 24.4%. Physicians were incentivized with ¥800 per case to avoid unnecessary antibiotics, coupled with educating caregivers on viral infections. The policy did not result in higher healthcare costs or adverse outcomes. This evidence supports incentive-based strategies as effective tools for reducing unnecessary antibiotic use while empowering healthcare providers and educating the public. Content Editor: Dr. Anubhav Journal of Infectious Diseases Society of America Source : Published on : January 4, 2025 Antibiotic resistance, International health Over 1 in 5 adults worldwide has genital herpes: Need for better prevention and treatment options- WHO The World Health Organization, in its press release from 11 December 2024, cited a key study published on 10 December 2024, which estimated that 'Over 1 in 5 adults worldwide, i.e., approximately 846 million people aged 15-49, have genital herpes.' Further, more than 200 million people aged 15 to 49 had at least one symptomatic episode in 2020. Each year, around 42 million people acquire a new infection, underscoring the critical need for improved prevention and treatment strategies. As is known, most infections cause few or no symptoms, but some people experience painful genital sores and blisters. There is no definitive cure for genital herpes, but treatment can relieve symptoms. Condoms reduce the risk of transmission. As is known, HSV-2 is more serious and is linked with a higher risk of HIV. HSV-I primarily causes oral herpes but can also cause genital infections. The WHO emphasized the need for better prevention treatment options and, notably, increased research for new vaccines and therapies. Content Editor: Dr. Sathya Prashaath Sexually Transmitted Infections. DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2024-056307 Source : Published on : January 4, 2025 Genital herpes, sexually transmitted infections India's efforts in ensuring Women’s Dignity and Safety Sanitation and Safety : Emphasizing the importance of sanitation for women's dignity and safety, addressing open defecation and the high cost of sanitary napkins. Swachh Bharat Mission : Through a saturation approach, access to safe sanitation through the construction of 11.64 crore household toilets, access to tap water connections for 15.13 crore rural households, and provision of clean cooking gas connections to over 10.3 crore women Community and Public Toilets : Construction of these facilities aids marginalized groups, including women, by reducing health risks and exposure to unsafe public spaces. Swachh Vidyalaya Mission : Ensuring functional toilets for girls in schools, with 97.48% of government schools having separate girls' toilets. Menstrual Hygiene Management : Making sanitary napkins tax-exempt and affordable, promoting menstrual hygiene, and increasing girls' enrollment in educational institutions. Working Women Hostels : Commitment to providing safe and affordable hostel facilities with clean toilets for working women through the "Sakhi Niwas" component of Mission Shakti. Content Editor: Dr. Sathya Prashaath Press Information Bureau, Government of India (Release ID: 2085610) Source : Published on : January 3, 2025 Swachh Bharat Mission, Menstrual Hygiene Management, Sakhi Niwas Government of India provides data on current health infrastructure status under NPNCD Under NP-NCD, 770 District NCD Clinics, 372 District Day Care Centres, 233 Cardiac Care Units, and 6410 Community Health Centre-based NCD Clinics have been set up as of 20 December 2024, as informed by the Union Minister of Health and Family Welfare in a written reply in the Lok Sabha. As directed in the NPNCD guidelines, these centres focus on curative services, while the community level outreach focuses on the prevention of and screening for common NCDs like diabetes, hypertension, and various cancers. Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) play a crucial role in raising awareness and promoting healthy lifestyles. Content Editor : Dr. Sathya Prashaath Press Information Bureau of India, Government of India (Release ID: 2086515). Source : Published on : January 3, 2025 Non-Communicable Diseases, NP-NCD, National Programme for Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases Conceptualized definitions of kindness, compassion, and empathy: A BMJ study Objective: The scoping review aimed to define and conceptualize kindness, compassion, and empathy in healthcare. Methods: The study reviewed published research from five databases and one search engine and segregated literature that explicitly addressed the definitions or conceptualizations of kindness, compassion, and empathy within the healthcare environment. Results: Out of 1,348 initial results reviewed, 107 articles were screened in full text, leading to the final inclusion of 42 papers. Key similarities and differences among kindness, compassion, and empathy were identified, and a model illustrating their relationship on a stimulus-response-action continuum was proposed. The review even highlighted definitional challenges in treating these terms as separate concepts. Definitions established by the study: “Empathy is an internal, emotional response of wanting to share another's feelings or situation, whether suffering or joy, and informs action rather than being an action itself.” “Compassion is responding to others' suffering with a desire to alleviate that suffering, but that may or may not result in outward action.” “Kindness is a set of actions in response to a desire to help others flourish, informed by either an empathetic response or proactively chosen.” Conclusions: The findings indicated that kindness, compassion, and empathy have distinct themes and roles along the continuum. Kindness should be recognized as a primary concept rather than a secondary to compassion or empathy. Content Editor: Dr. Tanya BMJ Leader Journal Source : Published on : January 3, 2025 Health Communication, IEC, BCC, Kindness, Psychology Oral Health Inequalities: Economic Burden of Dental Caries Across Nations The study investigated disparities in oral health among the population aged 12-65 years of age by assessing the economic impact of dental caries based on deprivation levels across six countries. The findings were: Exploratory analysis utilized national data on decayed, missing, and filled teeth and the likelihood of receiving interventions such as restorative procedures and extractions for various socioeconomic groups. The economic burden of dental caries is significantly higher among the most deprived rung of the population, with the UK experiencing the highest average costs at around £18,000 per person. Potential healthcare cost savings from implementing preventive measures, including community water fluoridation, sugar-sweetened beverage taxes, school education programs, and oral health campaigns, as well as individual practices like using fluoridated toothpaste, could reduce caries progression rates by 30%, particularly benefiting the most deprived groups. A targeted approach to prevention could yield even greater savings, with reductions estimated at about £14,000 ($17,728) per person in the UK's most disadvantaged population. With a levelling-up approach, cost reductions in the most deprived group ranged from US$3,948 in Indonesia to US$17,728 in the UK. Content Editor: Dr. Tanya BMC Public Health Source : Published on : January 3, 2025 OOPE, Oral Health, Catastrophic Expenditure Global Health Setback: WHO Reports Decline in Health Spending The World Health Organization’s (WHO) 2024 Global Health Expenditure Report reveals a decline in per capita government health spending across all income groups in 2022 , following pandemic-era surges. This trend jeopardizes progress toward universal health coverage (UHC), leaving 4.5 billion people without access to essential services and 2 billion facing financial hardships due to healthcare costs. WHO’s findings indicate that out-of-pocket expenditure remains the primary source of health financing in many low- and middle-income countries, perpetuating cycles of poverty. Even in high-income nations, significant out-of-pocket payments are leading to unmet healthcare needs. The report underscores the need for robust public funding mechanisms to deliver affordable health services. Lessons from the pandemic highlight the effectiveness of government spending in responding to emergencies and saving lives. WHO calls on leaders to eliminate impoverishment caused by health expenses by 2030, emphasizing that sustainable health investments are crucial for future resilience. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Dheena WHO Global Health Expenditure Report 2024 Source : Published on : January 2, 2025 Universal Health Coverage, Healthcare Financing, Out of Pocket Expenditure Silent killer: WHO Highlights global drowning crisis The World Health Organization (WHO) released its first-ever global report on drowning prevention , revealing that 3 lakh lives were lost to drowning worldwide in 2021, averaging 30 deaths every hour . A disproportionate 92% of fatalities occurred in low- and middle-income countries , with South-East Asia accounting for 28% of the global burden. The report highlights that children under five are most vulnerable , constituting 24% of drowning deaths. Despite a 38% global decline in drowning rates since 2000, the progress has been uneven, with the WHO’s South-East Asia Region witnessing only a 48% reduction. WHO emphasized that nearly all drowning deaths are preventable. Key measures include integrating swimming lessons into school curriculums, improving flood risk management, and training bystanders in rescue techniques. WHO Director-General Tedros Ghebreyesus urged countries to prioritize drowning prevention, emphasizing its potential to save millions of lives and avert an estimated $4 trillion in economic losses by 2050. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Dheena WHO global status report on drowning prevention Source : Published on : January 2, 2025 Drowning, Preventive Care Bridging data gaps: MoSPI’s push for SDG excellence The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI ) released its latest National Indicator Framework (NIF) Progress Report along with two handbooks showcasing time-series data on India's progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs ). Over 95% of the national SDG indicators now have available data, marking a significant leap in monitoring capabilities. Key highlights from the SDG India Index 2023-24 by NITI Aayog reveal an improved national score of 71 , up from 66 in 2020-21, with advancements in 11 key goals , including SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) and SDG 13 (Climate Action) MoSPI partnered with NITI Aayog and the United Nations via a Tripartite MoU for data-driven SDG monitoring. The Data for Development Coordination Forum (DDCF) was formed to enhance indicator frameworks and foster collaboration. SDG frameworks are being expanded to district level, supported by SDG coordination centers. Workshops, exhibitions, and aligned surveys promote awareness and action on SDGs. Through these initiatives, India strengthens its commitment to the 2030 Agenda, backed by MoSPI's robust data systems and NITI Aayog's emphasis on competitive federalism. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Dheena Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : January 2, 2025 Monitoring and Evaluation, NITI Aayog, SDG One Nation, One Subscription, Govt. towards revolutionizing knowledge accessibility in India The Government of India unveiled the One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) scheme, a groundbreaking initiative to expand access to global research publications . ONOS will provide centralized access to over 13,000 journals for more than 6,300 government academic and R&D institutions starting January 2025. With a three-year budget of ₹6,000 crore, ONOS aims to empower 1.8 crore students, faculty, and researchers with seamless access to top-quality research across disciplines, fostering interdisciplinary innovation. Supported by a web portal from INFLIBNET , authenticated users will enjoy both institutional and remote access to subscribed content. ONOS is part of a broader vision for open access transformation in India, complementing efforts like the Anusandhan National Research Foundation and NEP 2020. Beyond journal access, it includes ₹150 crore annually for Article Processing Charges (APC) in Open Access journals and emphasizes enhancing Indian journals and holistic research evaluation. By democratizing knowledge and aligning with India’s innovation goals, ONOS represents a monumental stride in making research accessible to all. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Dheena Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : January 2, 2025 Research, Centralised Journal Access, One Nation One Subscription Air pollution in India claiming millions of life: Karolinska Institutet Study Air pollution in India, particularly from particles smaller than 2.5 micrometers in diameter (PM2.5) , poses a significant health threat as these particles can enter the lungs and bloodstream. A recent study has explored the correlation between PM2.5 levels and mortality over a decade, utilizing data from 655 districts across India from 2009 to 2019. The study findings include: An increase of 10 micrograms per cubic meter in PM2.5 concentration is associated with an 8.6% rise in mortality rates. Approximately 3.8 million deaths during this period can be attributed to PM2.5 levels exceeding India's air quality standards of 40 micrograms per cubic meter. The estimated deaths jumped to 16.6 million, accounting for nearly 25% of total mortality in the study timeframe when compared to the stricter World Health Organization (WHO) guideline of 5 micrograms per cubic meter. The research underscores that nearly all India's population lives in areas where PM2.5 concentrations surpass WHO recommendations, exposing about 1.4 billion individuals annually to harmful air pollution. Some regions recorded levels as high as 119 micrograms per cubic meter, far exceeding both Indian and WHO safety thresholds. Hence, implementing stricter regulations and measures to curb emissions is crucial. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Tanya The Lancet Planetary Health Source : Published on : January 2, 2025 Air Pollution, PM2.5, Respiratory Diseases Official one-stop portal for AYUSH Visa-India, a growing hub for Medical Value Travel The Ministry of Tourism formulated the National Strategy & Roadmap for Medical and Wellness Tourism, an initiative toward Aatmanirbhar Bharat. One of those initiatives was the ‘Heal in India’ initiative. The Ministry of AYUSH suggested Medical Value Travel (MVT). Over a year ago, a separate category of Visas—the AYUSH Visas—was introduced. These were for foreigners solely visiting India to avail themselves of treatment under the AYUSH system of medicine. Four sub-categories of AYUSH visas are: i)AYUSH Visa (AY-1) - For the foreigner seeking treatment. ii)eAYUSH Visa - Also for the foreigner seeking treatment. iii)AYUSH Attendant Visa(AY-2) - For their attendants iv)e-AYUSH Attendant Visa - Also for their attendants Individuals seeking an AY Visa shall submit the Accredited AYUSH institution-issued medical invitation letter. This shall enable them to seek therapeutic care and wellness in AYUSH hospitals accredited by the National Commission for Homeopathy(NCH)/ National Accreditation Boards for Hospitals(NABH) /National Commission for Indian System of Medicine(NCISM). The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare launched the first official ‘one-stop’ portal to provide foreigners with information about MVT. Content Editor: Dr. Sivanthiga Press Information Bureau of India, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. Source : Published on : December 29, 2024 Medical Tourism, AYUSH Convergence of ESI Scheme and AB-PMJAY - A Landmark Health Systems Initiative The Employees’ State Insurance (ESI) Corporation had entered into a partnership with the National Health Authority (NHA), leading to a convergence between AB-PMJAY and the ESI Scheme, thereby allowing ESI beneficiaries (who are more than 13 crore in number) to access services at AB-PMJAY empanelled hospitals and vice versa. This convergence was first piloted in Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) and Bidar (Karnataka). Upon successfully completing this pilot project, the convergence of the ESI Scheme with PM-JAY was extended to 157 districts in 12 states/UTs. ESI beneficiaries of these districts will be able to access medical care services in AB-PMJAY empanelled hospitals. The AB-PMJAY and ESIC convergence is aimed at leveraging the presence of an established network of 30,000+ empanelled hospitals under AB-PMJAY. It will also create a higher demand for health services at ESIC-empanelled hospitals that may be underutilized. Benefits 1. ESI beneficiaries will get free access to healthcare providers and packages at AB-PMJAY empanelled hospitals by using their ESI cards, especially in the absence of an ESIC healthcare delivery institution in their vicinity. 2. Similarly, beneficiaries of AB PM-JAY can use their PM-JAY card to access free treatment at ESIC empanelled hospitals. Content Editor: Dr. Sivanthiga Press Information Bureau of India, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India (Release ID: 2078254) Employees’ State Insurance Corporation of India Source : Published on : December 29, 2024 Health Insurance, Social security. The “Hamara Shauchalay Hamara Samman” Campaign launched “Hamara Shauchalay Hamara Samman” Campaign (HSHS) was launched on World Toilet Day (19 November 2024) and concluded on Human Rights Day (10 December 2024) Organized by the Ministry of Jal Shakti , the campaign engaged 3.8 million participants across >50,000 events nationwide and led to the upgradation of 1.54 lakh Community Sanitary Complexes (CSCs) and the sanctioning of over 3.35 lakh Individual Household Latrines (IHHLs). Innovations included Google Maps tracking in Uttar Pradesh, sanitary marts in Mahoba, and LED awareness vehicles in Jammu & Kashmir. Over 750 pink toilets were built in Rajasthan, linking sanitation to dignity and equality. The HHHS Campaign highlighted “Sanitation as a Fundamental Right ”, and highlighted the link between clean toilets, dignity, and equality. Content Editor: Dr. Anamika Press Information Bureau, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India Source : Published on : December 28, 2024 Hamara Shauchalay Hamara Samman (HSHS), World Toilet Day, Human Rights Day, Ministry of Jal Shakti Convergence of ESIC and AB-PM-JAY - A Health Systems Initiative In the context of social security for the labour force, a recent initiative involves E mployee S tate I nsurance C orporation (ESIC ) convergence with A yushman B harat P radhan M andri J an A rogya Y ojana (AB-PM-JAY ). This initiative expands health care access to 14.43 ESI beneficiaries and their dependents in 30,000 PM-JAY empanelled hospitals including charitable hospitals for comprehensive health care. It also involves PM-JAY beneficiaries to avail ESIC hospitals for health care access ensuring convergence of two schemes. ESIC beneficiaries can avail PM-JAY empanelled hospital for secondary and tertiary care with no financial limit. Cllick here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Sivanthiga Press Information Bureau, ESIC Source : Published on : December 28, 2024 Health insurance, Social security “Shaping Academic Excellence for VIKSIT Bharat @ 2047” UGC's one day workshop. "Shaping Academic Excellence for VIKSIT Bharat @ 2047 ," a One-Day Workshop for women leaders organized by the U niversity G rants C ommission (UGC ), was opened in New Delhi by the Union Minister for Education. The workshop aligned with National Education Poilcy 2020 , promoting women's empowerment in education and leadership. Initiatives like PM-USHA (P radhan M antri U chchatar S hiksha A bhiyan, focused on gender inclusivity and equity in higher education), WISE-KIRAN (W omen i n S cience and E ngineering-KIRAN ), and DIKSHA (D igital I nfrastructure for K nowledge Sha ring) were highlighted. The workshop focused on fostering women’s roles in education and nation-building. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Anamika Press Information Bureau of India, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India Source : Published on : December 28, 2024 National Education Policy 2020, PM-USHA, WISE-KIRAN, DIKSHA, , VIKSIT Bharat@2047 Mental Health Services in India: Government's Comprehensive Approach to Support and Care GoI is enhancing mental health services through initiatives like the National Mental Health Programme and the Tele Mental Health Programme.These efforts aim to increase access to care, train mental health professionals, and integrate mental health services into primary healthcare across the country. Government Efforts to Improve Mental Health Services in India National Mental Health Programme (NMHP): 25 Centres of Excellence set up to train mental health specialists and provide advanced care. 767 districts covered under the District Mental Health Programme (DMHP ), offering training for doctors, psychologists, and nurses. Mental Health at Primary Care Level: Over 1.73 lakh health centers upgraded to Ayushman Arogya Mandirs, now offering mental health services. New guidelines and training materials developed for managing mental health and substance use issues. Digital Training Programs: Over 42,000 healthcare professionals trained online since 2018 through specialized Digital Academies. Introduction of B.Sc. Clinical Psychology (Hons.) in 19 universities to produce more mental health professionals. National Tele Mental Health Programme: Launched in 2022 to provide accessible mental health counseling. 53 Tele MANAS Cells set up across 36 States/UTs, handling 15.95 lakh calls. Tele MANAS Mobile App: Launched in October 2024 as a one-stop platform for mental health support, from well-being to treatment. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Shayari Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : December 26, 2024 Mental Health, National Mental Health Program Promoting women’s leadership in Disaster Risk Management The Government of India is actively promoting women’s leadership in disaster risk management, aligning with the Prime Minister’s 10-point agenda on Disaster Risk Reduction. Key initiatives include: National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP ) 2019 focuses on empowering women and promoting their leadership in disaster management. Under Aapda Mitra Scheme , 20% of the one lakh trained volunteers are women i.e. “Aapda Sakhi” The Agenda ensures 50% participation of women i n managing and maintaining cyclone shelters. Women contribute to disaster preparedness, rescue operations, and training programs. National Institute for Disaster Management (NIDM ) provides special training and shares examples of successful women-led disaster management. Women in the Central Armed Police Forces are trained and deployed in National Disaster Response Force (NDRF ) for disaster relief. These women rescuers from NDRF played a significant role in earthquake relief efforts in Turkiye. Content Editor: Dr Shayari Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : December 26, 2024 Diaster Management, Women empowerment Statement from the 40th meeting of Polio-IHR Emergency Committee: Addressing Global Poliovirus threat The Emergency Committee reviewed data on wild poliovirus (WPV1) and circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV) with context to the global target of interruption and certification of WPV1 eradication by 2027 and cVDPV2 elimination by 2029. Data indicate global transmission of WPV1 is geographically limited to two endemic countries , but there was intensifying transmission within these countries in 2024 i.e. Pakistan and Afghanistan . The committee noted much of cVDPv outbreaks are linked to lack of house to house vaccination campaigns, inaccessibility, insecurity, and high concentrations of zero-dose and underimmunized children with continued population displacement. The committee unanimously agreed that the risk of international spread of polio virus is a public health emergency of International Concern (PHEIC ) and recommended the extension of temporary recommendations for another 3 months. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Soundher WHO News section Source : Published on : December 25, 2024 Emerging disease, Disease Outbreak, Polio, International health First-ever pre-qualification of a Tuberculosis Diagnostic Test Announced The first prequalification of a diagnostic test for tuberculosis marks a critical milestone in scaling up and accelerating access to high-quality TB assays that meet WHO recommendations as well as quality, safety, and performance standards. It assures the quality of tests used to improve access to early diagnosis and treatment The assessment is based on information submitted by the manufacturer, Cepheid Inc., and reviewed by Singapore’s Health Sciences Authority (HSA), the regulatory agency of record for this product. This Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT ) detects the genetic material of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes TB, in sputum and provides accurate results in hours. It also identifies mutations associated with its rifampicin resistance , a key indicator of multidrug-resistant TB. It is intended for those who screen positive for pulmonary TB and either have not started anti-tuberculosis treatment or have received less than three days of therapy in the last six months. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Soundher WHO News section Source : Published on : December 25, 2024 Tuberculosis, Public health, Diagnostic test WHO external report: Mpox Outbreak Continues Globally The 43rd Multi-Country Mpox Situation Report , issued by WHO on December 9, 2024, underscores that Mpox continues to pose a global public health emergency under the International Health Regulations (2005). Despite worldwide efforts to control the virus, its spread has escalated, with outbreaks linked to multiple MPXV clades impacting Africa, the Americas, Europe, and the Asia-Pacific. Since 2022, over 115,000 cases and 255 deaths have been reported across 126 countries. Recent developments include Angola’s initial cases and travel-related infections identified in Canada and the United States. The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC ) remains a focal point , with widespread clades Ia and Ib MPXV transmission, particularly affecting children and young adults. WHO has prioritized enhanced emergency coordination, real-time surveillance, scalable healthcare solutions, and equitable vaccine distribution . The response continues to evolve through updated vaccination plans, diagnostic advancements, and revised risk assessments, alongside efforts to promote education, reduce stigma, and protect communities. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Chinmay WHO News section Source : Published on : December 24, 2024 Mpox, Global Outbreak, International Health News Undiagnosed Disease Outbreak in Panzi: Children Severely Affected Amidst Healthcare Challenges An outbreak of an undiagnosed disease has emerged in the Panzi health zone, Kwango Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo, affecting primarily children. Since October 2024, 406 cases and 31 deaths have been reported, with a case-fatality ratio of 7.6%. The disease presents with a cluster of symptoms, including fever, headache, cough, runny nose, and body aches . Severe malnutrition is a significant concern, particularly among children under five, and is often present in severe cases. The remote location of Panzi, coupled with limited access to healthcare and diagnostic resources, presents significant challenges to the response. Rapid response teams have been deployed to investigate the outbreak, collect samples for laboratory analysis, and provide medical care. While the exact cause remains unknown, potential suspects include acute pneumonia, influenza, COVID-19, measles, and malaria. However, the possibility of multiple contributing factors, including co-infections, cannot be ruled out. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Chinmay WHO News section Source : Published on : December 24, 2024 Outbreak, international health news, undiagnosed disease Avian Flu prompts raw milk recall in California by CDFA The California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) has announced a recall of raw milk from Valley Milk Simply Bottled in Stanislaus County after bulk-milk testing detected avian influenza (H5N1) contamination. The recall targets plastic jugs in quart, half-gallon, and gallon sizes with date codes from December 23 to December 30 . These products were distributed to retail stores, farmers markets, and directly to consumers across the state. While no human illnesses have been linked to this recall, there have been instances of cats becoming ill after consuming raw milk from other producers. Health officials continue to advise against consuming raw milk due to potential contamination risks. This recall is part of a larger issue, as avian influenza has been detected in dairy cattle across California's Central Valley since August, affecting both animal and public health . The CDFA is actively monitoring and testing to prevent further spread. Content Editor: PHC Editorial Bureau California Department of Food and Agriculture Source : Published on : December 23, 2024 CDC, Avian Influenza, Outbreak Investigation FDA approves first medication for obstructive sleep apnea The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved Zepbound (tirzepatide) as the first medication for treating moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults with obesity . This marks a significant advancement in OSA management. In clinical trials, Zepbound demonstrated a substantial reduction in apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) scores, indicating fewer breathing interruptions during sleep. Participants also experienced significant weight loss, which is believed to contribute to the improvement in OSA symptoms.Following the approval, stocks of sleep apnea device manufacturers, such as ResMed and Inspire Medical Systems, saw declines. This suggests that Zepbound may offer an alternative to traditional positive airway pressure (PAP) therapies, which some patients find uncomfortable. Beyond improving sleep apnea, Zepbound has shown potential in reducing the progression of heart failure and kidney disease, highlighting its multifaceted health benefits. Content Editor: PHC Editorial Bureau U.S. Food and Drug Administration Source : Published on : December 23, 2024 FDA, Zepbound, Obstructive Sleep Apnea Rwanda declares end to Marburg virus outbreak Rwanda's Health Minister, Sabin Nsanzimana, announced the end of the Marburg virus outbreak after 42 days without new cases, meeting the World Health Organization's criteria for declaring an outbreak over. Since its onset in late September, the outbreak resulted in 66 confirmed cases, including 15 deaths , predominantly among healthcare workers who treated initial patients. Despite the successful containment, health officials urge ongoing caution due to potential risks from natural virus reservoirs, such as bats. Efforts are underway to monitor and understand bat populations to prevent future outbreaks. The World Health Organization praised Rwanda's swift and effective response, highlighting the importance of sustained vigilance against one of the world's most dangerous viruses. Content Editor: PHC Editorial Bureau WHO News Section Source : Published on : December 21, 2024 Marburg virus outbreak, WHO LLM based TrialGPT successfully match potential volunteers for clinical trials Researchers from the National Institute of Health( NIH) developed an Artificial Intelligence called TrialGPT to effectively navigate the process of matching potential volunteers to relevant research trials. Recruiting participants for clinical trials has always been a challenging task. TrialGPT, a cutting-edge framework leveraging large language models, promises to make this process seamless and efficient. This innovative system operates through three modules—Retrieval identifies potential trials , Matching evaluates patient eligibility, and Ranking prioritizes trials with a scoring system. In tests with synthetic patient data and trial annotations, TrialGPT achieved 87.3% accuracy in eligibility predictions and significantly outperformed existing models in trial ranking. It also reduced screening time by 42.6%, showcasing its practical utility. By recalling over 90% of relevant trials and providing explanations close to expert performance, TrialGPT paves the way for a more effective and human-centered approach to patient-to-trial matching. Content Editor: Dr. Soundhar Nature Communications Source : Published on : December 21, 2024 TrialGPT, LLMs, Artificial Intelligence What’s the effect of Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy in offspring? – a randomized control trial Maternal Vitamin D Osteoporosis Study (MAVIDOS) study trial conducted in United Kingdom hospitals (Southampton, Sheffield and Oxford) - a randomized control trial where pregnant females <14 weeks with singleton pregnancy were randomly assigned to 1000 IU/d cholecalciferol or placebo from 14-17 weeks gestation until delivery. Total of 454 children were followed up till 6-7 years from Southampton, out of which 447 had a usable DXA (Dual Energy Absorptiometry) scan of whole-body-less-head, Bone Mineral Content (BMC), Bone Mineral density (BMD), Bone Mineral Apparent Density (BMAD) and lean mass compared with placebo. They also observed that pregnant women given extra vitamin D were more likely to have spontaneous vaginal delivery and demonstrated positive effect of gestational cholecalciferol supplementation on offspring bone mineral density at age of 4 yrs. The study was published in American Journal of Clinical Nutrition suggests that supplementation of Vitamin D in pregnancy may be an important population health strategy to improve bone health. Content Editor: Dr. Soundhar American Journal of Clinical Nutrition Source : Published on : December 21, 2024 RCTs, Evidence Based Medicine, Vitamin D, MCH Progress towards elimination of Measles across the word: 2000-2023 Vaccination is a proven strategy in preventing measles and during the period 2000-2023 it was estimated 60.3 million measles deaths were averted by vaccination. Even after commitment from all six WHO regions, no region has achieved and maintained the elimination successfully by the end of 2023. It was estimated that MCV1 (Measles containing vaccine) coverage decreased from 86% to 81% in 2021 during COVID-19 Pandemic and increased by 13% in 2022 with figures remaining unchanged in 2023. During COVID-19 in 2019-2021 Coverage in all regions decreased. However, post COVID-19 it increased only in the American and European regions. As of 2023 the coverage was 64% in low-income countries , 86% in middle income countries and 94% in high income countries. Incidence of measles was 583 per million in low-income countries while it was 37 and 26 per million in middle and high-income countries, respectively in 2023 as reported by CDC. Content Editor: Dr. Soundhar Centre for Disease Control Source : Published on : December 20, 2024 Measles, Vaccine Coverage, VPDs Multilingual handbook launched to assist medical tourists in Hyderabad A new multilingual handbook has been introduced to support patients traveling to Hyderabad for medical treatment. This resource aims to simplify their healthcare journey by providing essential information in multiple languages. The handbook is available in several languages, including English, Hindi, Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam, and Bengali , catering to the diverse linguistic backgrounds of patients visiting the city. It offers detailed information on medical facilities, accommodation options, transportation services, and cultural nuances, ensuring that patients and their families can navigate the city with ease during their medical stay. The initiative is a collaborative effort between local healthcare providers, tourism departments, and language experts, reflecting Hyderabad's commitment to being a patient-friendly destination for medical tourism. Content Editor: PHC Editorial Bureau Milaap News Section Source : Published on : December 20, 2024 Medical Tourism, UHC CSIR and AIIMS, Delhi partnership to advance healthcare research The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) in New Delhi have formalized a partnership through a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) signed on December 17, 2024. This alliance aims to leverage their combined expertise to enhance medical research and healthcare delivery in India. The collaboration will concentrate on joint research projects , knowledge sharing, and the development of innovative medical technologies, devices, and diagnostics. By integrating CSIR's scientific research capabilities with AIIMS's clinical insights, the partnership seeks to address pressing health challenges and improve patient outcomes. As part of this initiative, CSIR's Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB) in Hyderabad has also entered into an MoU with AIIMS . This agreement focuses on specific research projects and grants AIIMS access to CSIR-CCMB's facilities, further strengthening the collaborative efforts. Professor M. Srinivas, Director of AIIMS, expressed enthusiasm about the partnership's potential to explore new frontiers in healthcare research and translate findings into practical applications for patient care. Dr. Vinay Nandicoori, Director of CSIR-CCMB, highlighted the involvement of multiple CSIR laboratories in areas such as affordable healthcare, drug development, and early cancer detection, underscoring the comprehensive nature of the collaboration Content Editor: PHC Editorial Bureau Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : December 20, 2024 CSIR, AIIMS Delhi, Secondary Prevention India’s 'Kisan Kavach' to protect farmers from pesticide hazards Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh has introduced 'Kisan Kavach ,' India's first indigenous anti-pesticide bodysuit designed to shield farmers from the harmful effects of pesticide exposure. Developed by BRIC-inStem, Bangalore, in collaboration with Sepio Health Pvt. Ltd., the suit utilizes advanced fabric that deactivates pesticides upon contact, significantly reducing health risks such as respiratory issues and vision loss. Priced at ₹4,000, the washable and reusable 'Kisan Kavach' i s designed to last up to a year, making it a cost-effective solution for the agricultural community. The launch underscores the Indian government's dedication to leveraging science and technology for societal benefits, aiming to enhance farmer safety and promote sustainable agricultural practices. Content Editor: PHC Editorial Bureau Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : December 20, 2024 Kisan Kavach, Anti-pesticide bodysuit, Farmer's Health ESIC expands healthcare network with 97 new hospitals in the last decade Over the past ten years, the Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) has approved the establishment of 97 new ESI hospitals across India , enhancing access to comprehensive medical care for insured individuals and their families. ESIC provides a wide range of medical services, including consultations, treatments, medications, and hospitalizations, through a network of 165 hospitals and 1,590 dispensaries nationwide. Additionally, partnerships with public and private hospitals ensure cashless inpatient services when ESIC facilities are unavailable. To further improve healthcare delivery, ESIC has collaborated with the Ayushman Bharat-Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY) to offer secondary and tertiary medical services through PMJAY-empanelled hospitals in areas lacking adequate ESIC services. The organization has also launched online modules for updating insured persons' details and facilitating Aadhaar-based authentication to streamline access to benefits . Recent initiatives include increased rates for Permanent Disablement Benefit and Dependents’ Benefits, as well as a new scheme providing medical care, including super specialty treatment, for superannuated beneficiaries who contributed to ESIC but exited coverage before retirement Content Editor: PHC Editorial Bureau Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : December 19, 2024 Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC), PMJAY NCL launches 'CHARAK' initiative to provide free treatment for life-threatening diseases in singrauli Northern Coalfields Limited (NCL), under the Ministry of Coal, has launched 'CHARAK'—Community Health: A Responsive Action for Koylanchal—aimed at offering free treatment for life-threatening diseases to economically weaker sections in the Singrauli region. Residents of Singrauli and Sonbhadra districts with an annual family income below ₹8 lakh are eligible. The scheme covers ailments such as cancer, tuberculosis, HIV, cardiovascular diseases, organ transplants, severe burns, liver disorders, neurological issues, and sudden vision or hearing loss. Beneficiaries will receive treatment at NCL's dedicated hospital (NSC) or specialized empanelled hospitals nationwide, ensuring access to quality healthcare services. NCL's Chairman and Managing Director, Shri B. Sairam, emphasized the scheme's role in facilitating healthcare for economically disadvantaged communities in geographically challenging areas. Over the past decade, NCL has impacted around 10 lakh people and invested more than ₹1,000 crore in various CSR initiatives in the Singrauli region. Content Editor: PHC Editorial Bureau Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : December 19, 2024 CHARAK, Community Health, Northern Fields Limited Daily News Snippets Monthly Archives 01-10 February, 2024 View More 14-20 January, 2024 View More 19-25th November, 2024 (26) View More 23-31stOctober, 2023 (18) View More 28-31 January, 2024 View More 7-13 January, 2024 View More 5-11th November, 2023 (5) View More 15-21st October, 2023 (12) View More 21-27 January, 2024 View More 26-30th November, 2024 (20) View More 01-04th November, 2023(4) View More 08-14th October, 2023 (5) View More 24-30th September, 2023 (5) View More 01-09th September, 2023 (11) View More 13 - 19 th August , 2024 (5) View More 23-31st July, 2023 (28) View More 17-23rd September, 2023 (10) View More 27-31st August, 2024 (16) View More 6-12th August, 2024 (16) View More 16-22nd July, 2023 (9) View More 10-16th September, 2023 (9) View More 20-26th August, 2024 (20) View More 1-6th August, 2023 (25) View More 1-8th July, 2023 (5) View More Subscribe to get Latest Public Health Updates SUBSCRIBE

48-Headlines of the day (All) Public Health News Snippets 1-9th December, 2023 'Viksit Bharat Sankalp Yatra' aiming to cover every gram panchayat - MoWCD's The Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently launched, the 'Viksit Bharat Sankalp Yatra' aiming to cover every gram panchayat in the country. Around 1800 beneficiaries share their stories under "Meri Kahani Meri Zubani (MKMZ)" initiative highlighting the role of Anganwadi Services on their lives. The yatra educates the public about various schemes, encouraging eligible individuals to sign-up. Swasth Balak Spardha (SBS) is promoted during the yatra, celebrating healthy children to address nutrition issues positively. Special curated IEC Vans publicized information on government schemes in local languages. The Anganwadi Services, initiated in 1975, target children (0-6 years), pregnant women, lactating mothers, and adolescent girls with the target to curb malnutrition and its impact on mortality. Mission Poshan 2.0 and Saksham Anganwadi, works towards malnutrition issues with strategies like ICT applications, convergence, community mobilization, and incentives. Content Editor : Dr Sumana Mukhopadhyay Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : Thursday, December 7, 2023 Anganwadi Services, MoWCD, Viksit Bharat Sankalp Yatra Older clade of Avian Influenza (H5N1) wreaks havoc in Cambodia The Cambodian Health Ministry Reported two cases of avian influenza in Kampot Province in late November, from the same village (but most likely no human-to-human transmission). The first case, a 21-year old woman died while the second case, a 4-year old girl is being treated at the hospital. Genetic sequencing suggested that the older Asian clade - 2.3.2.1c, which has been circulating in the country’s poultry 2013-14 for over a decade is similar the present one spreading globally in wild birds and poultry and it's highly pathogenic. The ministry launched an investigation to look for more cases, distribute oseltamivir to people at risk. Content Editor : Dr. Prachi Goswami WHO - Disease Outbreak News Source : Published on : Thursday, December 7, 2023 Infectious Disease, H5N1, Avian Influenza Recent study says 34 Million Years of Life Lost (YLL) due to four risk factors An International study undertaken by the Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, focused on the impact of four risk factors on mortality and Years of Life Lost (YLL) due to cancer across seven countries. The study found the following YLL from cancers: 20.8 million YLL to tobacco smoking 5.9 million YLL to alcohol consumption 4 million YLL to HPV infection 3.1 million YLL to excess body weight. The study also demonstrated the disparities in YLL among countries, reflecting the differences in risk factors and cancer deaths in their population. The study underscores the importance of primary prevention of cancer as a key to reducing cancer mortality as well as its societal implications. Content Editor : Dr Urmimala Maiti eClinical Meidicne Journal Source : Published on : Thursday, December 7, 2023 Global Health, Cancer prevention, Years of Life Lost 𝗥𝗧𝗦,𝗦 - 𝗪𝗛𝗢-𝗿𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗱 first M𝗮𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗮 V𝗮𝗰𝗰𝗶𝗻𝗲 to be rolled out in 18 African Countries Around 𝟯𝟯𝟭,𝟮𝟬𝟬 𝗱𝗼𝘀𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗹𝗱’𝘀 𝗳𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝗪𝗛𝗢-𝗿𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗱 M𝗮𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗮 V𝗮𝗰𝗰𝗶𝗻𝗲, 𝗥𝗧𝗦,𝗦 𝗵𝗮𝘀 𝗿𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗱 𝗖𝗮𝗺𝗲𝗿𝗼𝗼𝗻 and an additional 1.7 million doses will be delivered to Burkina Faso, Liberia, Niger and Sierra Leone. Supported by 𝙂𝙖𝙫𝙞, 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙑𝙖𝙘𝙘𝙞𝙣𝙚 𝘼𝙡𝙡𝙞𝙖𝙣𝙘𝙚, these countries will start routine immunization from 1st quarter of 2024. The GSK-manufactured RTS,S vaccine follows a 4-dose schedule, which act against P. falciparum, the deadliest malaria parasite globally and the most prevalent in Africa. Meanwhile, the 𝗥𝟮𝟭 vaccine manufactured by the Serum Institute of India is under review by WHO for prequalification which is expected to be available in mid 2024. Content Editor: Dr. Prachi Goswami WHO News Section Source : Published on : Thursday, December 7, 2023 RTS,S - Malaria Vaccine, WHO Long-acting cabotegravir for HIV prevention : WHO recommendation WHO released new guidelines for the use of long-acting injectable cabotegravir (CAB-LA) as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV and called for countries to consider this safe and highly effective prevention option for people at substantial risk of HIV infection. CAB-LA is an intramuscular injectable, long-acting form of PrEP, with the first 2 injections administered 4 weeks apart, followed thereafter by an injection every 8 weeks. It has been found that use of CAB-LA resulted in a 79% relative reduction in HIV risk compared with oral PrEP, where adherence to taking daily oral medication was often a challenge. This new CAB-LA guidelines are based on a public health approach that considers effectiveness, acceptability, feasibility and resource needs across a variety of settings. Content Editor: Dr. Himabindu Reddy WHO News Release Source : Published on : Thursday, December 7, 2023 AIDS, WHO, Infectious diseases Global Focus : UN Decade of Healthy Ageing Progress Report 2021-30 WHO and UN partners released the inaugural UN Decade of Healthy Ageing Progress Report 2021-30. The report featured a survey of 136 countries between late 2022 and early 2023 that over 20% improvements in various areas, including legislation against ageism and national programs for age-friendly communities. Despite progress, less than one-third of countries reported sufficient resources for the decade's four key areas, such as changing how people think, feel and act about age and ageing; ensuring communities foster the abilities of older people; delivering person-centred, integrated care and primary health services responsive to older people; and providing access to long-term care for older people in need. National multistakeholder forums on ageing and health saw limited growth, with low and middle-income countries facing challenges despite projecting an 80% elderly population by 2050. Dr. Tedros emphasized the need for increased political commitment, investment, trained healthcare workers, and involvement of older individuals in decisions with subsequent progress reports in 2026 and a final impact report in 2029. Content Editor: Dr. Prachi Goswami WHO Newsletter Source : Published on : Wednesday, December 6, 2023 Global Health, Elderly Health, Ageing Report Criticism mounts as NMC alters logo featuring 'Dhanvantari' The Union Health Ministry recently directed the Ayushman Bharat Health and Wellness Centres to be renamed 'Ayushman Arogya Mandir' with the motto 'Arogyam Parmam Dhanam' (health is the greatest wealth). Following this there is news the National Medical Commission (NMC) joined the revamping drive this week by changing its logo to include a color picture of 'Dhanvantari' and the term 'Bharat' above it. The doctor's community and the majority of public have criticized the needless move, senior officials at NMC maintain that the only change that has happened is that the black and white logo is now colored. The Indian Medical Association, Kerala chapter has stressed that Dhanvantari is a god of Hindu religion and so should not endorse it and have a secular symbol for health. Content Editor: Dr. Himabindu Reddy PH Chronicle : Social Trends Source : Published on : Wednesday, December 6, 2023 NMC, Medical Education Board Central Trade Unions Urges Union Govt to ratify ILO Occupational Safety and Health Convention - 2006 The ILO's latest report titled 'A Call for Safer and Healthier Working Environments,' stated that mining and quarrying, building, and utilities were the three most dangerous industries globally. ILO in its report reiterates that a strong and resilient National Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) System based on social dialogue and involvement is a fundamental right to build a safe and healthy working environment. The report listed the top 10 reasons for occupational deaths wherein long working hours and toxic fumes and particles topped the list. The report stated that by 2016 there were twice the malignancies due to occupational chromium exposure than the year 2000 and asbestos exposure linked mesotheliomas has shot up by 40%. According to the ILO, 79 of the 187 member nations have accepted the International Labour Organization's Occupational Safety and Health Convention, while 62 have ratified the Promotional Framework for Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 2006 but neither have been taken up by India. Now following the recent Uttarkashi tunnel incident, The Central Trade Unions had requested the Union government to ratify the ILO conventions. Content Editor: Dr. Himabindu Reddy ILO Report Source : Published on : Wednesday, December 6, 2023 Occupational Health, Accidents and Injuries, OSH Framework, ILO 11 critical interventions for Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups The Union Cabinet, under the Development Action Plan for the Scheduled Tribes (DAPST) has approved The Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan (PM JANMAN). India has Scheduled Tribe population of 10.45 crore as per the 2011 census, out of which 75 communities located in 18 States and the Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands have been categorized as Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs). Targeting the PVTG, the mission aims at improving their socioeconomic conditions using 11 interventions with basic facilities such as safe housing, clean drinking water, and sanitation, improved access to education, health and nutrition, road and telecom connectivity, and sustainable livelihood opportunities. An overall budget of ₹24104 crore is allocated for the mission, with specific cost norms for each activity. Content Editor: Dr Urmimala Maiti Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : Wednesday, December 6, 2023 Tribal Health, Intersectoral Co-ordination, PM JANMAN China's Ambitious Carbon Reduction Initiative: Carbon to Gold Loan Scheme Shenzhen's Metro station carbon coin initiative registered 14.6 million users, slashing 720,000 metric tons of emissions since August 2022. Household carbon emission contribute over half of China's annual 10 billion metric tons of emissions, highlighting individual potential in emission cuts. China's "Carbon Road for Everyone" promotes public transport usage, tree planting, and energy reduction among citizens in multiple initiatives. Banks experiment with "personal carbon account" systems, the People's Bank of China's pilot "carbon to gold loan" in Quzhou, offering credit rating benefits. A significant challenge with this initiative would be valuing CO2 reductions from various human behaviors like commuting, heating, or waste disposal. Content Editor: Dr. Pradipta S Reuters Source : Published on : Wednesday, December 6, 2023 Global Warming, Carbon Emissions, Carbon Footprints The World Bank has withdrawn 3 working papers on India’s sanitation trends The World Bank has withdrawn 3 working papers citing technical issues amid alleged governmental pressure. The paper titled "Progress on Sanitation in Rural India: Reconciling Diverse Evidence" , highlighted that though Swachh Bharat Mission - Gramin (SBM-G) led to improved toilet access, toilet usage has been declining in rural India since 2018. SBM-G caused a substantial increase in rural toilet access - from 38% in 2012 to 90% in 2019-20. This study combined data from the National Family Health Survey, the National Sample Surveys, the National Annual Rural Sanitation Survey and the SBM-G’s Information System. Other papers that were taken down were: “What Lies Beneath? An Assessment of India’s Groundwater Quality And Monitoring Systems” and “Lifting the lid: Process and Delivery of the Swachh Bharat Mission”. Content Editor: Pradipta S PHC Patrol Source : Published on : December 11, 2023 Sanitation, Swachh Bharat Mission, World Bank Fighting Gender based violence – "Nayi Chetana" campaign D eendayal A ntyodaya Y ojana-N ational R ural L ivelihoods M ission (DAY-NRLM ) launches the campaign's second year, addressing gender issues and violence. The campaign, titled "Nayi Chetana - Pahal Badlav Ki", enters its second year, focusing on combating gender-based violence. There is a significant increase in Self Help Groups (SHGs) from 2.34 crore to 10 crore, applauding the progress in gender equality. This campaign aims to tackle the normalization of gender based violence, lack of awareness, and absence of safe spaces through awareness-building activities and sensitization efforts. DAY-NRLM initiated "Nayi Chetna" successfully mobilized 3.5 crore people, engaging various stakeholders for a broader perspective shift. Taglines for the campaign included 'Sahenge nahin kahenge' and 'Chuppi Todenge'. Content Editor: Dr Sumana Mukhopadhyay Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : December 11, 2023 Gender-based Violence, Women Empowerment Britain Unveils the World's largest Genome Project In 1996, Iceland's deCode genomics provided the first push for programs wishing to employ large-scale population genetic studies for precision medicine and public health. It also significantly influenced the standards by which researchers handle large-scale genomic data and initiated conferences on bioethical issues surrounding genomics. The success of deCODE, combined with the increased availability of sequencing technologies, brought about a slew of population-scale genome initiatives around the world, one such being the UK's '100k Genome project' whose results were nearly 20% actionable resulting in direct healthcare benefits for participants. In India, the IndiGen initiative provided insights into the context of many treatable genetic illnesses and also the effectiveness and toxicity profile of medications . The GenomeIndia effort is working on a broader endeavour to sequence 10,000 complete genomes from various demographic groupings. Content Editor: Dr Himabindu Reddy Nature Source : Published on : December 11, 2023 Public health, Genetics, 100k Genome Project, Guide on "Gender-Inclusive Communication" launched by United Nations in New Delhi. In collaboration with UN WOMEN and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration (LBSNAA ) has launched the ‘Guide on Gender-Inclusive Communication’ in New Delhi on 28th November. This "Guide on Gender-Inclusive Communication" majorly aims to : Guide daily communication keeping in mind the principles of gender neutrality and inclusivity. Carve the positive impact of language in the society. Dr. Munjapara Mahendrabhai, Minister of State, WCD highlighted the imperative role this guide would play in the proper implementation of gender equality and female leadership . Smt. Smrithi Irani during the launch added the importance of promoting the gender-inclusive language which shall be adorned by the implementation of this guide and that the copies shall soon be made available in all the regional domains of language. Content Editor: Akhila Nandan Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : December 11, 2023 Gender equality, UN Women, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation ‘Ayurveda for One Health’, the Global Campaign World Ayurveda Day was organised by The C entral C ouncil for R esearch In A yurvedic S cience (CCRAS ) in early Novemver, 2023. The CCRAS was instrumental in developing a micro website for connecting people globally via the global campaign ‘Ayurveda for One Health’. The global success of the campaign was celebrated on having reached 90 Countries and 12 crore people with 14 lakh participating in nearly 15 thousand activities. The holistic idea of Human, Plant, Animal and environmental welfare through Ayurveda to the public by engaging youth, farmers etc. Content Editor: Dr.Sivanthiga.G Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : December 11, 2023 One Health, AYUSH, World Ayurveda Day Daily News Snippets Monthly Archives 08-14th October, 2023 (5) View More 10-16th September, 2023 (9) View More 20-26th August, 2024 (20) View More 1-6th August, 2023 (25) View More 24-30th September, 2023 (5) View More 01-09th September, 2023 (11) View More 13 - 19 th August , 2024 (5) View More 23-31st July, 2023 (28) View More 17-23rd September, 2023 (10) View More 27-31st August, 2024 (16) View More 6-12th August, 2024 (16) View More 16-22nd July, 2023 (9) View More March 27 - 31, 2023 (15) View More March 6 - 12, 2023 (24) View More February 23 - 25, 2023 (3) View More February 15 - 16, 2023 (8) View More March 20 - 25, 2023 (18) View More March 1 - 5, 2023 (8) View More February 20 - 22, 2023 (2) View More February 07 - 14, 2023 (5) View More March 13 - 18, 2023 (8) View More February 26 - 28, 2023 (15) View More February 17 - 19, 2023 (3) View More February 01 - 06, 2023 (5) View More Subscribe to get Latest Public Health Updates SUBSCRIBE

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45-Headlines of the day (All) Public Health News Snippets 12-18th November, 2023 Compensation for animal bite victims Given the alarmingly high rates of stray animal bites and related fatalities, the high courts of some of the states have decided on the provision of compensation for the victims. The states involved in this decision are: Punjab Haryana Union Territory of Chandigarh This was in response to 193 pleas outlining the lack of any regulatory measures to control such incidences by the states. The justice ordered the formation of a committee by the state to decide the compensation to be paid to the victims who claim it. Any bite of stray cattle or animals, wild or pet animals, qualifies for compensation . The compensations in case of a dog bite are as follows: ₹10,000 for a teeth mark ₹20,000 for a 0.2 cm wound depth of flesh removed Content Editor: Dr Urmimala Maiti High Court of Punjab and Harayana Source : Published on : Thursday, November 23, 2023 One Health, Public Health Laws, Dog-bite Steps towards cleaner Yamuna In line with the six-point action plan to clean the Yamuna River by 2025, the Delhi government will soon commission two year-long studies. One study will focus on the levels of microplastics in river water compared to underground water. Bioaccumulation of microplastics has been postulated to cause genetic and organ dysfunction. The other will study foaming in river water. Foaming results from alarmingly high phosphate levels from toxic pollutants, leading to eutrophication and rendering the water devoid of dissolved oxygen. The studies aim to develop policy decisions for short and long-term solutions. Content Editor: Dr Urmimala Maiti Department of Environment, Government of NCT of Delhi Source : Published on : Thursday, November 23, 2023 Environmental Health, Water pollution Bangladesh conquers Kala-Azar menace A monumental achievement for Bangladesh: WHO validates sustained kala-azar reduction, with reported cases below 1 per 10,000 in all subdistricts for three consecutive years. Kala-Azar is caused by Leishmania spp. And is transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies. It threatens the rural areas with poverty, poor housing, and malnutrition. If left untreated, it can be fatal in over 95% of cases. In 2005, Bangladesh, India, and Nepal initiated the Regional Kala-Azar Elimination Initiative, which was further updated in 2012 for continued elimination efforts. Tools that were crucial in the early detection and treatment of kala-azar in remote places included: rK39 test Liposomal amphotericin B Miltefosine In 2022, there were only 47 kala-azar cases in Bangladesh and 1069 in the Southeast Asia Region, the historic lowest number till now. Further, Bangladesh eliminated lymphatic filariasis in May 2023, making it the first country to eliminate two tropical diseases in one year. Content Editor: Dr. Rashmi Verma WHO News Section Source : Published on : Wednesday, November 22, 2023 Kala Azar, Neglected Tropical Diseases Ixchiq - The first vaccine approved for Chikungunya virus The US FDA approved Ixchiq as the first vaccine against the Chikungunya virus for the 18-year-old and above age group. Chikungunya is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Southeast Asia, and America. Its threat is not only restricted to the acute symptoms but also to the chronic debilitating complications and fatal infection in newborns following mother-to-child transmission. The FDA approved the vaccine using the Accelerated Approval pathway based on Phase III clinical trial data. Six months after vaccination, the live-attenuated, single-dose vaccine demonstrated 96.3% seropositivity. The trial reported severe adverse reactions in some participants. It awaits a postmarketing trial to determine the seriousness of the reactions. Content Editor: Dr Urmimala Maiti US Food & Drug Administration Source : Published on : Wednesday, November 22, 2023 Vaccination, Chikungunya, Clinical Trial, Vector-borne diseases Red flag on safety of eyedrops The US Food and Drug Administration released a corporate announcement by Kilitch Healthcare India Limited on November 15, 2023. The announcement states that the company is voluntarily recalling adverse events reported by patients who have used any of its 26 different eye drops nationwide. The company has notified its distributors, wholesalers, and retailers to report any adverse events following the use of the eye drops, which have an expiration date of November 2023 to September 2025. As per the report, there has been an issue regarding sterilization during the manufacture of the products. Due to inadequate and ineffective sterilization, they carry the risk of spreading potential infections. Content Editor: Dr Urmimala Maiti US Food & Drug Administration Source : Published on : Wednesday, November 22, 2023 Drug safety, FDA Outbreak of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Pakistan "FluTrackers" is an infectious disease news message board. The board has been delivering reports of continuous CCHF hospitalizations since August, reporting 15 deaths until mid-October. On November 5, Flutrackers reported that the government of Balochistan had announced a red alert in the aftermath of 16 CCHF deaths in the region, including a doctor. Officials at the outbreak hospital have taken the following steps: Isolated the infected ward, Taken special precautions to disinfect all cattle markets in the province They have banned private animal slaughter in public areas for two weeks. Also, France reported the first CCHF finding in Hyalomma ticks in October in cattle. CCHF is a viral hemorrhagic fever spread by Hyalomma ticks that is endemic in Africa, the Balkans, the Middle East, and Asia. The disease currently has no vaccination or specific treatments and is highly fatal. Content Editor: Anubhav Mondal Centre for Infectious Disease Policy and Research Source : Published on : Wednesday, November 22, 2023 Epidemic, Viral outbreak, Viral hemorrhagic fever Riverine plastisphere: The new AMR reservoir? Researchers from the University of Warwick led a team that found that after being immersed in a river for a week, both new and old plastics carried opportunistic "microbial hitchhikers" and different sets of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Examples of these hitchhikers were organisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. Plastics operate as a reservoir for pathogenic bacteria, or ARGs, often exacerbated by their persistence in the environment due to their recalcitrance and buoyancy. The findings raise worries that the "riverine plastisphere" could act as an antibiotic resistance reservoir. However, the researchers note that it's too early to tell whether plastics can transmit infection-causing, antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Content Editor: Anubhav Mondal Centre for Infectious Disease Policy and Research Source : Published on : Wednesday, November 22, 2023 Microbial resistance, Water Pollution, AMR Launch of the "Impact well-being"- campaign to tackle healthcare workers burnout Impact Wellbeing is a new campaign launched by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). This campaign provides hospital leaders with evidence-based resources to improve workplace policies and practices. These will help: Reduce burnout Normalize help-seeking Strengthen professional well-being. Impact Wellbeing assists hospital executives and their healthcare workforce by providing concrete measures to: Fine-tune quality improvements Build new workflows Make employees feel safe seeking help Furthermore, hospital administrators can eliminate one of the most significant system impediments to healthcare worker well-being: intrusive mental health questions on hospital credentialing forms. For more than 50 years, NIOSH has provided methods and resources to workers and employers, including hospital management, in order to promote sustainable, safe workplaces. Content Editor:Anubhav Mondal Centre for Disease Control Source : Published on : Tuesday, November 21, 2023 Occupational health, well being Delhi govt has plans for the worsening air quality during and after Diwali. The Air Quality Index (AQI) of Delhi on November 13, 2023, was 358, categorized as "very poor" for the 24-hour average. The Air Quality Early Warning System predicts poorer air quality until November 14, 2023. As a regulatory measure, the Supreme Court ordered a ban on the sale of firecrackers in Delhi. Police patrolling to seize firecrackers and curb their sales reported violations of rules in many parts of Delhi. The odd-even vehicle rationing measure is on hold till further notice following the rains. The continued ban on construction and demolition activities in some areas has significantly impacted the lives of daily-wage laborers. Content Editor: Dr Urmimala Maiti The Commission for Air Quality Management in National Capital Region and Adjoining Areas Source : Published on : Tuesday, November 21, 2023 Environmental Health, Air Pollution, AQI South East Asia in Action Bangladesh has become the first country to eliminate the kala-azar. 70% of the global cases were observed in India, Bangladesh, and Nepal. India is next in queue to eliminate the kala-azar. Also, the Maldives was the first country to interrupt the transmission of leprosy. Achievements of the other Southeast Asian countries includes: 5 out of 11 member countries—Bhutan, DPR Korea, the Maldives, Sri Lanka, and Timor-Leste—have achieved the regional target of measles and rubella elimination. Korea opened an account recently by achieving 99.8% vaccine coverage. 4 out of 11 member countries—the Maldives, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Bangladesh—have eliminated lymphatic filariasis Nepal and Myanmar have eliminated trachoma. India has been verified as yaws-free. Content Editor: Dr. Ghurumourthy WHO News Section Source : Published on : Neglected Tropical disease, Infectious disease, Vaccine preventable disease Vaccine development: A 100-day mission The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) and Moderna, Inc. have formed a strategic alliance. This alliance will use Moderna's mRNA platform to expedite vaccine research against viral disease outbreaks that threaten global health. The collaboration's study could broaden the infectious disease targets for mRNA vaccine technology. This will also strengthen pandemic preparedness and public health activities in line with the 100-Day Mission. The 100-day mission aims to limit vaccine development to 100 days. mRNA technology has been identified as an essential driver of the 100 Days Mission due to its versatility as a rapid-response platform. mRNA technology can be leveraged to design and swiftly prepare novel vaccines for clinical testing and subsequent scale-up. This technology can potentially help in scaling up new vaccines within days of recognizing a new viral threat. Content Editor: Dr. Ghurumourthy moderna Source : Published on : Tuesday, November 21, 2023 Global health, Epidemics/outbreaks, Vaccine, mRNA COVID-19 and Cognition A longitudinal study was conducted using data from the PROTECT study on individuals aged 50 and above in the UK to examine the impact of the pandemic on cognitive abilities. Cognitive abilities were evaluated using a computerized neuropsychology battery. A significant decline in executive function and working memory was observed in the first year of the pandemic across all participants. Regression analysis revealed that this cognitive decline was significantly linked to Decreased physical activity Increased alcohol consumption Depression Feelings of loneliness. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant decrease in cognitive abilities in older adults, which is associated with changes in known risk factors for dementia. The persistent decline in cognitive abilities underscores the need for long-term interventions and support for cognitive health in older adults. The National Institute for Health and Care Research funded this study. Content Editor: Dr. Ghurumourthy The Lancet Source : Published on : Tuesday, November 21, 2023 Mental health, Elderly, COVID 19, Long Covid Daily News Snippets Monthly Archives 13 - 19 th August , 2024 (5) View More 23-31st July, 2023 (28) View More 25-30th June, 2023 (13 ) View More 1-10th June, 2023 (12 ) View More 6-12th August, 2024 (16) View More 16-22nd July, 2023 (9) View More 18-24th June, 2023 (11 ) View More 28-31st May, 2023 (3) View More 1-6th August, 2023 (25) View More 1-8th July, 2023 (5) View More 11-17th June, 2023 (7 ) View More 22-28th May, 2023 (7) View More March 27 - 31, 2023 (15) View More March 6 - 12, 2023 (24) View More February 23 - 25, 2023 (3) View More February 15 - 16, 2023 (8) View More March 20 - 25, 2023 (18) View More March 1 - 5, 2023 (8) View More February 20 - 22, 2023 (2) View More February 07 - 14, 2023 (5) View More March 13 - 18, 2023 (8) View More February 26 - 28, 2023 (15) View More February 17 - 19, 2023 (3) View More February 01 - 06, 2023 (5) View More Subscribe to get Latest Public Health Updates SUBSCRIBE

110-Headlines of the day (List) Public Health News Snippets 24-28th February 2025 NGT and UPPCB row over Ganga Water Quality Concerns at Maha Kumbh 2025 A recent National Green Tribunal report from Uttar Pradesh has raised alarm bells over the Ganga’s water quality ahead of the Maha Kumbh Mela. Findings reveal that the river water fails to meet the safety standards established by the C entral P ollution C ontrol B oard, with exceptionally high levels of faecal coliform bacteria detected. While some parameters remain within acceptable limits, the elevated bacterial contamination poses significant health risks for devotees and participants. The report urges authorities to adopt stringent remedial measures and continuous monitoring to ensure safe water conditions during the mega event. Experts emphasize the need for immediate pollution control interventions to restore the river’s ecological balance and protect public health. Content Editor: PHC Editor National Green Tribunal Source : Published on : February 27, 2025 Ganga water quality, NGT report, Maha Kumbh, CPCB, faecal coliform Selenium-Contaminated Wheat Linked to Baldness in Buldhana Dr Himmatrao Bawaskar, a Padma awardee physician, led a month-long investigation into a sudden outbreak of severe hair loss in Buldhana. It was found that wheat from Punjab , supplied to ration shops in Buldhana, contained dangerously high levels of selenium . Excessive selenium intake is linked to widespread baldness observed among residents. Experts revealed that the risk was further intensified by low zinc levels in individuals, a deficiency known to worsen hair loss. The incident has prompted investigations into the supply chain and quality control measures at local ration shops. Health officials are urging immediate testing and nutritional interventions to mitigate further health impacts. The case highlights the urgent need for stringent monitoring of food quality in public distribution systems . Ongoing investigation aims to clarify the impact and prevent future occurrences of similar issues. Content Editor: PHC Editor Indian Council of Medical Research Source : Published on : February 27, 2025 Selenium, Wheat, Zinc, Baldness, Heavy-Metal Poisoning "India's Path to Sustainable Growth: Highlights from the Economic Survey 2024-25" India’s vision for inclusive and sustainable development aligns with its ambition of becoming Viksit Bharat by 2047 , as highlighted in the Economic Survey 2024-25. Efficient coal use, advanced thermal power technologies, and nuclear energy are emphasized. India is progressing towards its NDC targets , achieving 46.8% installed capacity from non-fossil fuel sources . Net-zero emissions by 2070 require grid improvements, critical minerals, and climate finance support. Mission LiFE promotes mindful consumption, waste management, circular economy, and pro-environment behaviours. Content Editor: Dr Anamika Press Information Bureau of India Source : Published on : March 2, 2025 Sustainable development, renewable energy, climate resilience Economic Survey 2024-25: Mental Well-Being Key to Productivity and Growth The Economic Survey 2024-25 defines mental well-being as critical for navigating challenges and maintaining productivity. It highlights the impact of lifestyle choices, workplace culture, and family dynamics on mental health and economic productivity. The rising mental health issues among youth are linked to excessive internet and social media use. Regular consumption of junk food (HFSS), lack of exercise, and weak family connections worsen mental well-being. Hostile work cultures and long desk hours are identified as detrimental to mental health and economic growth. The Survey calls for school, family, and societal interventions to improve mental health outcomes and ensure sustainable economic growth. Content Editor: Dr Anamika Press Information Bureau of India Source : Published on : March 1, 2025 Mental Well-Being, Productivity, Economic Growth Guillain Barre Syndrome outbreak reaches Telangana Telangana reported its first case of Guillain Barre syndrome, currently affecting multiple states in India, when a 25-year-old woman from the Siddipet district was admitted to a private institution, KIMS Hospital in Hyderabad . This marks the first case reported from the state. The patient was initially treated at another hospital for a week before she was shifted due to her worsening condition. Doctors state that her condition is critical, and she is currently on ventilator support . The patient had no history of travel to Pune or any family history of similar illnesses. Content Editor: Dr Manu PHC Editorial Bureau Source : Published on : February 21, 2025 Outbreak, Surveillance, Guillain Barre Syndrome Reforming Labour Laws for Better Mental Well-being The Union Budget 2025-26 allocated ₹99,858.56 crore to MoH&FW, including ₹79.6 crore for Tele MANAS and increased NIMHANS funding . Despite this, blue-collar workers remain underserved due to policy gaps, unsafe work conditions, and stigma. Unlike corporate employees, they struggle to access mental health support due to job insecurity, long hours, and hazardous workplaces. The OSHWC Code (2020) covers only physical safety , while the CSC Code (2020) fails to recognize mental illness as an occupational disease , limiting compensation. With a 70-92% treatment gap, low-income workers are most affected. Labour laws must integrate mental health , ensuring compensation for work-related illness. Employers must regulate work hours, enforce mental health policies and promote Tele MANAS and counseling services. Expanding legal protections, employer accountability, and awareness will create safer, healthier workplaces for all. Content Editor: Dr M Kasif PHC Editorial Bureau Source : Published on : February 21, 2025 Mental health, SDG 3, Labour laws, Occupational health Need for New Law- For manufactured chemicals in protecting children’s health Safeguarding children’s health against synthetic chemicals requires a fundamental shift in chemical law to take a precautionary approach over unconstrained production. Fewer than 20% chemicals have been tested for toxicity, and it’s still fewer when it comes to toxic effects in infants and children. Unlike pharmaceuticals, synthetic chemicals have little assessment for health impacts and almost no post-marketing surveillance for long-term adverse effects. Most synthetic chemicals and products are produced from fossil fuels such as gas, oil and coal. Yet, they are subjected to few legal or policy constraints. There was a 50-fold increase since 1950, and it is projected to triple again by 2050 , which has led to widespread human exposure and environmental pollution, too. Association between chemicals and disease in children continue to rise with distressing frequency, with still many additional diseases undiscovered. Content Editor: Dr Soundhar The New England Journal of Medicine Source : Published on : February 20, 2025 Children’s health, environmental health, Health policy Obesity and it’s association with climate change According to researchers, in developing countries with a rise of 10 degrees C, there was a rise of 4% in the BMI of children and a 2% rise in BMI in women . It stated that BMI tends to increase at both low and high temperatures as there was a U-shaped relation between temperature and BMI. Impact of temperature on obesity is a long-term outcome, which also makes people to stay indoors and which in turn, leads to reduced physical inactivity . According to a 2019 Lancet commission report, climate change impacts plants’ protein and micronutrient content too, as elevated carbon dioxide levels have shown to reduce concentration in wheat, rice, potato, etc., by 10-15%. When people spend less time in cool temperatures, the body’s need for adaptive thermogenesis reduces, leading to less demand for energy, ultimately leading to obesity. According to the American Heart Association review of studies from 28 countries, today’s children are 15% less physically fit than their parents at the same age. Content Editor: Dr Soundhar JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH-GLOBAL HEALTH NOW Source : Published on : February 20, 2025 Climate change, obesity, global health, child health Report addressing misinformation about science Research on misinformation is being done in many disciplines, with each offering its definitions. It’s also important to note that the claims that are tagged as misinformation can evolve over time as new evidence accumulates. There are many sources of misinformation, and sometimes misinformation may be unintentional too. So, most of the work on the impact of misinformation focused on harm to individuals and much less to society. Intervention should be designed along four points, which resupply, demand, distribution and uptake , though most of the evidence comes from intervention on uptake of misinformation. Attention needs to be given to institutional aspects and to build capacity and capability to generate accurate information and to increase its supply, then to focus on censoring inaccurate information. Content Editor: Dr Soundhar HARVARD T.H.CHAN school Of Public Health Source : Published on : February 19, 2025 Misinformation, Health Policy, Health Research To focus on healthy habits instead of quick fixes for a longer life It was suggested that maintaining a healthy weight across life stages is critical for healthy aging and for improving both lifespan and health span . There were other science-backed strategies mentioned in the article such as dietary pattern which is high in healthy fats and vegetables and low in processed foods and sugar and to avoid smoking. It was also noted there was an association with weight loss and physical activity with the reduced chronic disease risk. So, Experts quoted in the article that focusing on sustainable changes such as making switching to making gradual healthier food based on personal and cultural factors and to find small opportunities for movement over course of the day. Content Editor: Dr Soundhar Harvard T.H. CHAN School of Public Health Source : Published on : February 19, 2025 Healthy aging, Diet habits, Lifestyle changes ‘Hospital at home’ Programs remain concentrated in larger, urban Not-for-profit and academic hospitals The ‘Hospital-at-home’ program was adopted from the Center for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS ) which was established in November 2020 allows hospitals to deliver care to patients in their own homes instead of traditional admission in hospital in case of acute illness. In the cross-sectional analysis of short-term acute care hospitals in the United States, the study compared hospitals that applied waivers between November 2022 and December 2022 (pre-extension hospitals) and those after that (post-extension hospitals). Study found that adoption of waiver remained concentrated in urban, not-for-profit and academic hospitals. Study implicated that if CMS wants to expand the reach of Hospital-at-Home, then work must be done to ensure and incorporate rural and non-teaching hospitals. It indicates that these types of hospitals are not seeking to create these programs on their own, because of resources involved in it to sustain their operation. Content Editor: Dr Soundhar Los Angeles Health Sciences Source : Published on : February 18, 2025 Health Program, International health, Health innovations WHOs Multi-Country Report : Mpox Ouutbreak WHO’s Multi-country External Situation Report No. 45 (January 11, 2025) outlines the ongoing global Mpox outbreak with a focus on clade Ib MPXV. In central Africa, the DRC, Burundi, and Uganda remain key hotspots, with community transmission and weekly case numbers of 100–200. For instance, the DRC recorded 2,464 cases (5 deaths) over six weeks, while Uganda and Burundi reported significant numbers, although December festivities likely reduced surveillance. Internationally, travel-associated cases emerged in 11 non-African countries, including instances in Germany, the UK, China, and others, with some countries like Tanzania and the UAE suspected of undetected spread. The report differentiates clade dynamics : clade Ia in the DRC is zoonotic but now increasingly human-transmitted ; clade Ib is spreading rapidly via human contact ; clade IIa is newly observed in West Africa; and clade IIb continues at low levels globally, primarily among MSM. Africa saw 14,700 cases (66 deaths) over one year amid shifting demographics. WHO emphasizes bolstering surveillance, vaccination (87,000 doses in the DRC, 4.83 million doses for 2025), and cross-border collaboration , deeming clades Ib and Ia high risk. Additionally, ongoing trials indicate limited efficacy of tecovirimat for mild cases, prompting updated infection prevention protocols and expanded decentralized testing in resource-constrained areas. Content Editor: Dr Chinmay World Health Organization Source : Published on : February 18, 2025 Mpox, WHO report, Outbreak Health concerns rise as two die from suspected Guillain Barre syndrome in Kolkata The West Bengal Health Department confirmed the deaths of two individuals aged 10 and 17 years to be due to Guillain Barre syndrome (GBS ). The first individual was a 17 year old adolescent from the North 24 Paraganas District. Though he passed away due to septic shock and myocarditis at NRS Medical College, Kolkata, doctors suspect that GBS was the underlying disease. The 10 year old child was admitted to BC Roy Hospital who hailed from Jagatdal in the North 24 Paraganas district. He died after receiving treatment for a week. On 29th January, a 48 year old man visited Dhaniakhali, Hooghly with symptoms of diarrhea for the past 4 days along with lower limb paralysis. He was put on oxygen due to respiratory issues, but was declared dead on arrival to Kolkata Medical college . The doctors suspected GBS in the case. This outbreak in Kolkata follows the outbreak in Pune affecting more than 100 people and is suspected to be due to contaminated water sources . Content Editor: Dr. Manu PHC Editorial Bureau Source : Published on : February 4, 2025 Outbreak, Surveillance, Guillain Barre Syndrome U.S. to Withdraw From WHO Over Alleged Bias and Funding Disparities President Donald Trump declared that the United States would exit from the World Health Organization (WHO ) within 12 months of January 20, 2025, citing concerns over its political influence and financial structure. Trump accused the WHO of acting under the “inappropriate political influence” of certain member states, particularly China. He claimed the organization mishandled global health crises, including COVID-19, by failing to act independently. The U.S., contributing 18% of WHO’s $6.8 billion budget, was its largest financial backer. Trump has criticized the unequal financial burden on the United States of America. This decision mirrors Trump’s attempt in 2020 to withdraw, citing similar concerns. The WHO denies allegations of bias and continues pressing China for data pertaining to the origin of COVID-19. The U.S. exit raises concerns about future global health funding and cooperation. Content Editor: Dr Mohammed Kasif PHC Editorial Bureau Source : Published on : February 4, 2025 Global health, Health funding, Pandemic response, World Health Organisation Targeted nutritional support to affected households can avert ~400,000 TB deaths by 2035 A recent modelling study conducted by researchers from London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London and Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore; published in Lancet Global health, has evaluated the cost-effectiveness of nutritional support for TB households in conjunction with impact of the intervention on further transmission of TB . The study estimated that about 900,000 TB episodes and around 400,000 fatalities can be prevented if India can implement nutritional support for all household contacts of TB patients in at least 50% of families where people are undergoing treatment for tuberculosis from 2023 to 2035. These figures correspond to preventing 2·2% (2·1–2·4) of all TB cases and 4·6% (4·2–5·5) of all TB fatalities. This proposed intervention would cost the nation around Rs.15k per DALYs prevented . The study also estimated that on the contrary nutritional support to only the patient undergoing TB treatment can avert 46700 new cases and 234,300 TB fatalities . Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. KH Reddy The Lancet Global Health Source : Published on : January 31, 2025 Tuberculosis, Infectious disease modelling, Nutrition, Health economics Pune Battles a Surge in Guillain-Barré Syndrome Cases The Pune Municipal Corporation, the Pimpri-Chinchiwad Municipal Corporation , and a few adjoining districts of Pune , Maharashtra, have reported about 127 cases of Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS ), with two suspected deaths and 20 patients on ventilators as of 30 January 2025. GBS is a rare autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks peripheral nerves, causing muscle weakness, numbness, and paralysis. Though its exact cause is unclear, it often follows viral or bacterial infections . The condition is more common in adults and males , with an incidence of 1–2 per 100,000 population. With cases rising, strengthened surveillance , early detection , and public awareness are crucial in managing the outbreak of GBS. The Union Ministry of Health & Family Welfare has deployed a team to assess the outbreak, while local health officials have surveyed over 25,500 households in affected areas. Postmortem and microbiological tests are being conducted to confirm the cause of death. Following this, local authorities have sent samples to the Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology (ICMR-NIV ) for further analysis. Content Editor: Dr. Mohammed Kasif Social Trends Source : Published on : January 30, 2025 Disease outbreak, Auto-immune disorder, Surveillance Pakistan detects the nation’s first Mpox case in 2025 The first case of Mpox in 2025 in Pakistan was detected at Peshawar airport in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. A 35-year-old man traveling from Dubai has been identified as the patient. The patient had reported symptoms of the disease and a recent travel history of visiting the Gulf countries . He was then transferred to the Police Services Hospital, where his samples were sent to the Public Health Reference Lab. His diagnosis was thus confirmed. The passenger’s flight details were also sent to the Peshawar Airport Manager to initiate contact tracing among the passengers of the same flight as the index case. This marks the 10th case of Mpox in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, with two cases seen in 2023, seven in 2024, and now one in 2025. Content Editor: Dr. Manu Social Trends Source : Published on : January 30, 2025 Outbreak, Surveillance, Mpox Outbreak due to unidentified toxic agent impacts Rajouri District in Jammu and Kashmir An outbreak that affected the Badhaal village in Rajouri district in Jammu and Kashmir led to 17 deaths, with over 38 people affected since December 2024. It has led to a multi-sectoral response by the State and Union governments to curb the outbreak. A Special Investigation Team (SIT ) led by the State police and supported by experts from the National Institute of Virology (NIV ), Pune, PGIMER Chandigarh, AIIMS, New Delhi, and National Centres for Disease Control (NCDC ), New Delhi was formed to investigate the possible causes. This was supplemented by an inter-ministerial team of experts from the M inistry of H ealth and F amily W elfare, the M inistry of A griculture & F armers’ W elfare, the M inistry of C hemicals and F ertilisers, and the M inistry of J al S hakti. Steps undertaken to control the outbreak - Active door-to-door surveillance has been carried out to screen residents for similar symptoms of high fever, body ache, vomiting, and unconsciousness , with 230 residents quarantined. Meanwhile, the police had also disallowed residents from drawing water from nearby wells and community feasting. Food is being supplied by the government under strict supervision. It seems to have been caused by an as-yet unidentified toxin . However, based on the symptoms, a neurotoxin is suspected after tests have turned out to be negative for all viruses, bacteria, or other pathogens. The search for the cause continues as rising deaths have led to the cancellation of leaves for healthcare staff in the district. Content Editor: Dr. Manu Social Trends Source : Published on : January 29, 2025 Outbreak Investigation, Epidemiology Empowering Sustainability: Remarkable Growth in India’s Renewable Energy Sector Non-Fossil Fuel Capacity: Total capacity, including nuclear energy reached 211.36 GW Solar Power: Showed the highest growth, with an increase of 20.1 GW (27.9%), rising from 72.02 GW to 92.12 GW and a total capacity of 250.57 GW when considering projects underway or tendered. Wind Energy: Grew by 7.8% rising from 44.29GW to 47.72GW Renewable Energy: Between April and October 2024, India added 12.6 GW of renewable energy capacity with 1.72GW added in October alone. Hydro and Nuclear Power: Hydropower contributed to 46.93 GW, while nuclear power accounted for 8.18 GW of the renewable energy mix. The expansion of renewable energy projects under implementation and tendered further accelerates India’s transition towards clean energy, reinforcing its commitment to sustainable development. Content Editor: Dr. Anubhav Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : January 29, 2025 Environment, Non fossil fuels, Fossil fuels, Sustainability Return of fluorosis in Nalgonda sparks concerns Following reports of cases of dental fluorosis detected in Marriguda Mandal of Nalgonda District, Hyderabad , the Department of Medicine and Health, Karnataka launched a household survey to identify cases of fluorosis in the district. Conducted by Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs), it was a door to door, household survey that covered over 34,800 contacts that tried to identify fluorosis symptoms in elderly and children . Over 100-150 cases of dental fluorosis and multiple cases of skeletal fluorosis were identified in the target age groups. This suggests a risk of relapse of fluorosis in a region that was free from the burden since 2020. The Nalgonda district has historically suffered from this scourge with over 1180 mandals affected. Mission Bhagirathi , launched in 2015 by the previous Karnataka government to supply potable water via taps was a successful initiative that ended the spread of cases. Authorities and activists have blamed faulty management of the water supply along with a use of groundwater rich in fluoride by reverse osmosis(RO) plants that led to consumption of rice and vegetables contaminated with fluoride rich water. In response, the government will analyze the survey data and plan further implementation of corrective measures. Content Editor: Dr. Manu District Flouride Monitoring Committee, Government of Telangana Source : Published on : January 28, 2025 Nutrition, Surveys, Water Pollution, Fluorosis Innovative Mango-flavored Tablet Shows Promise in Combating Intestinal Worm Infections A randomized trial published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases revealed that a mango-flavored tablet combining ivermectin and albendazole is more effective against soil-transmitted helminth (STH ) infections, especially Trichuris trichiura (whipworm), than albendazole alone. The study, involving 1,001 children in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Mozambique, showed cure rates of 97.2% for a three-dose regimen (FDCx3) and 82.9% for a single dose (FDCx1) , compared to 35.9% for albendazole alone . The treatment was safe, with mild gastrointestinal side effects resolving within 48 hours, and was well-accepted by children for its taste, smell, and texture. The fixed-dose combination (FDC ) also holds promise for treating Strongyloides stercoralis , which is resistant to albendazole but responsive to ivermectin. Researchers believe this FDC could enhance STH control efforts, supporting mass de-worming programs and individual treatments, potentially redefining global elimination goals. Further studies are planned to evaluate its broader implementation in endemic regions Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Chinmay Lancet Source : Published on : January 28, 2025 Randomised Control Trial, Infectious Disease, New Drug, International Health News Marburg Virus Outbreak Suspected in Tanzania: WHO Issues Regional Alert The WHO has reported a suspected Marburg virus outbreak in Tanzania’s Kagera region, which experienced a similar outbreak in 2023. As of January 11, nine suspected cases, including eight deaths, have been identified. With healthcare workers among those affected, it underscores the risk of transmission in medical settings. Patients displayed symptoms like fever, headache, muscle pain, and bloody vomiting . Samples from two cases are under testing, with results pending. Kagera, near Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi, is a transit hub, raising concerns about cross-border spread . The WHO rates the risk to Tanzania and the region as high due to the virus’s lethality and unknown origin but considers global risk low . No approved vaccines or treatments exist, complicating containment efforts. Content Editor: Dr. Chinmay Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy (CIDRAP) Source : Published on : January 27, 2025 Marburg virus, International Health News, Viral Hemorrhagic Fever WHO Reports New Marburg Virus Outbreak in Tanzania’s Kagera Region The World Health Organization (WHO ) has announced a suspected Marburg virus outbreak in Tanzania's Kagera region, which had previously experienced an outbreak in 2023. On January 10, the WHO was informed of six suspected cases, five of them fatal, showing symptoms of viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF ), including headache, fever, muscle pain, diarrhea, and vomiting with blood. By January 11, the number of suspected cases had risen to nine , with eight fatalities. Health workers are among the suspected cases, highlighting the risk of transmission in healthcare settings. Although there is no approved treatment or vaccine for Marburg virus, an investigational vaccine was used in Rwanda's 2023 outbreak to protect health workers. Due to its high fatality rate , infections among health workers and the virus’s unclear source, the WHO has assessed the risk to Tanzania as high. Kagera’s location as a transit hub with significant cross-border movement adds to the regional risk. However, the global risk remains low , as Kagera is not near major international airports. Content Editor: Dr. Subhana Siyad Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy (CIDRAP) Source : Published on : January 18, 2025 Outbreak, Viral Haemorrhagic Fever From Heatwaves to Waistlines: The Climate-Obesity Relationship Climate change is emerging to be a contributor to obesity, which is also driven by a complex mix of genetic, behavioral, and social factors. Rising temperatures impact behavior, leading to reduced physical activity and changes in diet, especially in developing countries. Research studies found that a 1°C increase in temperature was linked to a 4% rise in children's BMI and a 2% increase in women's BMI . The studies showed a U-shaped relationship between temperature and BMI meaning higher rates of obesity at both high and low temperatures. Extreme heat also has long-term consequences, causing people to stay indoors and rely on more calorie-dense, processed foods due to higher agricultural prices and lower crop yields. The nutritional content of crops are also affected as climate change causes decrease in protein levels in staples like rice and wheat. Rising temperatures further affect obesity by decreasing energy expenditure through adaptive thermogenesis, a process that helps regulate body temperature. To combat these effects, experts emphasize solutions like increased physical education in schools and climate-resilient agricultural practices to improve nutrition and prevent obesity. Content Editor: Dr. Subhana Siyad John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Source : Published on : January 18, 2025 Climate Change, Obesity From Poverty Reduction to TB Control: The Success of Brazil’s Bolsa Família Program A landmark study conducted by Jesus GS, Pinto PFPS, Silva AF et al. involving 54.5 million low-income Brazilians demonstrated that conditional cash transfer programs like Brazil’s Bolsa Família Program (BFP) can help achieve global tuberculosis (TB) targets. Implemented in 2004, the BFP provides financial support to poor families on the condition that they meet specific health and education requirements. The study analyzed TB incidence, mortality, and case fatality rates between 2004 and 2015, comparing BFP beneficiaries (23.9 million) with non-beneficiaries (30.6 million). Results showed a significant reduction in TB cases and deaths among beneficiaries , with a more than 50% decrease in extremely poor individuals and 60% among indigenous populations. The improved access to food , reducing food insecurity and malnutrition —a key TB risk factor—was identified as a major reason for these outcomes. The study underscores the role of social protection programs in reducing TB burden , highlighting their potential to support global health goals, including the END-TB strategy and the Sustainable Development Goals . Content Editor: Dr. Subhana Siyad Barcelona Institute for Global Health ISGlobal Source : Published on : January 18, 2025 Cash Transfer, Tuberculosis Next chapter in Atmanirbhar Bharat: Indigenous Paracetamol production Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh unveiled the indegenously produced medication "Paracetamol" by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) on the 40th Foundation Day of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR) at the Dr. Ambedkar International Centre, New Delhi. In line with the goal of "Self-Reliant India," this invention by CSIR, which is affiliated to the Ministry of Science & Technology, Government of India, intends to make India self-reliant in the production of paracetamol by lowering reliance on imported chemicals. Satya Deeptha Pharmaceuticals Ltd., a company based in Karnataka, will use this innovation to manufacture reasonably priced paracetamol domestically. Content Editor: Dr. Subhana Siyad Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : January 18, 2025 Drug Production India’s Surveillance Systems on Alert Amid Global Respiratory Illness Trends To address the growing number of respiratory disease cases in China, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW ) convened a Joint Monitoring Group (JMG ) meeting. The World Health Organisation (WHO) , Disaster Management Cell , Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) , National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) , and Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) were among the organisations that sent experts to take part in the meeting. Following conclusions were drawn after the meeting: The surge in respiratory illnesses in China is linked to common seasonal pathogens like the Influenza virus, RSV, and HMPV, which are already circulating globally, including in India. India has a robust surveillance system in place for Influenza Like Illness (ILI ) and Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (SARI ), which is not showing any concerning trends. As a precaution, the ICMR will increase HMPV testing . According to data from recent preparedness drills, India is prepared to deal with an increase in respiratory infections, and its health systems are alert to new threats. Content Editor: Dr. Subhana Siyad Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : January 18, 2025 Respiratory Illness, Surveillance Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY Takes Off in Odisha, Strengthening Healthcare for Millions On 13th January 2025, Odisha took a step towards ‘Viksit Bharat’ and ‘Utkarsh Odisha’ by becoming the 34th state to implement the Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB PM-JAY ), following a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the National Health Authority (NHA ) AB PM-JAY will converge with Odisha’s existing G opabandhu J an A rogya Y ojana (GJAY ), offering a health cover of Rs 5 lakh per family per year , with an additional Rs 5 lakh for women members . It will cover around 1.03 crore families (4.5 crore people) and provide access to nearly 2,000 medical procedures across 27 specialties. The scheme also benefits people aged 70 and above through the Ayushman Vay Vandana Card . The scheme will provide cashless treatment in over 29,000 empaneled hospitals, significantly benefiting Odisha’s tribal, underprivileged, and migrant populations. The impact of the program since its inception includes 8.19 crore hospital admissions, ₹1.13 lakh crore spent on healthcare for marginalized communities, In remote and conflict-prone areas, such as Bastar and Bijapur, hospital admissions have increased, In Madhya Pradesh, there was a 30-fold rise in hospital admissions, Additionally, access to cancer treatment has increased by 33% , improving early diagnosis and health-seeking behavior, especially among women. Content Editor: Dr. Subhana Siyad Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : January 18, 2025 Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY, Health Insurance Strengthen Monitoring and Evaluation of Food Products: GAO Recommendations to FDA The Food and Drug Association (FDA ) oversees nearly 80% of the United States’ food supply, including vegetables, fruits, processed and packaged foods, and seafood. Millions of Americans annually suffer from foodborne illnesses, highlighting the importance of food-related inspections . As per the G overnment A ccountability O ffice, the FDA has failed to meet the mandated inspection targets for domestic and foreign food facilities since 2018. Average annual domestic inspections by the FDA (2018-2023): 8,353; however, high-risk facilities were not inspected as mandated due to COVID-19 disruptions. Foreign inspections: Only 9% of the FDA's annual target of 19,200 foreign inspections were met in 2019, with an average of just 917 inspections per year. As of July 2024, the FDA had only 432 investigators, which is about 90% of its capacity, hampering inspection efforts. The Government Accountability Office (GAO ) recommended The US Congress should direct the FDA to determine and communicate realistic annual foreign inspection targets . The FDA should improve procedures to minimize incomplete inspections and establish a performance management process for food safety. Content Editor: Dr Tanya USGAO Source : Published on : January 17, 2025 Food Handling, Food Packaging, FDA Assessment of Uptake and Disparities in RSV Prevention Measures Among Infants: Insights from a US-based study In 2023, two new interventions to protect infants from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV ) became available in the United States: RSVpreF vaccine for pregnant individuals to be administered at 32-36 weeks gestation - RSVpreF, which protects infants through maternal vaccination, demonstrated an efficacy of 82% against severe RSV disease in the first few months of life. Nirsevimab , a monoclonal antibody for infants under 8 months - Nirsevimab was approved in the US for use in infants and showed high efficacy in clinical trials, with an 81% reduction in RSV-related hospitalizations. A study was conducted at Kaiser Permanente Northern California to assess the effect on uptake of RSVpreF and nirsevimab of various sociodemographic factors associated. Objective: To estimate the uptake of protective measures against RSV amongst mothers and infants born in at KPNC. Methods: Data from electronic medical records of infants born at KPNC to mothers aged 15 years to 49 years October 17, 2023 and March 31, 2024 was reviewed. Results: The results revealed that out of 17,251 infants, 77.5% received protection through either RSVpreF or Nirsevimab. 33.9% were exposed solely to RSVpreF, while 40.9% received only nirsevimab. A small percentage (2.7%) received both interventions. Notably, younger mothers were less likely to have received RSVpreF but more likely to have their infants receive nirsevimab. Conclusion: Nearly 80% of infants born during the RSV season received protection against the virus, with disparities in vaccination rates among different demographic groups. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Tanya JAMA Network Source : Published on : January 17, 2025 Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Communicable Diseases, Vaccines Re-evaluating Water Fluoridation: Cognitive Impact and Safety Concerns Water fluoridation, long considered a public health success for preventing tooth decay, is now debated due to its possible link to lower I.Q. scores in children. A recent JAMA Pediatrics study reviewed 74 studies from 10 countries, revealing an inverse relationship between fluoride exposure and cognitive abilities . Although fluoride levels in U.S. drinking water are typically low, nearly three million Americans consume water exceeding 1.5 parts per million. Critics question the necessity of water fluoridation, suggesting that topical fluoride from toothpaste and dental treatments may be sufficient . Former NIEHS director Linda Birnbaum highlights concerns about fluoride’s potential neurotoxicity and advises limiting exposure for pregnant women and infants. Advocates for further investigation urge an unbiased evaluation of fluoride’s safety and efficacy, warning that failure to address these concerns could erode public trust in health policies. A reassessment of fluoride’s role in public health remains critical. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Chinmay JAMA Pediatrics Source : Published on : January 16, 2025 Water Fluoridation, Public health measures Urgent Call to Address Cryptosporidiosis: A Neglected Threat to Child Health Cryptosporidiosis is a severe public health issue, causing acute diarrhea, malnutrition, developmental delays, and high child mortality, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, South America, and Asia. Responsible for 7.5 million cases and 200,000 child deaths annually , the disease primarily affects children under five. Existing treatment, nitazoxanide , is largely ineffective for malnourished or immunocompromised patients, leaving a critical need for better solutions. The Cryptosporidiosis Therapeutics Advocacy Group (CTAG ) is pushing for its inclusion in the WHO’s list of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) , which would drive global awareness, funding, and collaboration. Such recognition could enhance global awareness, increase funding, and foster collaboration, thereby catalyzing research efforts, expediting the development of treatments and vaccines, and encouraging pharmaceutical companies to invest through incentives like FDA priority review vouchers. Promising new treatments are currently in clinical trials, offering hope for effective solutions. Global action is essential to reduce cryptosporidiosis’s devastating impact on vulnerable populations, especially young children in low-income regions. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Chinmay Global Health Now (Johns Hopkins School of Public Health) Source : Published on : January 16, 2025 Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD), Cryptosporidiosis, International Health News National AYUSH Mission's Impact Highlighted in New Film Series The Ministry of AYUSH launched the film series "AYUSH for All: Holistic Health Care through National AYUSH Mission," showcasing the significant impact of the N ational A YUSH M ission (NAM ) in delivering affordable and holistic healthcare, particularly to rural and underserved communities. NAM Achievements Establishment of 167 integrated AYUSH Hospitals and upgradation of 416 hospitals and 5036 dispensaries . Integrated provision of AYUSH services in 2322 Primary Health Centres (PHCs) , 715 Community Health Centres (CHCs) , and 314 District Hospitals (DHs) . Supply of essential medicines to 996 hospitals and 12,405 dispensaries every year. Establishment of 3883 Yoga Wellness Centres , 1055 AYUSH Grams , and 12,500 Ayushman Arogya Mandirs . The Mission is working towards decreasing healthcare costs, expanding access to traditional healthcare, and promoting hollistic care across the nation. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Shayari Press Information Bureau of India Source : Published on : January 11, 2025 National AYUSH Mission Health Ministry Cracks Down on Fake Drug Network in Kolkata The Union Health Ministry, in collaboration with the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO ) (East Zone) and Drugs Control Directorate, West Bengal authorities, conducted a raid in Kolkata, resulting in a significant seizure of counterfeit drugs. Spurious anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and other drugs valued at approximately ₹6.60 crore were confiscated from 'M/s Care and Cure For You' in Kolkata. The drugs were falsely labeled as being imported from countries such as Ireland, Turkey, the USA, and Bangladesh but lacked proper import documentation , confirming their counterfeit nature. The wholesale firm's proprietor was arrested and placed in 14-day judicial custody to aid further investigation. Samples of the seized drugs have been sent for quality testing, and authorities are working to uncover the full extent of the illegal drug network. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr Shayari Press Information Bureau of India Source : Published on : January 11, 2025 Drug Quality, Counterfeit Drug Prevention NAMASTE scheme in focus: 9th meeting reviews implementation of Manual Scavengers Act, 2013 Union Minister Dr. Virendra Kumar chaired 9th Central Monitoring Committee meeting to review Supreme Court orders on manual scavenging Only 257 districts have uploaded manual scavenging-free certificates ; Minister urged immediate compliance from remaining districts States/UTs directed to establish mandatory committees and commissions under MS Act, 2013 Government launched NAMASTE (N ational A ction for M echanized S anitation E cosystem) scheme to ensure safety of sewer workers , aiming for zero fatalities and mechanized cleaning last year. Meeting attended by National Commission for Safai Karamcharies officials and representatives from states, UTs, and central ministries Click here to read more. 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62-Headlines of the day (All) Public Health News Snippets 18-24th March, 2024 India’s declining TFR trend- Predictions of a GBD study secondary analysis The I nstitute for H ealth M etrics and E valuation (IHME) used a forecasting model based on the average number of females born to women belonging to a specific birth cohort, known as “completed cohort fertility at 50 years of age” . The study findings were as follows: The global T otal f ertility r ate (TFR ) declined to half from 1950 to 2021 (4.8 to 2.2). 49 countries are predicted to have fertility rates above replacement levels by 2050 , while 6 will remain so in 2100. India with a TFR of 1.91 in 2021, was projected to decrease to 1.29 in 2050 and 1.04 in 2100 gradually. Projections were made with alternative scenarios and the TFR was reported as (for India): Meeting the SDG target of education by 2030- 1.22 by 2050 No unmet need for contraception as per the SDG target- 1.20 by 2050 Pro-natal policies- 1.49 by 2050 Combining all-1.35 by 2050 The study comes as a warning to the governments to plan their policies accordingly keeping in mind the expected changes in fertility indicators. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Urmimala The Lancet Source : Published on : March 23, 2024 at 2:00:00 PM GBD, Global Burden of Diseases, Fertility, Research Findings A revolutionary step for increasing accessibility for the PwD Recently, the Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities, under the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, took a striding step by signing 3 MoUs . These MoUs will help transform the way information regarding persons with disabilities is accessed and disseminated. This collaboration will help in delivering a platform that will provide the following services: Facilitate registration and follow-up of accessibility issues Provide information and important links related to legal issues Provide a platform for information related to government schemes Provide access to various documents Each of the MoUs signed was in partnership with the following: I-STEM , D hananjay S anjogta F oundation, and the N ational A ssociation for the B lind- will provide the technical support for the platform V ision D ivyang F oundation- to offer guidance regarding eligibility for various government schemes N ational A ssociation for the B lind- to make documents related to PwD accessible to them At the same time, an MoU was also signed between CSIR-CSIO and ALIMCO for designing, developing, and manufacturing various rehabilitative and assisted technologies. These steps will ensure inclusivity and aim for the rehabilitation of PwD . Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Swathi Shenoy Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : March 23, 2024 at 2:00:00 PM Accessibility, Rehabilitation, Person with Disabilities Pey Jal Survekshan- an initiative to foster healthy competition among cities As a part of mission AMRUT 2.0, P ey J al S urvekshan (PSJ ) was launched to evaluate the achievements in providing the following services: Water supply - quantity, quality, and coverage Sewerage and septage management The extent of reusing and recycling of water Conservation of water bodies In September 2022, a survey was conducted to assess them, and over 5.21 lakh household replies were registered. The first edition of these PSJ awards will focus on the water-linked services in 485 AMRUT cities. A set of nine awards each was awarded to the cities and the states, respectively, for their exceptional performance. The AMRUT Mitra initiative was also launched, wherein the role of women in urban water management was emphasized. This will further help uplift women's socioeconomic status and empowerment. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Swathi Shenoy Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : March 23, 2024 at 2:00:00 PM Environment, Water, Sewage, and Water Quality Green healthcare innovation: Banana fiber-based wound dressing for sustainable healing Researchers at India's I nstitute of A dvanced S tudy in S cience and T echnology (IASST ) have developed an eco-friendly wound dressing material using banana fibers from the country's surplus banana pseudo stems. The researchers mixed banana fibers with biopolymers like chitosan and guar gum to form a strong patch with antioxidants. Additionally, they also incorporated an extract from the Vitex negundo L. plant for drug release and antibacterial effects. The manufacturing process is economically friendly and non-toxic with locally available materials. This eco-friendly option has wide-ranging uses, potentially helping farmers and lessening environmental harm. The innovation's potential to revolutionize wound care and its recent publication was highlighted in the International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, underscoring its significance in biomedical research. Content Editor: Dr. Sumana Mukhopadhyay Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : March 23, 2024 at 2:00:00 PM Sustainable Treatment, Ecofriendly treatment, Wound dressing International commitments against cervical cancer Cervical cancer is a major concern for women, particularly in low and middle-income countries. To combat this, the World Health Organization recommends administering the HPV vaccine in a single shot, which can help prevent cervical cancer. Many countries have pledged to work together to eradicate cervical cancer , with 37 countries adjusting their vaccine plans to support this goal. While some countries, such as Indonesia, are sticking to their existing plans, others like the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, and Nigeria are promising to provide the HPV vaccine quickly to girls aged 9-14. Ethiopia aims to achieve a 95% vaccination rate, while Nigeria is targeting 80% through schools and outreach activities. In 2022, vaccine distribution, supply, and COVID-19-related issues resulted in only 20% of girls receiving the HPV vaccine, and few women in low and middle-income countries underwent cervical cancer screening. The majority of cervical cancer deaths occur in these countries, underscoring the need for urgent global action. Both Colombia and Spain have made the elimination of cervical cancer a priority, with Colombia hosting the first-ever Global Forum for Cervical Cancer Elimination. The Spanish government is committed to fighting this disease and promoting gender equality. Spain's feminist foreign policy aims to address health challenges such as cervical cancer, emphasizing the importance of political will and collective efforts in fighting this disease. Content Editor: Dr. Rashmi Verma WHO News Section Source : Published on : March 23, 2024 at 2:00:00 PM Cervical Cancer, HPV Vaccine, International Health News Mumps outbreak in Kerala The symptoms of mumps start with a low-grade fever, headache, body ache, and malaise and take two to four weeks to appear. The enlargement of the salivary glands is the most characteristic sign of the illness. The Kerala State Surveillance Unit of the Directorate of Health Services data shows that there have been: 2777 cases of viral infection this month and 11739 cases in the little over two months of this year. Officials said that the majority of the cases were coming from the Malappuram district and other areas in north Kerala. Kerala's vaccination reluctance has historically been greatest in the district of Malappuram. An immunization expert, who wished to remain anonymous, stated that the "MMR vaccination makes no sense for a government programme because it doesn't protect against the mumps as well as it does against measles and rubella, where more than 90% of people can be protected with just two doses." Content Editor: Dr. Sakshi Aggarwal Report of Kerala State Surveillance Unit Source : Published on : March 22, 2024 at 1:30:00 PM Disease Outbreak, IDSP, Mumps Empowering millets: Insights from the expert meeting CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (NIScPR) held an expert review meeting on enhancing nutritional security through millets. It was highlighted that there has been a 60% decline in millet cultivation since 1950 and now requires immediate policy intervention. Emphasis was given to the dietary shifts post-green revolution and the importance of raising awareness among farmers. As proposed in the meeting, a dedicated millet board was also initiated to coordinate policy efforts. An overview of the current status and plan forward was given with insights from industry stakeholders and experts. The event aimed to shape policies for nutritional security and sustainable health through millets in India. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Sumana Mukhopadhyay Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : March 22, 2024 at 1:30:00 PM Food security, Nutrition, Millets Current coverage of the FSSAI's 'Eat right station' initiative" FSSAI's Eat Right Station initiative certified 150 railway stations nationwide, enhancing food safety. The certification process involves strict audits and training to ensure adherence to hygiene standards. A few notable certified stations include New Delhi, Varanasi, Kolkata, and Hyderabad. The initiative ensures safe, nutritious food for passengers and boosts vendors' credibility. Six metro stations, such as Noida Sector 51 and Esplanade (Kolkata), were also accredited. Various stakeholders, including Indian Railways and state FDAs, play important roles in the certification process. FSSAI plans to extend the program to cover all major railway and metro stations, promoting health. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Sumana Mukhopadhyay Press Information Bureau Source : Published on : March 22, 2024 at 1:30:00 PM Food safety Empowering ear health: Transforming perceptions for universal hearing care Hearing loss is referred to as an “invisible disability ” because of the absence of visible symptoms and lack of action by policymakers due to stigmatizing mindsets. On March 3rd, 2024, the Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities, organized awareness programs on the prevention and management of hearing loss through various national institutes and regional centers, namely: Ali Yavar Jung National Institute of Speech and Hearing Disabilities (Divyangjan), Mumbai : organized free hearing screenings for people of all age groups National Institute for Empowerment of Persons with Multiple Disabilities (NIEPMD), Chennai : organized training program for airport authorities at Chennai Airport. Composite Regional Center (CRC), Chhatarpur : conducted an audiologists-centric webinar on hearing impairment CRC, Nagpur : organized an awareness program. CRC, Rajnandgaon : hosted an awareness rally, a drawing competition, and a hearing aid distribution program. Shantiniketan Ratanpally and Vivekananda Adivasi Kalyan Samiti, Birbhum : showcased banner displays, dance performances, and poetry recitations by female students. CRC Davanagere, CRC Lucknow, and CRC Bhopal : organized awareness programmes on World Hearing Day. Content Editor: Dr. Tanya Tanu Social Trends Source : Published on : March 22, 2024 at 1:30:00 PM Hearing Loss, World Hearing Day How can we improve a child's environment? In an era where environmental pollution and climate change are increasingly affecting the health, development, and future of children, WHO and UNICEF have come up with a free online course to address these concerns. It aims to enhance the knowledge and resources of healthcare providers and reduce the risks effectively. Some of the key topics that are being addressed by this online course consist of the following: Air pollution, Climate change, Lead, and pesticide toxicity E-waste The online course provides comprehensive and in-depth knowledg e and exploration of children’s environmental health. It also addresses the health sector, where providers have limited knowledge to recognize, assess, and manage environment-related diseases. With this course, they aim to fulfill the right to safeguard the well-being of every child. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr Soundhar WHO News Section Source : Published on : March 21, 2024 at 2:30:00 PM Child Health, Environmental health Enhancing self-reliability in Africa- a venture by the CDC and UNICEF The Africa CDC and UNICEF have joined forces to improve healthcare in Africa . Their prime focus is enhancing medical supply management, promoting local manufacturing, and being prepared to handle emergencies. The primary objective of this partnership is to ensure that more children in Africa receive timely vaccinations . UNICEF reported that 12.7 million African children did not receive complete vaccinations in 2021, with 8.7 million receiving none. This partnership aims to address these disparities in vaccination , which were further exposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Africa heavily relies on imported vaccines and medicines, which poses a significant challenge. The African CDC aims to address this by increasing local vaccine manufacturing . They aim to produce 60% of Africa's vaccines by 2040 to ensure timely access to essential healthcare needs. Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Rashmi Verma UNICEF Source : Published on : March 21, 2024 Immunisation, International Health News, UNICEF How does gender inequality affect the health systems? A new World Health Organization report, "Fair Share for Health and Care, " shows how underappreciating care work, mostly done by women, harms everyone. Uneven burden : Women perform most unpaid care work (76%) while making up 67% of the paid healthcare workforce. This unpaid labor decreases their participation in paid jobs and weakens their economic power. Undervaluing caregiving : Poor compensation and working conditions in caregiving (a female-dominated field) hurt wages, productivity, and the entire health sector. Global care crisis : Underinvesting in health systems creates a vicious cycle. Weak health systems lead to more unpaid care work for women, overburdening caregivers, and poor healthcare quality. The problem worsens with the lack of full health coverage. The solution: “Invest in Equality” - WHO urges investing in valuing all health and care work. This includes improving work conditions, promoting equal pay, and supporting caregivers. Stronger health systems that recognize care work are needed for better health outcomes and a more equitable world. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Chinmay Kelkar WHO News Section Source : Published on : March 21, 2024 International Health News, Gender Equality Rapid syndromic PCR test - A miracle in case of pneumonia Adults (total of 374) who came to the emergency department (ED) between September 25, 2020, and June 1, 2021, with symptoms of CAP, were enrolled in the trial , which was run and overseen by researchers at Haukeland University Hospital in Bergen, Norway. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either standard-of-care microbiologic methods (blood culture, pneumococcal urine test, and an in-house PCR test) or rapid syndromic PCR testing using the BioFire FilmArray Pneumonia Plus panel (FAP Plus), which detects 27 bacterial and viral respiratory pathogens. Patients with suspected community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) were more than three times more likely to receive pathogen-directed antibiotic treatment if they had quick syndromic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing , according to the experiment than if they underwent traditional microbiological testing. Additionally, they got pathogen-directed therapy more quickly. Rapid syndromic PCR testing, according to the researchers, may be used in place of or in addition to culture-based diagnostic methods for patients with lower respiratory infections. The results were published in JAMA Network Open. As per the researchers, "a faster microbiological diagnosis allows for directed therapy , which has been shown in previous studies to improve outcomes, limit antibiotic overuse, and prevent antimicrobial resistance." Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Sakshi Aggarwal Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy Source : Published on : March 21, 2024 New Updates, Communicable Diseases Accelerating towards ending malarial deaths At Yaoundé in Cameroon, Ministers of Health from African countries with the highest burden of malaria, especially 11 countries contributing to 70% of the global burden of malaria , signed a declaration towards accelerated action to end deaths from the disease in this region. The aims of the conference were as follows: To review the progress and challenges in achieving the targets of the WHO global malaria strategy To plan mitigation strategies and provide funds for the same To make strategies and responses for accelerated malaria mortality reduction in Africa To establish a roadmap for increased political commitment and societal engagement in malaria control. The WHO and the RBM Partnership to End Malaria launched the ‘ High Burden to High Impact’ approach in 2018, which was echoed in the Declaration. The approach thus will focus on the following: The political will to reduce malaria deaths Using information strategically to drive impact Better guidance, policies and strategies, and a coordinated national response Click here to read more Content Editor: Dr. Manu Goel WHO News Section Source : Published on : March 21, 2024 Communicable diseases, Malaria, WHO An update about infectious disease outbreaks across the world In South America, dengue cases witnessed a surge in numbers. Brazil reported more than 1 million suspected cases of dengue according to a surveillance report revealed by their Health Ministry. This led to a response by the Government to increase production of dengue tests and the launch of a vaccination drive through its public system. Meanwhile, Peru declared a dengue emergency in 20 out of 25 districts, outpacing the record level of dengue cases in 2023. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) reported outbreaks of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) among commercial poultry flocks across five states in the United States. Four other states reported outbreaks of HPAI among backyard flocks. The USDA moved swiftly to mitigate the spread of these infections among animals and from animals to humans. In Africa, Nigeria reported a new polio case in the Kano state involving the circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2. This boosted the country’s total of cases in 2023 to 82. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Manu Goel Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Policy Source : Published on : March 19, 2024 Infectious diseases, Disease Outbreaks M. pneumoniae infections on the rise in the United States According to a report published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), cases of Mycoplasma pneumoniae are on the rise in the United States. Among school-aged children, M. pneumoniae is a common cause of respiratory infections. The data collected from the CDC’s National Syndromic Surveillance Program (NSSP) and New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN) during three periods – pre-, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic showed that while infections caused by this pathogen decreased during the pandemic period compared to pre-pandemic levels, they were on the rise in the post-pandemic period. The report concluded that healthcare providers should include M. pneumoniae in their differential diagnoses of community-acquired pneumonia during the fall and winter respiratory illness seasons. It also highlighted the need for continued surveillance of such infections and macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae infections in the United States. Content Editor: Dr. Manu Goel Center for Disease Control and Prevention Source : Published on : March 19, 2024 Infectious disease, International health News, Disease Outbreaks Rising number of measles cases in the United States As measles cases rise across the United States, Chicago has reported its second case this year. One case involved a child recovering from measles at a migrant shelter in Pilsen. The Chicago Department of Public Health is verifying residents' vaccination status and offering vaccines to the unvaccinated. The other case, Chicago's first since 2019, involved an individual exposed to domestic and international travelers. However, the infection source is still unknown. The health department is actively tracing exposures, particularly at Swedish Hospital and on a specific bus route. These Chicago cases reflect the national trend, with the Centers for Disease Control reporting 45 total U.S. cases this year across 17 states. In January, the CDC had anticipated this increase due to global trends and decreasing vaccination rates. The recent local and national cases underscore the critical importance of high vaccination rates to prevent outbreaks . Content Editor: Dr. Chinmay Kelkar Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Policy Source : Published on : March 19, 2024 Measles, Disease Outbreak, Infectious diseases, International Health News How has the air quality been in February 2024? The Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air published a report detailing the air quality status across India for February 2024. 253 cities used the Continuous A mbient A ir Q uality M onitoring S tation (CAAQMS) reporting data for 80% of the days. The salient features of the report are as follows: In 160 countries, the PM 2.5 levels were below the standards set by India's National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Meanwhile, only 1 city complied with the WHO standards. Byrnihat in Meghalaya topped the list of most polluted cities while Satna in Madhya Pradesh was the cleanest. February saw a marked improvement in air quality compared to January. This marked improvement could have been attributed to improving wind speeds, rising temperatures, reduced emissions in cities, and other meteorological factors. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Manu Goel Centre For Research On Energy And Clean Air Source : Published on : March 19, 2024 Air Pollution, National Clean Air Programme How does the efficacy of the typhoid conjugate vaccine remain after years of vaccination? In a 2017 randomized control trial in Malawi involving 28,130 children aged 9 months to 12 years, the efficacy and durability of a single-dose Vi-TT vaccine against Typhoid Fever were assessed. 14,069 children received the typhoid vaccine, while the remaining 14,061 children received the control meningococcal vaccine. The effectiveness of the vaccine was measured over different periods. Vaccine efficacy reduced over time by only 1·3% per year over four years with rates of approximately 83.4%, 80.7%, 80.1%, and 77.1% observed at 1, 2, 3, and 4 years post-vaccination, respectively. Efficacy was consistent across age groups, including children under 2 years. These findings support WHO recommendations for Vi-TT mass campaigns in typhoid-endemic areas, followed by routine introduction, emphasizing long-term protection and efficacy. Click here to read more. Content Editor: Dr. Pradipta The Lancet Source : Published on : March 19, 2024 Typhoid, Immunisation, Research Findings Increasing antiviral resistance among HIV patients Since 2018, WHO has recommended dolutegravir as the preferred first- and second-line HIV treatment for all populations. Compared to other drugs, it is more effective, less addictive, and has fewer side effects. It also has a high genetic barrier to the development of resistance. However, among the four reported surveys, resistance to dolutegravir ranged from 3.9% to 8.6%, and reached 19.6% among people experienced with treatment and transitioned to a DTG-containing ART while having high HIV viral loads. WHO recommends that countries systematically implement standard HIV surveillance to monitor the prevalence and patterns of drug resistance in people who do not achieve viral load suppression. This report also documents cases of I ntegrase S trand T ransfer I nhibitor (INSTI ) resistance after recent exposure to Cabotegravir (CAB-LA) . A delay in detection and confirmation of HIV infection may increase the risk of developing INSTI resistance. From 2022, WHO has recommended the use of long-acting injectable CAB-LA as an additional HIV prevention option for people at high risk of HIV infection. Content Editor: Dr. Prayag Khandelwal WHO News Section Source : Published on : March 18, 2024 Drug Resistance, HIV, WHO Guidelines Trend analysis of underweight and obesity worldwide (1990-2022) A study published in Lancet estimated the prevalence of underweight and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022. It reported that the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men, and it increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 (70%) for men. The countries with the highest combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were Polynesia, Micronesia, and the Caribbean for both sexes. The study recommended that a healthy nutrition transition is needed to address the remaining burden of being underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesity. Content Editor: Dr. Immanual Joshua The Lancet Source : Published on : March 18, 2024 Public Health Nutrition Surge of sexually transmitted diseases in Europe The E uropean C entre for D isease P revention and C ontrol (ECDC) today revealed new data that demonstrates an increase in STIs (Sexually Transmitted Illnesses) throughout the continent. According to the ECDC's most recent annual epidemiologic reports, the number of cases of gonorrhea, syphilis, and chlamydia increased by 48%, 34%, and 16% , respectively, across EU/EEA nations over the previous year. In 2022, there was also an increase in cases of congenital syphilis and lymphogranuloma venereum , which are brought about by infection spreading from the mother to the fetus. The ECDC further stated that if gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis are not treated, they can result in major health issues like infertility, persistent pain, and pelvic inflammatory disease. According to a press release, ECDC Director Andrea Ammon, MD, MPH, stated that "testing, treatment, and prevention lie at the heart of any long-term strategy." They also added that "We must prioritize sexual health education, expand access to testing and treatment services, and combat the stigma associated with STIs ." 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