• The National Stroke Registry Programme established five population-based stroke registries (PBSRs) to measure stroke incidence, mortality, and its subtypes in urban and rural populations.

• The registry uniquely employs the STEPS approach and tracks both fatal and non-fatal strokes in hospitals, imaging centers, and the community, including deaths recorded within 28 days of stroke onset.

• The study's findings reveal: 

1. The average stroke incidence rate was 138.1 per 100,000 people but varied significantly between regions (from 96.6 to 187.6).

2. Case fatality rates also varied widely, ranging from 15.3 to 46.6 per 100,000 population. 

3. Stroke risk was higher in men over 30 (1 in 10 chance vs. 1 in 15 chance for women). 

4. Rural areas in three specific locations (Cuttack, Cachar, Tirunelveli) had twice the stroke incidence compared to urban areas. 

5. Ischemic stroke was the most frequent type observed. 

6. Hypertension, diabetes, and current tobacco use were identified as the most common risk factors. 

• Recognizing the higher stroke burden in rural areas, this study provides crucial data to guide policy and resource allocation for improved stroke prevention and treatment across India.

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