• The study covers nine areas, including deforestation, pollution, and wildlife protection. 

• It reveals that 85% of countries criminalize wildlife offenses, with 45% imposing severe penalties of four or more years in prison.

• The report highlights progress in environmental laws but also notes enforcement gaps. 

• Wildlife and waste crimes are most frequently criminalized, while soil and noise pollution are least protected.

• The UNODC report examines how 193 UN Member States define and penalize environmental crimes.

• It highlights legal discrepancies, noting that businesses often receive fines while individuals face imprisonment.

• It calls for stronger laws, including confiscation of crime proceeds, to target major offenders.

• UNODC experts urge enhanced international cooperation and better data collection to improve enforcement and effectiveness in combating environmental crimes.

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