The study conducted by Ruffin et al., from April 2016 to November 2019, involved 362 patients hospitalized in U.S. hospitals with bloodstream infections (BSI) caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE).

These 362 encompassed both Black and White racial groups.

The findings indicated that Black females were more likely to be admitted from long-term care facilities and had higher rates of heart infections.

In contrast, Black males were generally younger and more prone to cerebrovascular disease.

Among the Whites, malignancy was the reason for the hospital admission of 39% of White males and 39% of White females.

The primary source of infection for both Black females (32%) and White males (27%) was often unidentified.

An independent predictor of 30-day mortality was the interaction between sex and race (p=0.016).

Notably, Black females exhibited a higher 30-day mortality rate compared to Black males (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) - 2.59, 95% CI 1.02 - 6.56) and White females (aOR 2.15, 95% CI 1.01 - 4.58).