Researchers examined death certificates for all California residents ≥ 25 years who died from natural causes during 2016-2023.
Comparing pre-pandemic mortality and the difference in outcomes during pandemic years (and accounting for seasonal variation), the team modelled absolute and relative excess mortalities.
Researchers then found a 55% increase in death rate for undocumented immigrants above pre-pandemic level, which was observed to be 22% for documented immigrants and only 12% for US-born citizens.
For instance, essential workers of Latino descent (undocumented) had a surprising 91% increase in deaths as compared to US-born white citizens (8%).
This study highlights the growing disparity in access to basic healthcare, segregated along ethnic lines in the United States, and the need to protect these vulnerable sections before the next pandemic hits.

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