July 2023 has been confirmed as the warmest month on record globally, with temperatures around 1.5°C higher than the average from 1815 to 1900, before the industrial era.  Samantha Burgess, Deputy Director of the Copernicus Climate Change Service, revealed that heatwaves occurred across multiple regions.  Using proxy records, including cave deposits and calcifying organisms, it was determined that the Earth hasn't experienced such warmth in the last 120,000 years.  Global sea surface temperatures also broke records, rising by 0.51°C above the 1991-2020 average due to high temperatures in April.  The UN's World Meteorological Organization predicted a 98% chance that one of the next five years would be among the warmest recorded, and a 66% probability of temporarily exceeding the 1.5°C threshold.  This underscores the urgency of curbing greenhouse gas emissions, the primary driver of these temperature rises.  Despite La Niña conditions, 2015 to 2022 were the eight warmest years, attributed to ongoing greenhouse gas concentration increases.