A longitudinal study was conducted using data from the PROTECT study on individuals aged 50 and above in the UK to examine the impact of the pandemic on cognitive abilities.

Cognitive abilities were evaluated using a computerized neuropsychology battery.

A significant decline in executive function and working memory was observed in the first year of the pandemic across all participants.

Regression analysis revealed that this cognitive decline was significantly linked to

Decreased physical activity

Increased alcohol consumption

Depression

Feelings of loneliness.

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant decrease in cognitive abilities in older adults, which is associated with changes in known risk factors for dementia.

The persistent decline in cognitive abilities underscores the need for long-term interventions and support for cognitive health in older adults.

The National Institute for Health and Care Research funded this study.