• A review article published in BMJ highlights several challenges in India's vector-borne disease (VBD) control program, including insecticide resistance and changes in vector behaviour like outdoor biting.

• Insecticide resistance compromises current control measures, while altered biting and resting patterns reduce the effectiveness of traditional methods. Climate change also affects vector distribution and disease transmission.

• Current strategies in India use biological control agents, chemical insecticides, and environmental management to combat VBDs, but they face issues like resistance, limited resources, and behavioural changes in vectors. 

• Similar challenges are seen globally, emphasising the need for innovative tools and international collaboration.

• Potential novel tools mentioned include:

1. Insecticide-treated nets with synergists,

2. Neonicotinoids for indoor spraying,

3. New larvicide formulations like Bacillus sphaericus,

4. Attractive toxic sugar baits, and

5. Endectocides like ivermectin.

• Other promising approaches are insecticidal paints, spatial repellents, insecticide-treated wearables, and genetic modification technologies such as Sterile Insect Technique and Wolbachia transfection. 

• These innovations aim to enhance vector control and address the emerging challenges effectively and enhance the effectiveness of global VBD control efforts.

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