Public health sectors face limitations in the form of shortage of human resources, inefficient frameworks, and inadequate quality of maternal and child health services.

Increasing private sector involvement can improve the quality of maternal and child health services.

Utilization of private providers varies high for children's diarrhea and fever(67%), lower for pregnant women's institutional delivery(38%) and antenatal care(30%).

Outpatient care is equally accessed by the poor and wealthy, while the wealthy prefer private inpatient care.

High out-of-pocket expenditure, especially for medicines in public facilities.

Effective engagement strategies include voluntary or mandatory partnerships at the macro, meso, and micro levels.

Key strategies involve financing, regulatory approaches like licensing, and policy development.

Intermediary mechanisms include NGOs enhancing private provider service quality and regulatory compliance